In vitro effect of amorphous calcium phosphate paste applied for extended periods of time on enamel remineralization.

OBJECTIVES: Dental applications based on the unique characteristics of amorphous calcium phosphate stabilized by casein phosphopeptides (CPP-ACP) have been proposed, as well as the improvement of its properties. The objective of this study was to determine the ability of topically applied CPP-ACP from a commercial product to remineralize subsurface lesions when applied for extended periods of time (3 h and 8 h). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Artificially induced carious lesions were produced in 50 bovine enamel blocks previously selected by surface hardness. After treatments with gel without F and CPP-ACP applied for 1 minute (Placebo); 2% NaF neutral gel applied for 1 minute (Fluoride 1 min); CPP-ACP applied for 3 min (ACP 3 min); and CPP-ACP applied for 3 h (ACP 3 h) and for 8 h (ACP 8 h), the enamel blocks were submitted to the remineralization pH-cycling. Surface hardness and synchrotron micro-tomography were used to determine the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and to calculate mineral concentration (gHAp.cm-3), respectively. The data were submitted to ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.05). RESULTS: Fluoride gel presented higher %SHR followed by ACP 3 min (p<0.001). No difference (p = 0.148) was found for Placebo, ACP 3 h and ACP 8 h groups for %SHR. Fluoride gel showed greater mineral concentration (p<0.001) when compared with the other groups. ACP 3 min demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.001) from ACP 3 h and ACP 8 h. The ACP 3 h and 8 h presented a subsurface lesion with development of laminations in all blocks. CONCLUSION: In this in vitro study the use of CPP-ACP for extended periods of time did not produce an additive effect in the remineralization process.

In vitro effect of amorphous calcium phosphate paste applied for extended periods of time on enamel remineralization

Abstract Dental applications based on the unique characteristics of amorphous calcium phosphate stabilized by casein phosphopeptides (CPP-ACP) have been proposed, as well as the improvement of its properties. Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the ability of topically applied CPP-ACP from a commercial product to remineralize subsurface lesions when applied for extended periods of time (3 h and 8 h). Material and Methods: Artificially induced carious lesions were produced in 50 bovine enamel blocks previously selected by surface hardness. After treatments with gel without F and CPP-ACP applied for 1 minute (Placebo); 2% NaF neutral gel applied for 1 minute (Fluoride 1 min); CPP-ACP applied for 3 min (ACP 3 min); and CPP-ACP applied for 3 h (ACP 3 h) and for 8 h (ACP 8 h), the enamel blocks were submitted to the remineralization pH-cycling. Surface hardness and synchrotron micro-tomography were used to determine the percentage of surface hardness recovery (%SHR) and to calculate mineral concentration (gHAp.cm−3), respectively. The data were submitted to ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p<0.05). Results: Fluoride gel presented higher %SHR followed by ACP 3 min (p<0.001). No difference (p = 0.148) was found for Placebo, ACP 3 h and ACP 8 h groups for %SHR. Fluoride gel showed greater mineral concentration (p<0.001) when compared with the other groups. ACP 3 min demonstrated a significant difference (p<0.001) from ACP 3 h and ACP 8 h. The ACP 3 h and 8 h presented a subsurface lesion with development of laminations in all blocks. Conclusion: In this in vitro study the use of CPP-ACP for extended periods of time did not produce an additive effect in the remineralization process.

Dentifrício fluoretado suplementado com hexametafosfato de sódio sobre o processo de desmineralização do esmalte: estudos in vitro e in situ / Dentifrice fluoride supplemented with sodium hexametaphosphate on the process of demineralization of the enamel. In vitro and in situ

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de dentifrícios convencionais (1100 ppm F) suplementados com hexametafosfato de sódio (HMP), em reduzir a desmineralização do esmalte in vitro e in situ. No estudo in vitro blocos de esmalte bovino (n = 60) selecionados pela dureza de superfície inicial (SHi) foram divididos em cinco grupos de dentifrícios (n = 12): sem fluoreto e sem HMP (Placebo); um convencional de 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100 ppm F associado 0.5% de HMP (1100FHMP0.5%), 1100 ppm F associado a 1% de HMP (1100FHMP1%) e 1100 ppm F associado a 2% HMP (1100FHMP2%). Os blocos foram submetidos a ciclagem de pH durante cinco dias, sendo o tratamento com os respectivos dentifrícios realizados 2x/dia. A seguir, determinou-se a dureza de superfície final (SHf) e a perda de dureza de superfície (%SH), perda da dureza integrada de subsuperfície (ΔKHN), a dureza diferencial integrada (ΔIH) e fluoreto (F) no esmalte. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância seguida pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls (p < 0,001). O grupo 1100FHMP1% apresentou a menor perda mineral (%SH, ΔKHN e ΔIH) seguido pelo grupo 1100FHMP0.5% (p < 0,001). O grupo 1100FHMP1% apresentou a mesma concentração de F no esmalte do grupo 1100. Para o estudo in situ, blocos de esmalte bovinos (n = 144) foram selecionados pela dureza de superfície e divididos em três grupos experimentais: Placebo (placebo), 1100 ppm F (1100F), 1100 ppm F associado a 1% de HMP (1100FHMP1%). Doze voluntários utilizaram dispositivos palatinos, com quatro blocos de esmalte, durante sete dias para cada fase, sendo a escovação realizada 3x/dia com o dispositivo palatino no interior da cavidade bucal e o desafio cariogênico com sacarose 30% em horários pré-estabelecidos. Após o período de 7 dias determinou-se %SH, ΔKHN e os níveis de fluoreto (F), cálcio (Ca) e fósforo (P) no esmalte. No biofilme formado sobre os blocos foram determinados para a concentração de F, Ca, P e polissacarídeo extracelular (EPS)...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of conventional dentifrices (1100 ppm F) supplemented with sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP), in reducing enamel demineralization in vitro and in situ. In the study of demineralization of bovine enamel blocks (n = 60) selected by the initial surface hardness (SHI) were divided into five groups of dentifrices (n = 12) without fluoride and HMP without (Placebo); conventional dentifrice 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100 ppm F associated 0.5% of HMP (1100FHMP0.5%), 1100 ppm F associated 1% of HMP (1100FHMP1%) and 1100 ppm F associated 2% of HMP (1100FHMP2%). The blocks were subjected to pH cycling for five days, and then treatment performed with the respective dentifrices 2x / day. Next, we determined final surface hardness (SHf), surface hardness loss (% SH), integrated differential hardness (ΔIH) and integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN) and fluoride (F) in the enamel. The results were submitted to one-way ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p <0.001). The group 1100FHMP1% had the lowest mineral loss (SH%, ΔKHN and ΔIH) followed in 1100FHMP0.5% (p <0.001). 1100FHMP1% group had the same concentration of 1100 ppm F in group F. For the study of enamel in situ bovine enamel blocks (n = 144) were selected for the surface hardness and divided into three groups: Placebo (placebo), 1100 ppm F (1100F), 1100 ppm F associated 1% of HMP (1100FHMP1%). Twelve volunteers wore palatal appliances with four enamel blocks for seven days, and brushing performed 3x / day with the palatal device within the oral cavity and the cariogenic challenge with sucrose 30% at pre-established times. After 7 days, SH% was determined, ΔKHN and fluoride (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in enamel. The biofilms formed were analyzed for the concentration of F, Ca, P and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). Data were subjected to the tests one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls post-hoc (p<0.001). The group 1100FHMP1% presented fluoride...

Dentifrício fluoretado suplementado com hexametafosfato de sódio sobre o processo de desmineralização do esmalte: estudos in vitro e in situ / Dentifrice fluoride supplemented with sodium hexametaphosphate on the process of demineralization of the enamel. In vitro and in situ

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a capacidade de dentifrícios convencionais (1100 ppm F) suplementados com hexametafosfato de sódio (HMP), em reduzir a desmineralização do esmalte in vitro e in situ. No estudo in vitro blocos de esmalte bovino (n = 60) selecionados pela dureza de superfície inicial (SHi) foram divididos em cinco grupos de dentifrícios (n = 12): sem fluoreto e sem HMP (Placebo); um convencional de 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100 ppm F associado 0.5% de HMP (1100FHMP0.5%), 1100 ppm F associado a 1% de HMP (1100FHMP1%) e 1100 ppm F associado a 2% HMP (1100FHMP2%). Os blocos foram submetidos a ciclagem de pH durante cinco dias, sendo o tratamento com os respectivos dentifrícios realizados 2x/dia. A seguir, determinou-se a dureza de superfície final (SHf) e a perda de dureza de superfície (%SH), perda da dureza integrada de subsuperfície (ΔKHN), a dureza diferencial integrada (ΔIH) e fluoreto (F) no esmalte. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância seguida pelo teste Student-Newman-Keuls (p < 0,001). O grupo 1100FHMP1% apresentou a menor perda mineral (%SH, ΔKHN e ΔIH) seguido pelo grupo 1100FHMP0.5% (p < 0,001). O grupo 1100FHMP1% apresentou a mesma concentração de F no esmalte do grupo 1100. Para o estudo in situ, blocos de esmalte bovinos (n = 144) foram selecionados pela dureza de superfície e divididos em três grupos experimentais: Placebo (placebo), 1100 ppm F (1100F), 1100 ppm F associado a 1% de HMP (1100FHMP1%). Doze voluntários utilizaram dispositivos palatinos, com quatro blocos de esmalte, durante sete dias para cada fase, sendo a escovação realizada 3x/dia com o dispositivo palatino no interior da cavidade bucal e o desafio cariogênico com sacarose 30% em horários pré-estabelecidos. Após o período de 7 dias determinou-se %SH, ΔKHN e os níveis de fluoreto (F), cálcio (Ca) e fósforo (P) no esmalte. No biofilme formado sobre os blocos foram determinados para a concentração de F, Ca, P e polissacarídeo extracelular (EPS)...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the ability of conventional dentifrices (1100 ppm F) supplemented with sodium hexametaphosphate (HMP), in reducing enamel demineralization in vitro and in situ. In the study of demineralization of bovine enamel blocks (n = 60) selected by the initial surface hardness (SHI) were divided into five groups of dentifrices (n = 12) without fluoride and HMP without (Placebo); conventional dentifrice 1100 ppm F (1100F); 1100 ppm F associated 0.5% of HMP (1100FHMP0.5%), 1100 ppm F associated 1% of HMP (1100FHMP1%) and 1100 ppm F associated 2% of HMP (1100FHMP2%). The blocks were subjected to pH cycling for five days, and then treatment performed with the respective dentifrices 2x / day. Next, we determined final surface hardness (SHf), surface hardness loss (% SH), integrated differential hardness (ΔIH) and integrated loss of subsurface hardness (ΔKHN) and fluoride (F) in the enamel. The results were submitted to one-way ANOVA followed by the Student-Newman-Keuls test (p <0.001). The group 1100FHMP1% had the lowest mineral loss (SH%, ΔKHN and ΔIH) followed in 1100FHMP0.5% (p <0.001). 1100FHMP1% group had the same concentration of 1100 ppm F in group F. For the study of enamel in situ bovine enamel blocks (n = 144) were selected for the surface hardness and divided into three groups: Placebo (placebo), 1100 ppm F (1100F), 1100 ppm F associated 1% of HMP (1100FHMP1%). Twelve volunteers wore palatal appliances with four enamel blocks for seven days, and brushing performed 3x / day with the palatal device within the oral cavity and the cariogenic challenge with sucrose 30% at pre-established times. After 7 days, SH% was determined, ΔKHN and fluoride (F), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) in enamel. The biofilms formed were analyzed for the concentration of F, Ca, P and extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). Data were subjected to the tests one-way ANOVA and Newman-Keuls post-hoc (p<0.001). The group 1100FHMP1% presented fluoride...

Avaliação in vitro da eficácia de dentifrícios de baixa concentração de fluoreto suplementados com hexametafosfato sobre o processo de desmineralização do esmalte / Evaluation in vitro of the efficacy of dentifrices with low concentration of fluoride supplemented with hexametaphosphate on the enamel demineralization process

Formulações de dentifrícios com concentrações reduzidas de fluoreto (F) têm sido estudadas para diminuir o risco de fluorose dentária. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a eficácia de dentifrícios com concentrações reduzidas de F (250 μgF/g), suplementados com hexametafosfato (HMP) sobre a desmineralização do esmalte de dente bovino. Blocos de esmalte foram submetidos a repetidas ciclagens de pH alternadas com tratamentos (2x/dia) com dentifrícios sem F contendo HMP nas concentrações de 0, 0,25, 0,5, 1,0, 2,0 e 3,0%, dentifrícios com 250 μgF/g suplementados com HMP nas mesmas concentrações, placebo (sem F e HMP), um com 500 μgF/g, outro com 1100 μgF/g e um comercial (Crest® , de 1100 μgF/g). Apos as ciclagens determinou-se a dureza de superficie final (SHf), perda integrada de dureza de subsuperficie (ΔKHN) e o conteudo de F no esmalte. Os resultados foram submetidos a ANOVA e teste de Bonferroni (p<0.05). O grupo 250 μgF/g com 0,5% de HMP apresentou maior valor de SHf, e menor ΔKHN, seguido do grupo de 250 μgF/g com 1,0% de HMP que ficou semelhante ao 1100 μgF/g e Crest® . HMP nao interferiu na incorporacao de F pelo esmalte em concentrações menores que 3%. Alem disso, a adicao de 0,5% de HMP a um dentifricio sem F causou um aumento de SHf e uma reducao de ΔKHN em comparacao ao placebo. Conclui-se que e possivel reduzir a concentracao de F a 250 μgF/g e se obter uma acao comparavel de um dentifricio comercial sobre a desmineralizacao do esmalte bovino atraves da suplementacao com hexametafosfato nas concentracoes de 0,5 e 1%

Formulations of dentifrices with reduced concentrations of fluoride (F) have been studied to decrease the risk of dental fluorosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of dentifrices with low concentration of F (250 μgF/g), supplemented with hexametaphosphate (HMP) on the demineralization of bovine tooth enamel. Blocks of enamel were submitted to repeated pH cyclings alternated with treatments (2x/day) with dentifrices without F or containing 250 μgF/g supplemented with HMP at concentrations of 0, 0,25, 0,5 1,0, 2,0 e 3,0%, dentifrices supplemented with HMP the same concentrations, placebo (without F and HMP), a dentifrice with 500 μgF/g, another with 1100 μgF/g and a commercial dentifrice (Crest®, 1100 μgF/g). After cycling, the following analysis were conducted: final surface hardness (SHf), subsurface hardness integrated loss (ΔKHN) and the content of F on enamel. The results were submitted to variance analysis and Bonferroni test (p<0.05). The group of 250 μgF/g with 0,5% HMP showed the highest SHf value and the lowest ΔKHN value, followed by the group supplemented with 1,0% HMP which was similar to 1100 μgF/g and Crest ® groups. HMP did not impair the uptake of F by enamel at concentrations lower than3%. Furthermore the addition of 0,5% HMP to a non fluoridated dentifrice caused a rise on SHf and a decrease on ΔKHN in comparison to placebo. It was concluded that it is possible to reduce the concentration of F to 250 μgF/g and obtain an action similar to a commercial dentifrice on the demineralization of enamel by supplementation with hexametaphosphate in concentrations of 0.5 and 1%