RESUMO
To characterize the genetic properties of coxsackievirus A12 (CVA12) strains isolated from hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) patients in Qingdao during 2008-2011, the complete genome and VP1 coding region were sequenced and analyzed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all strains from China clustered into three different branches, suggesting multiple lineages of CVA12 co-circulating in Asia. Sequence analysis indicated a monophyletic group only when the P1 region was examined, indicating possible recombination between CVA12 and other HEV-A serotypes. The emergence of CVA12 involved in an HFMD outbreak in China is a public-health issue.
Assuntos
Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/virologia , Enterovirus/classificação , Enterovirus/genética , Doença de Mão, Pé e Boca/virologia , RNA Viral/genética , Pré-Escolar , China/epidemiologia , Análise por Conglomerados , Doenças Transmissíveis Emergentes/epidemiologia , Enterovirus/isolamento & purificação , Feminino , Genótipo , Doença de Mão, Pé e Boca/epidemiologia , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Epidemiologia Molecular , Dados de Sequência Molecular , Filogenia , Recombinação Genética , Análise de Sequência de DNA , Proteínas Estruturais Virais/genéticaRESUMO
In the present study, we describe the genome sequence of coxsackievirus A6 (CVA6) strain 17ES4/QD/CHN/2017, which was isolated in Qingdao, China, in 2017. According to the phylogenetic analyses, the isolate belongs to subgenotype D3a.
RESUMO
Poor solubility is a common challenge encountered during the development of high concentration monoclonal antibody (mAb) formulations, but there are currently no methods that can provide predictive information on high-concentration behavior of mAbs in early discovery. We explored the utility of methodologies used for determining extrapolated solubility as a way to rank-order mAbs based on their relative solubility properties. We devised two approaches to accomplish this: 1) vapor diffusion technique utilized in traditional protein crystallization practice, and 2) polyethylene glycol (PEG)-induced precipitation and quantitation by turbidity. Using a variety of in-house mAbs with known high-concentration behavior, we demonstrated that both approaches exhibited reliable predictability of the relative solubility properties of these mAbs. Optimizing the latter approach, we developed a format that is capable of screening a large panel of mAbs in multiple pH and buffer conditions. This simple, material-saving, high-throughput approach enables the selection of superior molecules and optimal formulation conditions much earlier in the antibody discovery process, prior to time-consuming and material intensive high-concentration studies.