Impact of exercise dosages based on American College of Sports Medicine recommendations on lipid metabolism in patients after PCI: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: The impact of exercise dosages based on American College of Sports Medicine(ACSM) recommendations on lipid metabolism in patients after PCI remains unclear. This study conducted a meta-analysis of reported exercise dosages from the literature to address this knowledge gap. METHODS: A comprehensive search of databases was conducted to identify eligible randomized controlled studies of exercise interventions in patients after PCI, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement. Based on the recommended exercise dosages from ACSM for patients with coronary heart disease, exercise doses in the literature that met the inclusion criteria were categorized into groups that were highly compliant with ACSM recommendations and those with low or uncertain ACSM recommendations. The topic was the effect of exercise dose on lipid metabolism in post-PCI patients. This was assessed using standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for changes in triglycerides, total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL. RESULTS: This systematic review included 10 randomized controlled studies. The subgroup analysis revealed statistically significant differences in the high compliance with ACSM recommendations group for triglycerides [SMD=-0.33 (95% CI -0.62, -0.05)], total cholesterol [SMD=-0.55 (95% CI -0.97, -0.13)], low-density lipoprotein [SMD=-0.31 (95% CI -0.49, -0.13)], high-density lipoprotein [SMD = 0.23 (95% CI 0.01, 0.46)], and body mass index [SMD=-0.52 (95% CI -0.87, -0.17)]. Compared to the low or uncertain compliance with ACSM recommendations group, the high compliance group exhibited significant differences in improving TC levels (-0.55(H) vs. -0.46(L)), HDL levels (0.23(H) vs. 0.22(L)), and BMI (-0.52(H) vs. -0.34(L)). CONCLUSIONS: This study supports that high compliance with ACSM-recommended exercise dosages has significant impacts on improving TC levels, HDL levels, and BMI. However, no advantage was observed for TG or LDL levels.

HMGB1 is involved in viral replication and the inflammatory response in coxsackievirus A16-infected 16HBE cells via proteomic analysis and identification.

Coxsackievirus A16 (CV-A16) is still an important pathogen that causes hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in young children and infants worldwide. Previous studies indicated that CV-A16 infection is usually mild or self-limiting, but it was also found that CV-A16 infection can trigger severe neurological complications and even death. However, there are currently no vaccines or antiviral compounds available to either prevent or treat CV-A16 infection. Therefore, investigation of the virus‒host interaction and identification of host proteins that play a crucial regulatory role in the pathogenesis of CV-A16 infection may provide a novel strategy to develop antiviral drugs. Here, to increase our understanding of the interaction of CV-A16 with the host cell, we analyzed changes in the proteome of 16HBE cells in response to CV-A16 using tandem mass tag (TMT) in combination with LC‒MS/MS. There were 6615 proteins quantified, and 172 proteins showed a significant alteration during CV-A16 infection. These differentially regulated proteins were involved in fundamental biological processes and signaling pathways, including metabolic processes, cytokine‒cytokine receptor interactions, B-cell receptor signaling pathways, and neuroactive ligand‒receptor interactions. Further bioinformatics analysis revealed the characteristics of the protein domains and subcellular localization of these differentially expressed proteins. Then, to validate the proteomics data, 3 randomly selected proteins exhibited consistent changes in protein expression with the TMT results using Western blotting and immunofluorescence methods. Finally, among these differentially regulated proteins, we primarily focused on HMGB1 based on its potential effects on viral replication and virus infection-induced inflammatory responses. It was demonstrated that overexpression of HMGB1 could decrease viral replication and upregulate the release of inflammatory cytokines, but deletion of HMGB1 increased viral replication and downregulated the release of inflammatory cytokines. In conclusion, the results from this study have helped further elucidate the potential molecular pathogenesis of CV-A16 based on numerous protein changes and the functions of HMGB1 Found to be involved in the processes of viral replication and inflammatory response, which may facilitate the development of new antiviral therapies as well as innovative diagnostic methods.

Fabrication of a Magnetic Porous Organic Polymer for α-Glucosidase Immobilization and Its Application in Inhibitor Screening.

The technology based on immobilized enzymes was employed to screen the constituents inhibiting disease-related enzyme activity from traditional Chinese medicine, which is expected to become an important approach of innovative drug development. Herein, the Fe3O4@POP composite with a core-shell structure was constructed for the first time with Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticles as the core, 1,3,5-tris (4-aminophenyl) benzene (TAPB) and 2,5-divinylterephthalaldehyde (DVA) as organic monomers, and used as the support for immobilizing α-glucosidase. Fe3O4@POP was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, energy-dispersive spectrometry, Fourier transform infrared, powder X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and vibrating sample magnetometry. Fe3O4@POP exhibited a distinct core-shell structure and excellent magnetic response (45.2 emu g-1). α-Glucosidase was covalently immobilized on core-shell Fe3O4@POP magnetic nanoparticles using glutaraldehyde as the cross-linking agent. The immobilized α-glucosidase possessed improved pH stability and thermal stability as well as good storage stability and reusability. More importantly, the immobilized enzyme exhibited a lower Km value and enhanced affinity for the substrate than the free one. The immobilized α-glucosidase was subsequently used for inhibitor screening from 18 traditional Chinese medicines in combination with capillary electrophoresis analysis among which Rhodiola rosea exhibited the highest enzyme inhibitory activity. These positive results demonstrated that such magnetic POP-based core-shell nanoparticles were a promising carrier for enzyme immobilization and the screening strategy based on immobilized enzyme provided an effective way to rapidly explore the targeted active compounds from medicinal plants.

Association between retinol intake and periodontal health in US adults.

BACKGROUND: Inflammation and oxidative stress are two hallmarks of periodontitis. Retinol is an antioxidant and suppresses expression of pro-inflammatory factors. However, the evidence for an association between retinol intake and periodontitis is limited. Thus, the aim of this study is to assess the association between retinol intake and periodontal health. METHODS: Data used in this cross-sectional study from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2009-2014 (n = 9081). Dietary intake of retinol was measured based on two 24-h dietary recall interviews. The category of periodontitis was defined by the CDC/AAP according to clinical periodontal parameters. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were applied to investigate the relationship between retinol intake and the risk of periodontitis. RESULTS: Compared with the lowest tertile, individuals in the highest tertile of retinol intake were less likely to be periodontitis (ORtertile3vs1 = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.96). The association was still significant in populations who were less than 60 years old (ORtertile3vs1 = 0.80, 95% CI: 0.65-0.97), non-Hispanic black (ORtertile3vs1 = 0.62, 95% CI: 0.42-0.94), PI ≤ 1.3 (ORtertile3vs1 = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.55-0.93), 1.3 < PI ≤ 3.5 (ORtertile3vs1 = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.55-0.89), non-smoker (ORtertile3vs1 = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.48-0.81), obesity (ORtertile3vs1 = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.49-0.94) and who had not diabetes mellitus (ORtertile3vs1 = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.65-0.95) or had hypertension (ORtertile3vs1 = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.47-0.84). CONCLUSION: Retinol intake is inversely associated with poor periodontal health in US adults.

Novel Strategy to Drive the Intracellular Uptake of Lipid Nanoparticles for Photodynamic Therapy.

Nanoparticles' uptake by cancer cells upon reaching the tumor microenvironment is often the rate-limiting step in cancer nanomedicine. Herein, we report that the inclusion of aminopolycarboxylic acid conjugated lipids, such as EDTA- or DTPA-hexadecylamide lipids in liposome-like porphyrin nanoparticles (PS) enhanced their intracellular uptake by 25-fold, which was attributed to these lipids' ability to fluidize the cell membrane in a detergent-like manner rather than by metal chelation of EDTA or DTPA. EDTA-lipid-incorporated-PS (ePS) take advantage of its unique active uptake mechanism to achieve >95 % photodynamic therapy (PDT) cell killing compared to <5 % cell killing by PS. In multiple tumor models, ePS demonstrated fast fluorescence-enabled tumor delineation within minutes post-injection and increased PDT potency (100 % survival rate) compared to PS (60 %). This study offers a new nanoparticle cellular uptake strategy to overcome challenges associated with conventional drug delivery.

Nanostructure-Driven Indocyanine Green Dimerization Generates Ultra-Stable Phototheranostics Nanoparticles.

Indocyanine green (ICG) is the only near-infrared (NIR) dye approved for clinical use. Despite its versatility in photonic applications and potential for photothermal therapy, its photobleaching hinders its application. Here we discovered a nanostructure of dimeric ICG (Nano-dICG) generated by using ICG to stabilize nanoemulsions, after which ICG enabled complete dimerization on the nanoemulsion shell, followed by J-aggregation of ICG-dimer, resulting in a narrow, red-shifted (780 nm→894 nm) and intense (≈2-fold) absorbance. Compared to ICG, Nano-dICG demonstrated superior photothermal conversion (2-fold higher), significantly reduced photodegradation (-9.6 % vs. -46.3 %), and undiminished photothermal effect (7 vs. 2 cycles) under repeated irradiations, in addition to excellent colloidal and structural stabilities. Following intravenous injection, Nano-dICG enabled real-time tracking of its delivery to mouse tumors within 24 h by photoacoustic imaging at NIR wavelength (890 nm) distinct from the endogenous signal to guide effective photothermal therapy. The unprecedented finding of nanostructure-driven ICG dimerization leads to an ultra-stable phototheranostic platform.

Prolonged Circulating Lipid Nanoparticles Enabled by High-Density Gd-DTPA-Bis(stearylamide) for Long-Lasting Enhanced Tumor Magnetic Resonance Imaging.

Porphysomes (PS) were explored to incorporate different types of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic-acid-gadolinium-(III) (Gd-DTPA)-lipids into their bilayer membrane to assess PS potential as an MRI contrast agent. The Gd-dPS-BSA by integration of over 30% Gd-DTPA-bis(stearylamide) (Gd-DTPA-BSA)-lipids in PS construction resulted in exceptional serum stability and T1 and T2 relaxivity measurements of 13 mM-1 s-1 and 19 mM-1 s-1, respectively. The Gd-dPS-BSA demonstrated significantly enhanced retention in blood circulation with a half-life of 13.6 h and high tumor accumulation up to 19.5%ID/g at 72 h post-injection in select cancer mouse models. Additionally, Gd-dPS-BSA displayed excellent MRI tumor enhancement over 24, 48, and 72 h with contrast enhancements from the baseline of 35.8%, 38.2%, and 38.3%, respectively. Results reported here highlight a high-density incorporation of Gd-DTPA-BSA-lipids within PS, and other liposome formulations can enhance circulatory longevity, independently of particles' concentration, suggesting effective MRI contrast agent potential for Gd-dPS-BSA and potential utility of Gd-DTPA-BSA-lipids to enhance other liposomal-influenced diagnostic and therapeutic functions.

A rare case of residual root myiasis caused by Clogmia albipunctata larvae (Diptera: Psychodidae).

BACKGROUND: Dental injury caused by caries and trauma is the main cause of residual roots. Food trapped in the residual roots is difficult to clean. If the residual roots are not treated and cared for in time, flies can take advantage as soon as hygiene slips. Here, we present a rare case of human residual root myiasis caused by Clogmia albipunctata larvae, never previously reported. CASE PRESENTATION: A 26-year-old lady found two active, living larvae in her mouth while brushing her teeth. She did not present with fever, pain and any uncomfortable oral feeling. The intraoral examination revealed the right second mandibular molar was severely damaged as a result of caries, leaving a residual tooth root. The mucosa above it was mildly erythematous and edematous. No larvae and no inflamed gums were observed in her mouth. When normal saline was used to flush the area of the residual root with a syringe, four larvae appeared from the residual root. The larvae were observed by naked eye and under a light microscope. They were identified as the mature stage larvae of Clogmia albipunctata. Because the patient was in lactation, medication was not recommended. Treatment included the removal of all visible larvae followed by flushing the residual root with normal saline three times a day. The patient was followed-up weekly for one month. No more larvae were found and the erythematous and edematous mucosa healed completely. CONCLUSIONS: The existence of a residual root can result in residual root myiasis. Myiasis caused by Clogmia albipunctata larvae or other fly larvae should be considered in cases of residual root infection.

Path-related pain after implantation of anterior transvaginal mesh: perspective from anatomical study.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a common gynecological disease caused by defects in pelvic support tissue that manifests as the descent of the pelvic organs, significantly impacting patient quality of life. Transvaginal mesh (TVM) is an effective treatment (Grade A). However, postoperative pain in the groin and medial thigh is very common. Although the use of mesh for transvaginal POP repair has been prohibited or the indications for such use have been extensively limited in many places, it is still an alternative in some countries. Therefore, the safety of the use of mesh still needs to be discussed. The current research on postoperative pain has mainly focused on management. The pathophysiology is unclear. METHODS: In this study, anterior TVM surgery was performed on ten frozen cadavers. The obturator area was carefully dissected. We explored the relative position of the polypropylene mesh to the internal segment of the obturator nerve in the obturator canal. RESULTS: Four out of 20 obturator explorations were insufficient to allow conclusions to be drawn. We observed a small branch of the obturator nerve, which is a new anatomical finding that we named the obturator externus muscle branch. This structure terminated in the external obturator muscle in 6 out of the 16 successfully dissected obturator areas. The mean distance between the superficial mesh arm and this nerve branch was 7.5 mm. The mean distance between the deep mesh arm and the closest nerve branch was 5.5 mm. CONCLUSION: The path of the obturator externus muscle branch of the obturator nerve ran close to the mesh arm. It may provide a clinical anatomical basis explaining the observed postoperative pain.

Cellulose filter paper immobilized α-glucosidase and its application to screening inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicine.

In this study, α-glucosidase was successfully immobilized on cellulose filter paper and further applied to screening inhibitors from traditional Chinese medicines combined with capillary electrophoresis analysis. For α-glucosidase immobilization, a cellulose filter paper was used as the carrier and grafted with amino groups by coating chitosan, then α-glucosidase was covalently bonded on the amino-modified carrier via epoxy ring-opening reaction using polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether as the crosslinker. Several parameters influencing the enzyme immobilization were optimized and the optimal values were enzyme concentration of 4 U/mL, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether concentration of 1.25%, chitosan concentration of 7.5 mg/mL, immobilization pH 7.0, crosslinking time of 4 h and immobilization time of 2 h. The immobilized α-glucosidase exhibited good batch-to-batch reproducibility (RSD = 2.1%, n = 5), excellent storage stability (73.5% of its initial activity after being stored at 4°C for 15 days), and reusability (75% of its initial activity after 10 repeated cycles). The Michaelis constant of immobilized α-glucosidase and half-maximal inhibitory concentration of acarbose were calculated to be 1.12 mM and 0.38 µM, respectively. Finally, the immobilized α-glucosidase was used for screening inhibitors from 14 kinds of Traditional Chinese Medicine extracts, and Sanguisorbae Radix showed the strongest inhibitory effect on α-glucosidase.

The dose threshold for nanoparticle tumour delivery.

Nanoparticle delivery to solid tumours over the past ten years has stagnated at a median of 0.7% of the injected dose. Varying nanoparticle designs and strategies have yielded only minor improvements. Here we discovered a dose threshold for improving nanoparticle tumour delivery: 1 trillion nanoparticles in mice. Doses above this threshold overwhelmed Kupffer cell uptake rates, nonlinearly decreased liver clearance, prolonged circulation and increased nanoparticle tumour delivery. This enabled up to 12% tumour delivery efficiency and delivery to 93% of cells in tumours, and also improved the therapeutic efficacy of Caelyx/Doxil. This threshold was robust across different nanoparticle types, tumour models and studies across ten years of the literature. Our results have implications for human translation and highlight a simple, but powerful, principle for designing nanoparticle cancer treatments.

Dopamine-polyethyleneimine co-deposition of a capillary for α-glucosidase immobilization and its application in enzyme inhibitor screening.

An online method based on CE was established to screen α-glucosidase inhibitors from traditional Tibetan medicine extracts. First, the inner wall at the inlet of capillary column was simply and effectively functionalized by dopamine-polyethyleneimine co-deposition method, which combines the adhesion property of dopamine and easy cationization of polyethyleneimine. Then α-glucosidase was rapidly immobilized on the inner wall of the capillary column by electrostatic adsorption. The inter- and intraday repeatability of the peak area of the enzymatic reaction product (p-nitrophenol) in a capillary was evaluated, and RSD% (n = 3) was 0.94% and 1.09%, respectively. Good batch-to-batch reproducibility of the peak area between different capillaries (RSD = 2.1%, n = 5) shows that the preparation method has good reproducibility. The Michaelis-Menten constant of the immobilized α-glucosidase was measured to be 1.18 mM, and the capillary column enzyme reactor retained 85.9% of initial activity after 30 cycles. Finally, it was applied to the screening of enzyme inhibitors in 20 traditional Tibetan medicine extracts. Sixteen medicines with inhibitory activity were screened out, and Rheum australe had the strongest inhibitory effect with an inhibitory rate of 83.3 ± 0.4%. These results showed that this method is effective to find potential enzyme inhibitors.

Studies on Hydrophobic Silica/Silicone Rubber Composite Microspheres with Dual-Size Microstructures.

In this study, a series of microsphere composites were prepared by the hydrosilylation of nanospherical SiO2 and silicon rubber microspheres. The influence of different host-guest size ratios on the wettability of the SiO2/silicone rubber composite microspheres was explored. The structures and performance of the composite microspheres were investigated using scanning electron microscopy and contact angle testing. The results showed that the prepared SiO2/silicone rubber composite microspheres had a raspberry-like structure and exhibited a rose petal effect. When the SiO2 content was 30%, the water contact angle of the SiO2/silicone rubber composite microspheres reached a maximum, and 30% was used as the optimal ratio for compounding SiO2 having different particle diameters with silicone rubber microspheres. Wettability calculations and analyses were performed for the surface with the composite microspheres. The results indicated that the structure with dual-size roughness could significantly improve surface hydrophobicity. As the ratio of the host-guest size increased, the contact angle of the water phase also increased. However, the surface structures of the composite microspheres were not uniform because of the surface chemical composition and the uncontrollable distribution of the small spheres on the surface of the large spheres during compounding. As a result, water droplets appeared in the Cassie-impregnated state on the composite microsphere particle coating, resulting in the phenomenon of high hydrophobicity and high adhesion.

Porphyrin-lipid stabilized paclitaxel nanoemulsion for combined photodynamic therapy and chemotherapy.

BACKGROUND: Porphyrin-lipids are versatile building blocks that enable cancer theranostics and have been applied to create several multimodal nanoparticle platforms, including liposome-like porphysome (aqueous-core), porphyrin nanodroplet (liquefied gas-core), and ultrasmall porphyrin lipoproteins. Here, we used porphyrin-lipid to stabilize the water/oil interface to create porphyrin-lipid nanoemulsions with paclitaxel loaded in the oil core (PLNE-PTX), facilitating combination photodynamic therapy (PDT) and chemotherapy in one platform. RESULTS: PTX (3.1 wt%) and porphyrin (18.3 wt%) were loaded efficiently into PLNE-PTX, forming spherical core-shell nanoemulsions with a diameter of 120 nm. PLNE-PTX demonstrated stability in systemic delivery, resulting in high tumor accumulation (~ 5.4 ID %/g) in KB-tumor bearing mice. PLNE-PTX combination therapy inhibited tumor growth (78%) in an additive manner, compared with monotherapy PDT (44%) or chemotherapy (46%) 16 days post-treatment. Furthermore, a fourfold reduced PTX dose (1.8 mg PTX/kg) in PLNE-PTX combination therapy platform demonstrated superior therapeutic efficacy to Taxol at a dose of 7.2 mg PTX/kg, which can reduce side effects. Moreover, the intrinsic fluorescence of PLNE-PTX enabled real-time tracking of nanoparticles to the tumor, which can help inform treatment planning. CONCLUSION: PLNE-PTX combining PDT and chemotherapy in a single platform enables superior anti-tumor effects and holds potential to reduce side effects associated with monotherapy chemotherapy. The inherent imaging modality of PLNE-PTX enables real-time tracking and permits spatial and temporal regulation to improve cancer treatment.

α-Glucosidase immobilization on polydopamine-coated cellulose filter paper and enzyme inhibitor screening.

Immobilized enzyme has been gradually applied to the screening of enzyme inhibitors owing to its retained catalytic activity and reusability. In this work, the cheap and available cellulose filter paper (CFP) was used as a carrier for the immobilization of α-glucosidase (α-Glu). In virtue of the self-polymerization-adhesion behavior of dopamine, CFP was coated with a polydopamine composite layer and then α-glucosidase is covalently bound to the modified CFP through Schiff base reaction and Michael addition reaction. Combined with capillary electrophoresis (CE) analysis, enzyme reaction kinetics, inhibition kinetics and other performance of the prepared immobilized enzyme (CFP/Dopa/α-Glu) were examined and verified. Its Michaelis constant (Km) was calculated to be 0.83 mM. And the inhibition constant (Ki) and half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) for acarbose were determined to be 0.16 and 0.17 µM, respectively. CFP/Dopa/α-Glu had the same optimum working pH value (7.0) as free α-Glu and slightly higher working temperature (65 °C) than free α-Glu. In addition, it exhibited good batch-to-batch reproducibility with an RSD value of 4.4% (n = 10), and excellent reusability with 71% of the initial enzyme activity after being recycled 11 times. Finally, the CFP/Dopa/α-Glu was applied to screen α-glucosidase inhibitors from 11 traditional Chinese medicines, and Terminalia chebula possessed the strongest inhibition effect on α-glucosidase.

Preparation and Characterization of Microemulsions Based on Antarctic Krill Oil.

Antarctic krill oil is high in nutritional value and has biological functions like anti-inflammation and hypolipidemic effects. But it has and unpleasant smell, and unsaturated fatty acids are prone to oxidative deterioration. Its high viscosity and low solubility in water make it difficult for processing. Microemulsion can be a new promising route for development of krill oil product. We determined a formula of krill oil-in-water microemulsion with krill oil: isopropyl myristate = 1:3 as oil phase, Tween 80:Span 80 = 8:2 as surfactant, ethanol as co-surfactant and the mass ratio of surfactant to co-surfactant of 3:1. After screening the formula, we researched several characteristics of the prepared oil-in-water microemulsion, including electrical conductivity, microstructure by transmission electron microscope and cryogenic transmission electron microscope, droplet size analysis, rheological properties, thermal behavior by differential scanning calorimeter and stability against pH, salinity, and storage time.

Stable J-Aggregation of an aza-BODIPY-Lipid in a Liposome for Optical Cancer Imaging.

Organic building blocks are the centerpieces of "one-for-all" nanoparticle development. Herein, we report the synthesis of a novel aza-BODIPY-lipid building block and its self-assembly into a liposomal nanoparticle (BODIPYsome). We observed optically stable NIR J-aggregation within the BODIPYsome that is likely attributed to J-dimerization. BODIPYsomes with cholesterol showed enhanced colloidal stability while maintaining a high extinction coefficient (128 mm-1 cm-1 ) and high fluorescence quenching (99.70±0.09 %), which enables photoacoustic (PA) properties from its intact structure and recovered NIR fluorescence properties when it is disrupted in cancer cells. Finally, its capabilities for optical imaging (PA/fluorescence) were observed in an orthotopic prostate tumor mouse model 24 h after intravenous administration. Overall, the BODIPYsome opens the door for engineering new building blocks in the design of optically stable biophotonic imaging agents.

Separation of chiral compounds using magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer nanoparticles as stationary phase by microchip capillary electrochromatography.

In this work, a simple and rapid approach was developed for separation and detection of chiral compounds based on a magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer modified poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) microchip coupled with electrochemical detection. Molecularly imprinted polymers were prepared employing Fe3 O4 nanoparticles (NPs) as the supporting substrate and norepinephrine as the functional monomer in the presence of template molecule in a weak alkaline solution. After extracting the embedded template molecules, Fe3 O4 @polynorepinephrine NPs (MIP-Fe3 O4 @PNE NPs) showed specific molecular recognition selectivity and high affinity towards the template molecule, which were then used as stationary phase of microchip capillary electrochromatography for chiral compounds separation. Mandelic acid and histidine enantiomers were used as model compounds to test the chiral stationary phase. By using R-mandelic acid as the template molecule, mandelic acid enantiomer was effectively separated and detected on the MIP-Fe3 O4 @PNE NPs modified PDMS microchip. Moreover, the successful separation of histidine enantiomers on the MIP-Fe3 O4 @PNE NPs modified microchip using L-histidine as template molecule was also achieved.

Magnetic boronate modified molecularly imprinted polymers on magnetite microspheres modified with porous TiO2 (Fe3O4@pTiO2@MIP) with enhanced adsorption capacity for glycoproteins and with wide operational pH range.

Boronate-affinity based molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) are beset by the unsatisfied adsorption capacity and narrow working pH ranges. A magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer containing phenylboronic acid groups was placed on the surface of Fe3O4 (magnetite) microspheres coated with porous TiO2 (Fe3O4@pTiO2@MIP). In contrast to its silica analog (Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP), the flowerlike Fe3O4@pTiO2 offers more binding sites for templates. Thus, the adsorption capacity of the Fe3O4@pTiO2@MIP is strongly enhanced. The strong electron-withdrawing effects of Ti(IV) enable the boronic acid of the MIP to have better affinity for glycoproteins at a wide pH range from 6.0 to 9.0. Consequently, the Fe3O4@pTiO2@MIP exhibits higher adsorption for glycoproteins than Fe3O4@SiO2@MIP in both basic and acidic medium. The Fe3O4@pTiO2@MIPs were eluted with 5% acetic acid aqueous solution containing 30% acetonitrile, and the eluate was analyzed by MALDI-TOF MS. The method was applied to the selective extraction and quantitation of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) in spiked fetal bovine serum (FBS). The linear range is 0.40-10 µg·mL-1 with the limit of detection of 0.31 µg·mL-1. In our perception, this work has a wide scope in that is paves the way to a more widespread application of boronate affinity based MIPs for analysis of glycoproteins and related glyco compounds even at moderately acidic pH values. Graphical abstract Schematic presentation of the magnetic boronate modified molecularly imprinted polymer on magnetic spheres modified with porous TiO2 (Fe3O4@pTiO2@MIP). It was applied to extract glycoprotein in spiked both basic fetal bovine serum (FBS) and acidic urine samples prior to quantitation by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry.

One-step preparation and application of mussel-inspired poly(norepinephrine)-coated polydimethylsiloxane microchip for separation of chiral compounds.

In this paper, using the self-polymerization of norepinephrine (NE) and its favorable film-forming property, a simple and green preparation approach was developed to modify a PDMS channel for enantioseparation of chiral compounds. After the PDMS microchip was filled with NE solution, poly(norepinephrine) (PNE) film was gradually formed and deposited on the inner wall of microchannel as permanent coating via the oxidation of NE by the oxygen dissolved in the solution. Due to possessing plentiful catechol and amine functional groups, the PNE-coated PDMS microchip exhibited much better wettability, more stable and suppressed EOF, and less nonspecific adsorption. The water contact angle and EOF of PNE-coated PDMS substrate were measured to be 13° and 1.68 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , compared to those of 108° and 2.24 × 10(-4) cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) from the untreated one, respectively. Different kinds of chiral compounds, such as amino acid enantiomer, drug enantiomer, and peptide enantiomer were efficiently separated utilizing a separation length of 37 mm coupled with in-column amperometric detection on the PNE-coated PDMS microchips. This facile mussel-inspired PNE-based microchip system exhibited strong recognition ability, high-performance, admirable reproducibility, and stability, which may have potential use in the complex biological analysis.