Preparation, characterization and application of a new stir bar sorptive extraction based on poly(vinylphthalimide-co-N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) monolith.

In this study, a new stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) coating based on poly(vinylphthalimide-co-N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide) monolith (SBSE-VPMB) was prepared. The influences of the contents of monomer in polymerization mixture and the percentage of porogen solvent on the extraction performance were investigated thoroughly. Several characteristic techniques, such as elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and infrared spectroscopy, were used to characterize the monolithic material. The analysis of oxfendazole (OFZ) and mebendazole (MBZ) in milk and honey samples by the combination of SBSE with HPLC with diode array detection was selected as paradigms for the practical evaluation of the new coating. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the limits of detection (S/N=3) for OFZ and MBZ were 0.23-0.60 µg/L in milk and 0.24-1.08 µg/L in honey, respectively. The method also showed good linearity, repeatability, high feasibility and acceptable recoveries for real samples. At the same time, the extraction performance and the distribution coefficients (K(VPMB/W)) of OFZ and MBZ on SBSE-VPMB were compared with other SBSEs based on porous monoliths and commercial SBSE.

Detection of Aß-interacting proteins via a novel Aß-adsorbents that use immobilized regular comb polymer.

A detailed study of individual Aß-interacting proteins has always been a difficult task because Aß has a wide range of molecular weights and can easily form aggregates. In this study, we established a novel method for isolating Aß-interacting proteins by utilizing regular comb polymer immobilized on Sepharose CL-4B. To achieve site-directed ligation of Aß, a cysteine residue was added at the N-terminus of Aß. Asp and Asp12, which have 2 and 13 carboxyl groups, respectively, were selected as the carriers for the regular comb polymer. Firstly, the N-termini of Asp and Asp12 were immobilized on Sepharose CL-4B. Next, modified Aß molecules were coupled to the carboxyl groups of Asp and Asp12 using bromoethylamine as a spacer. To obtain homogeneous comb polymer, the efficiency of the reaction was controlled during the synthesis process. Thioflavin T staining indicated that homogeneous Aß was achieved. The prepared Aß-adsorbents were used to isolate Aß-interacting proteins from mice brain extracts. The results showed that the adsorption capacity of the Aß-adsorbents for proteins in mice brain extracts increased with the ages of the animals. SDS-PAGE analysis of the Aß-interacting proteins showed that many kinds of brain proteins were selectively adsorbed by the Aß adsorbents, and the levels of some of these proteins varied with the ages of the animals. The results indicated that Aß-interacting proteins could be successfully obtained through the use of immobilized comb polymer. Similar method could also be used to isolate other amyloid-interacting proteins.

Preparation of stir cake sorptive extraction based on poly(4-vinylbenzoic acid-divinylbenzene) monolith and its application in sensitive determination of ß-agonists in milk and swine urine samples.

In this study, a new stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE) based on poly(4-vinylbenzoic acid-divinylbenzene) (VBADB) monolith was prepared. The effect of preparation conditions of monolith on extraction efficiencies was investigated in detail. Several characteristic techniques, such as elemental analysis, infrared spectroscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the monolithic material. The combination of SCSE-VBADB with high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC/MS/MS) detection was developed for sensitive determination of ultra-trace ß-agonists in milk and swine urine samples. In order to obtain the optimal extraction conditions of SCSE-VBADB for ß-agonists, several extractive parameters, including pH values and ionic strength in sample matrix, extraction and desorption time were optimized. Under the optimum conditions, the limits of detection (S/N=3) for the target analytes were 0.007-0.030 µg/L in milk and 0.002-0.011 µg/L in swine urine, respectively. Excellent method reproducibility was achieved in terms of intraday and interday precisions, indicated by the RSDs of both <10.0%, respectively. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used to detect ß-agonists in different milk and swine urines samples. Acceptable recoveries ranged from 50.3% to 113% and 50.1% to 92.2% for milk and swine urine samples, respectively; and the RSDs for reproducibility were less than 8.0% for target analytes in all real samples.

Preparation of a new polymeric ionic liquid-based monolith for stir cake sorptive extraction and its application in the extraction of inorganic anions.

In this study, a novel stir cake sorptive extraction (SCSE) sorbent based on polymeric ionic liquid-based monolith (PILM) for the extraction of inorganic anions was prepared. In the presence of a porogen solvent containing 1-propanol and dimethylformamid, an ionic liquid, 1-ally-3-methylimidazolium chloride was used as monomer to copolymerize in situ with ethylene dimethacrylate to form PILM. The effect of preparation conditions such as ratio of functional monomer to cross-linker, content of porogenic solvent on the extraction efficiencies were investigated in detail. The PILM was characterized by elemental analysis, scanning electron microscopy, mercury intrusion porosimetry and infrared spectroscopy. In order to investigate the extraction capacity of PILM-SCSE for inorganic anions, the SCSE was combined with ion chromatography with conductivity detection, F(-), Cl(-), NO(2)(-), Br(-), NO(3)(-), PO(4)(3-) and SO(4)(2-) were selected as detected solutes. Several extractive parameters, including pH values in sample matrix, desorption solvent, extraction and desorption time were optimized. The results showed that under the optimum experimental conditions, low detection limits (S/N=3) and quantification limits (S/N=10) of the proposed method for the target anions were achieved within the range of 0.11-2.08 and 0.37-6.88 µg/L, respectively. The method also showed good linearity, simplicity, practicality and low cost for the extraction inorganic anions. Finally, the proposed method was successfully used to detect different water samples include commercial purified water, tab water and river water. Acceptable recoveries and satisfactory repeatability were obtained. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to use polymeric ionic liquid to enrich inorganic anions.