RESUMO
The second part of this publication deals with varicella zoster virus (VZV) and presents an overview of new, rare, and atypical clinical manifestations, including photolocalized varicella, hemorrhagic bullae during varicella, the implication of VZV in immunoglobulin A vasculitis, VZV-related alopecia, ulcerative varicella skin lesions, childhood herpes zoster (HZ), prolonged prodromal pains, recurrent HZ, VZV implication in burning mouth syndrome, verruciform VZV lesions, the significance of satellite lesions during HZ, and late HZ complications, either neurological or internal. Furthermore, certain associations between the occurrence of HZ and subsequent internal pathologies, as well as risk factors for HZ and new developments in vaccination against HZ will be addressed.
Assuntos
Herpesvirus Humano 3/patogenicidade , Infecção pelo Vírus da Varicela-Zoster/virologia , Adulto , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Citosina/análogos & derivados , Citosina/uso terapêutico , Vacina contra Herpes Zoster/uso terapêutico , Humanos , Lactente , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Organofosfonatos/uso terapêutico , Nucleosídeos de Pirimidina/uso terapêutico , Recidiva , Fatores de Risco , Infecção pelo Vírus da Varicela-Zoster/diagnóstico , Infecção pelo Vírus da Varicela-Zoster/tratamento farmacológico , VirulênciaRESUMO
This review on herpes simplex virus type I and type II (HSVI, HSVII) summarizes recent developments in clinical manifestations and treatment interventions for primary and recurrent orolabial and genital herpes, as well as those regarding vaccination issues. Among the clinical presentations, the relationship between pyogenic granuloma and chronic HSVI infection; HSV-related folliculitis; verrucous HSVI and HSVII lesions; the role of recurrent HSVI infection in burning mouth syndrome; HSVI and HSVII infection of the periareolar area; zosteriform HSV; the "knife-cut sign"; and the preferential colonization and infection of preexisting dermatoses by HSVI or HSVII are discussed. The usual antiviral treatment regimens for primary and recurrent orolabial and genital herpes are compared to short-term and one-day treatment options. New anti-HSVI and anti-HSVII agents include amenavir, pritelivir, brincidofovir, valomaciclovir, and FV-100. Therapeutic or preventive vaccination against HSVI and HSVII infections still remains a highly desirable treatment aim, which, unfortunately, has no clinically relevant applications to date.
Assuntos
Herpes Simples/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/patogenicidade , Herpesvirus Humano 2/patogenicidade , Aciclovir/uso terapêutico , Antivirais/uso terapêutico , Síndrome da Ardência Bucal/diagnóstico , Síndrome da Ardência Bucal/tratamento farmacológico , Síndrome da Ardência Bucal/virologia , Herpes Genital/diagnóstico , Herpes Genital/tratamento farmacológico , Herpes Genital/virologia , Herpes Labial/diagnóstico , Herpes Labial/tratamento farmacológico , Herpes Labial/virologia , Herpes Simples/diagnóstico , Herpes Simples/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto , Recidiva , Estomatite Herpética/diagnóstico , Estomatite Herpética/tratamento farmacológico , Estomatite Herpética/virologia , Vacinação , Virulência , Zoster Sine Herpete/diagnóstico , Zoster Sine Herpete/tratamento farmacológico , Zoster Sine Herpete/virologiaRESUMO
This review on herpes simplex virus type I and type II (HSV-I, HSV-II) summarizes recent developments in clinical manifestations and treatment interventions for primary and recurrent orolabial and genital herpes, as well as those regarding vaccination issues. Among the clinical presentations, the relationship between pyogenic granuloma and chronic HSV-I infection; HSV-related folliculitis; verrucous HSV-I and HSV-II lesions; the role of recurrent HSV-I infection in burning mouth syndrome; HSV-I and HSV-II infection of the periareolar area; zosteriform HSV; the "knife-cut sign"; and the preferential colonization and infection of preexisting dermatoses by HSV-I or HSV-II are discussed. The usual antiviral treatment regimens for primary and recurrent orolabial and genital herpes are compared to short-term and one-day treatment options. New anti-HSV-I and anti-HSV-II agents include amenavir, pritelivir, brincidofovir, valomaciclovir, and FV-100. Therapeutic or preventive vaccination against HSV-I and HSV-II infections still remains a highly desirable treatment aim, which, unfortunately, has no clinically relevant applications to date.
Assuntos
Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Herpes Genital/diagnóstico , Herpes Genital/terapia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/isolamento & purificação , Herpesvirus Humano 2/isolamento & purificação , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Humanos , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
The second part of this publication deals with varicella zoster virus (VZV) and presents an overview of new, rare, and atypical clinical manifestations, including photolocalized varicella, hemorrhagic bullae during varicella, the implication of VZV in immunoglobulin A vasculitis, VZV-related alopecia, ulcerative varicella skin lesions, childhood herpes zoster (HZ), prolonged prodromal pains, recurrent HZ, VZV implication in burning mouth syndrome, verruciform VZV lesions, the significance of satellite lesions during HZ, and late HZ complications, either neurological or internal. Furthermore, certain associations between the occurrence of HZ and subsequent internal pathologies, as well as risk factors for HZ and new developments in vaccination against HZ will be addressed.
Assuntos
Antivirais/administração & dosagem , Herpes Zoster/diagnóstico , Herpes Zoster/terapia , Herpesvirus Humano 3/isolamento & purificação , Dermatopatias Virais/diagnóstico , Dermatopatias Virais/terapia , Vacinas Virais/administração & dosagem , Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Herpes Zoster/virologia , Humanos , Dermatopatias Virais/virologia , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Dental extraction is reported to trigger recurrent herpes labialis (RHL). AIM: This aims to prospectively study the clinical occurrence of RHL and the oral herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) viral shedding before and 3 days after different dental procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Oral HSV-1 DNA was measured by real-time PCR before and 3 days after dental procedures of the inferior dentition in 57 immunocompetent patients (mean age 32.4 years) who were selected and divided into four distinct subgroups (dental inspection without anesthesia, n = 19; dental filling under local anesthesia, n = 14; molar extraction under local anesthesia, n = 15; and molar extraction under general anesthesia, n = 9) and compared to 32 healthy controls (mean age 33 years). RESULTS: None of the patients suffered from RHL at day 3. Oral HSV-1 DNA was detected before and after procedure in 1.7 % (1/57) and 5.3 % (3/57), respectively [dental inspection without anesthesia, 5.3 % (1/19); molar extraction under local anesthesia, 6.7 % (1/15); and molar extraction under general anesthesia, 11 % (1/9)]. None of the controls presented RHL or detectable oral HSV-1 DNA. There was no statistically significant difference between the study groups and controls. CONCLUSION: Molar extraction increases the risk of oral HSV-1 shedding but not of RHL. Procedure-related nerve damage probably accounts for HSV reactivation. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Antiviral prophylaxis for RHL is not routinely recommended for dental procedures, regardless of a prior history of RHL.