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INTRODUCTION: Self-medication, particularly for oral and dental health problems, stands as a significant health and social concern. Therefore, the current systematic review and meta-analysis study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and underlying causes of self-medication for oral and dental health problems. METHOD: Articles published until August 30, 2023, were searched in Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. A manual search was also done in Google Scholar, references, citations, and Gray literature. The screening of articles was done independently by two members of the research team. The quality of reporting in the articles was evaluated using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist For Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Meta-analysis was performed using the fixed effects model in Stata software (StataCorp, version 16). RESULTS: The results of 37 studies involving 12,110 participants with a mean age of 32 years and 48% male were analyzed. Most of the studies were conducted in low- and middle-income countries. The overall prevalence of self-medication was estimated at 59% [95%CI: 55-63%], with 58% [95% CI: 53-63%] among dental patients, and 60% [95% CI: 52-67%] in the general public. Analgesics (60%) and antibiotics (19%) were the most commonly used drug categories. In terms of the mean proportion, having previous experience, unbearable pain, and lack of time had the highest percentages, and in terms of the number of repetitions among the reviewed articles, economic problems, lack of time, and limited access were the most repeated reasons. The most significant related factors in self-treatment were female gender, higher education, and occupation. Pharmacies were the primary source of self-treatment medications. CONCLUSION: The results showed a very high prevalence of self-medication for oral health problems, necessitating prompt and effective interventions. It is recommended to focus on regulating the consumption of analgesics and antibiotics, addressing financial issues, and overseeing the pharmacy operations.
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Automedicação , Humanos , Doenças da Boca/tratamento farmacológico , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Prevalência , Automedicação/estatística & dados numéricosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous research has investigated the connection between sublingual varices (SV) and cardiovascular disease, aging, and smoking. However, it is still unclear whether arterial hypertension affects the presence of SV. This meta-analysis aimed to investigate the relationship between hypertension and the presence of SV. METHODS: The literature search was performed using PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, Google Scholar, and Embase for cross-sectional studies until July 2023. PRISMA guidelines were used for article selection. A meta-analysis using standardized mean differences by a random effects model was conducted to pool studies. RESULTS: A total of 568 articles were retrieved, of which twelve were included in the meta-analysis. Cumulatively, 2543 samples in the case group (1185 with hypertension) and 3897 samples (821 with hypertension) were studied in the control group. Using the random effects model, the pooled odds ratio (OR) revealed a significant association between hypertension and sublingual varices (OR = 2.66; 95% CI: 1.69-4.18). CONCLUSION: The meta-analysis showed a significant and positive association between sublingual varices and hypertension. SV's presence could be used by dentists as a non-invasive indicator of hypertension screening.
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Hipertensão , Varizes , Humanos , Hipertensão/complicações , Varizes/complicações , Soalho Bucal/irrigação sanguíneaRESUMO
Streptococcus mutans is a main organism of tooth infections including tooth decay and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of sucrose and starch on biofilm formation and proteome profile of S. mutans ATCC 35668 strain. The biofilm formation was assessed by microtiter plating method. Changes in bacterial proteins after exposure to sucrose and starch carbohydrates were analyzed using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry. The biofilm formation of S. mutans was increased to 391.76% in 1% sucrose concentration, 165.76% in 1% starch, and 264.27% in the 0.5% sucrose plus 0.5% starch in comparison to biofilm formation in the media without sugars. The abundance of glutamines, adenylate kinase, and 50S ribosomal protein L29 was increased under exposure to sucrose. Upregulation of lactate utilization protein C, 5-hydroxybenzimidazole synthase BzaA, and 50S ribosomal protein L16 was formed under starch exposure. Ribosome-recycling factor, peptide chain release factor 1, and peptide methionine sulfoxide reductase MsrB were upregulated under exposure to sucrose in combination with starch. The results demonstrated that the carbohydrates increase microbial pathogenicity. In addition, sucrose and starch carbohydrates can induce biofilm formation of S. mutans via various mechanisms such as changes in the expression of special proteins.
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Amido , Sacarose , Amido/farmacologia , Amido/metabolismo , Sacarose/farmacologia , Sacarose/metabolismo , Streptococcus mutans , Proteoma/metabolismo , BiofilmesRESUMO
Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease resulting from infection of biofilm forming bacteria. Several bacterial factors regulate inflammatory response and cause to tissue damage and loss of connection between gingival and tooth. Since bacterial virulence factors and also host immune responses have role, understanding of periodontal disease is complex, in overall we can say that in this disease epithelium is deleted by bacteria. Oral spirochetes are related to periodontitis, among them, Treponema denticola, have been associated with periodontal diseases such as early-onset periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, and acute pericoronitis. This review will analyse mechanisms of pathogenesis of spirochetes in periodontitis. Microorganisms cause destruction of gingival tissue by two mechanisms. In one, damage results from the direct action of bacterial enzymes and cytotoxic products of bacterial metabolism. In the other, only bacterial components have role, and tissue destruction is the inevitable side effect of a subverted and exaggerated host inflammatory response to plaque antigens.
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Periodontite/microbiologia , Spirochaetales/classificação , Spirochaetales/patogenicidade , Adesinas Bacterianas , Periodontite Agressiva , Proteínas de Bactérias , Toxinas Bacterianas , Gengiva/microbiologia , Lipopolissacarídeos , Lipoproteínas , Spirochaetales/genética , Treponema denticola/genética , Treponema denticola/patogenicidade , Fatores de Virulência/genéticaRESUMO
Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) is a Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic bacillus that causes periodontal diseases such as localized aggressive periodontitis (LAP) and. consequently. bone resorption. The potential virulence factors of this organism are powerful leukotoxin, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), cell surface-associated materials, enzymes, and less well-defined virulence factors that will modulate the activity of the host defenses. This organism can induce bone resorption by various virulence factors in periodontal disease. In this review article, we reviewed the pathogenic roles of A. actinomycetemcomitans in periodontal disease and the mechanism which can induce bone resorption. Findings from several studies indicate that the interaction between virulence factors and the host immune system's response often progress bone resorption in periodontal disease. In this organism, GroEL, DnaK, HtpG, LTX, CDT, LPS, and cell surface-associated materials produce cytokines when exposed to the immune system. The produced cytokines are the main cause of tissue destruction and bone resorption in A. actinomycetemcomitans inflammation in periodontal disease.
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Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans/patogenicidade , Periodontite Agressiva/microbiologia , Infecções por Pasteurellaceae/imunologia , Infecções por Pasteurellaceae/microbiologia , Fatores de Virulência , Imunidade Adaptativa , Proteínas de Bactérias , Toxinas Bacterianas/imunologia , Biofilmes/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Reabsorção Óssea/microbiologia , Citocinas/metabolismo , Exotoxinas/imunologia , Exotoxinas/toxicidade , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/imunologia , Sistema Imunitário/microbiologia , Imunidade Inata , Lipopolissacarídeos/imunologia , Lipopolissacarídeos/toxicidadeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Considering the high success rate of osseoin-tegration, there is ever-increasing use of dental implants. The mechanisms and biologic response of peri-implant tissues are different depending on the biocompatibility of the implant material. The aim of this study was to compare the proinflammatory cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) around dental implants with ceramic and titanium abutments. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the patients with dental implants referring to two private offices of two prosthodontists from June to August 2016 were examined in relation to implant health, and eligible subjects, based on inclusion criteria, were included in this study with a slit-mouth design. In this context, on one side titanium implants and, on the other side, ceramic implants were used. Samples were collected from the peri-implant sulcus in each patient and sent to the immunology laboratory for determination of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-1ß proinflammatory cytokine levels using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Data were analyzed with Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 16. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The results showed lower levels of IL-1ß and IL-6 in the GCF around ceramic abutments compared with titanium implants. In addition, statistical comparison between IL-6 and IL-1ß levels showed higher levels of IL-6 around titanium and ceramic abutments compared with IL-1ß levels. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of this study, the human body immune response to ceramic abutments is much better than that to titanium implants. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Considering that proinflammatory cytokine levels in GCF around ceramic abutments are lower than titanium ones, ceramic abutments are preferred for clinical usage.
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Cerâmica , Dente Suporte , Implantes Dentários , Líquido do Sulco Gengival/química , Interleucinas/análise , Titânio , Planejamento de Prótese Dentária , HumanosRESUMO
Background: Disruption of peripheral branches of the trigeminal nerve in the field of maxillofacial surgery is a known risk due to the close connection of these branches with the bony structures of the maxilla and mandible. As a result, injuries of the lingual nerve and inferior alveolar nerve take place within routine maxillofacial surgery procedures, including local anesthetic injection, wisdom tooth surgery, and dental implant placement, resulting in paresthesia and dysesthesia. During the last three decades, low-level lasers (LLL) have been frequently used in various medical fields. Lately, this application has increased in several sectors. Methods and materials: This experiment was designed to explore the effect of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) with Nd:YAG on the paresthesia and dysesthesia of the lower lip. This ethics committee of Tbzmed, Tabriz, Iran, proved the present experiment with ethical code: IR.TBZMED.REC.1401.839. Results: After completing 10 sessions of laser therapy for the case group consisting of 25 patients with lower lip anesthesia, the visual analog scale index results revealed that following six sessions of laser therapy, a significant difference appeared in contrast to the control group. Also, according to the two-point tests, significant difference among the experimental and the control group appeared after ninth session of the laser therapy. Conclusions: Altogether, these data suggested LLLT with Nd:YAG as an effective treatment option for decreasing the anesthesia of the lower lip.
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Lasers de Estado Sólido , Terapia com Luz de Baixa Intensidade , Humanos , Parestesia/radioterapia , Lasers de Estado Sólido/uso terapêutico , Nervo Mandibular , Anestesia LocalRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The response of the host to plaque can be affected by systemic diseases like diabetes, hormonal changes, or immunological deficits, which can hasten the progression and severity of periodontitis. This study aimed to compare the activity of salivary matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) in patients with moderate to severe generalized chronic generalized periodontitis between healthy individuals and those with type 2 diabetes who were referred to the Tabriz School of Dentistry. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this cross-sectional study, 90 patients were randomly divided into three groups based on inclusion and exclusion criteria: patients with chronic generalized periodontitis with diabetes, patients with generalized chronic periodontal disease with normal blood glucose, and a control group of 30 healthy individuals. Participants were instructed not to brush their teeth for 12 h and not to eat or drink for 90 min before saliva sampling. Saliva samples were immediately stored at -80°C and analyzed using an ELISA test. RESULTS: The results showed that there was a significant difference in salivary MMP-8 levels among the three groups. Patients with periodontitis and diabetes had the highest levels of salivary MMP-8, while the control group had the lowest levels. This indicates that chronic generalized periodontitis is strongly associated with the activity level of salivary MMP-8, and elevated levels of MMP-8 in diabetic patients demonstrate the impact of diabetes on periodontal disease. CONCLUSION: This study highlights the importance of monitoring salivary MMP-8 levels in patients with periodontitis, especially those with diabetes. It also emphasizes the need for proper management of systemic diseases to prevent or slow down the progression of periodontal disease.
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Periodontite Crônica , Placa Dentária , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2/complicações , Metaloproteinase 8 da MatrizRESUMO
Introduction: Laser therapy employs a concentrated and slender light beam to eliminate or eradicate cancerous cells and pre-cancerous abnormalities. The specific wavelength of 808 nm light is preferentially absorbed by tumor cells compared to healthy cells. This study aimed to assess the combined therapeutic impact of laser and gold, given that gold exhibits photothermal properties when exposed to laser radiation. Methods: In this in vitro study, two cell lines, namely healthy HuGu cells (human gingival fibroblast cells) and head and neck cancer cells (HN-5), were obtained from the Pasteur Institute. The effect of the laser diode with a density of 3 J/cm2 and wavelength of 808 nm on the proliferation and the survival rate of oral squamous cell carcinoma (HN-5) and human gingival fibroblast (HUGU) was assessed in 60seconds. MTT assay, DAPI test, and trypan blue staining were used to determine the growth and proliferation of HN-5 and HUGU cell lines. Results: Findings showed that the laser diode along with gold decreased the rate of proliferation and survival cells in HN-5 compared to healthy cells. The changes in the cell population treated with gold and laser diode 808 were insignificant. Conclusion: Findings reveal that using a low-power laser can effectively inhibit the growth of oral cancer cells. It seems that photothermal therapy is a novel approach to oral cancer therapy.
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This study evaluated the antimicrobial efficacy of grape seed extract medicament combined with Nd:YAG laser, against Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Candida albicans biofilms. Root canals infected with 4-week-old biofilms were divided into five groups (n = 11): calcium hydroxide, 6.5% GSE, Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 1.5 w, 15 Hz and 100 mj) and 6.5% GSE followed by Nd:YAG laser and normal saline (control). Dentin chips were collected using Gates-Glidden and cultured to obtain colony-forming units. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney U test. GSE showed higher antibacterial activity against all species investigated compared to Ca(OH)2 . However, the lowest microbial count was obtained using a combination of GSE and Nd:YAG laser (p < 0.001). No significant difference in the susceptibility of tested pathogens to each of the protocols was observed (p > 0.05). Application of Nd:YAG laser following GSE medicament is efficient against endodontic biofilms; also, GSE can be considered as an alternative to Ca(OH)2 dressing.
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Anti-Infecciosos , Extrato de Sementes de Uva , Lasers de Estado Sólido , Lasers de Estado Sólido/uso terapêutico , Extrato de Sementes de Uva/farmacologia , Anti-Infecciosos/farmacologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Biofilmes , Enterococcus faecalis , Cavidade Pulpar/microbiologiaRESUMO
Statement of the Problem: Xerostomia is a subjective sensation of dry mouth considered as a complex state affecting multiple oral functions. Pilocarpine may be a useful medication for the treatment of xerostomia, but its side effects limit its use under certain conditions. Recent studies have focused on the pilocarpine mouthwash as an alternative. Purpose: We have undertaken this study to review the latest available scientific evidence systematically, concerning the effects of pilocarpine mouthwash on salivary flow rate in patients with xerostomia. Materials and Method: An electronic search for randomized controlled trials published in English until September 2021 related to pilocarpine mouthwash and salivary flow rate in patients with dry mouth was performed in PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Embase, and Scopus. A random-effects meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the relationship between the groups. Results: Two papers with 86 patients were selected for the final review based on strict eligibility criteria. According to the results of the meta-analysis, the mean visual analogue scale in the patient treated with pilocarpine mouthwash was 0.88 unit lower than that of the control group in the fourth week follow; however, it was not statistically significant (pooled mean difference=-0.88, 95% CI = (-2.72; 0.95), p= 0.34). Conclusion: It seems that the use of pilocarpine mouthwash can increase the salivary flow rates; however, no optimal dose and application regimen can currently be suggested due to the high heterogeneity of the data. Regarding the relief of the symptoms using pilocarpine mouthwash, the existing evidence does not support its effectiveness.
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Chitosan is a natural biopolymer derived from deacetylation of chitin and it has been investigated with interdisciplinary approaches for multitude applications. Chitosan biomaterials possess unique properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, non-toxicity, muco-adhesion and a wide range of antibacterial and antifungal activity. Additionally, chitosan is the only cationic polysaccharide in nature and can be chemically modified to derivatives, based on the aim of function and application. The distinctive properties of chitosan and its derivatives have aroused interest in pharmaceutical industries and biomedical fields worldwide. This review discusses the crucial role of chitosan in production of bio-dental materials and accentuates its current profitable utilizations in oral drug delivery system, bone tissue engineering for treatment of periodontitis and dentin-pulp regeneration. Chemical modifications and incorporation of diverse bioactive molecules in order to improve the mechanical and biological characteristics of chitosan have also been discussed.
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Materiais Biocompatíveis , Quitosana , Polpa Dentária/metabolismo , Dentina/metabolismo , Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos , Periodontite/tratamento farmacológico , Engenharia Tecidual , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/uso terapêutico , Quitosana/química , Quitosana/uso terapêutico , OdontologiaRESUMO
In the present study, a new method for the synthesis of the open cell flexible polyurethane foams (PUFs) was developed by using starch powder and the modification of closed cell foam formulation. Starch is the second largest polymeric carbohydrate as a macromolecule on this planet with a large number of glucose units. Copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) were synthesized by thermal degradation method at different temperatures of 400, 600 and 800⯰C as antimicrobial agents. The antimicrobial activity of CuO NPs and commercial CuO powder against the main causes of hospital infections were tested. CuO600 was the most effective antimicrobial agent and enhanced polymer matrix tensile strength with starch powder as new polyurethane foams (PUFs) cell opener with high tensile strength. The effects of parameters on tensile strength were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). CuO NPs and PUF had optimal conditions and were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). Foam synthesized at the optimal conditions had an open cell structure with high tensile strength and efficient antimicrobial activity that made them suitable to be used as an antimicrobial hospital mattress to control hospital infections.
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Antibacterianos/química , Infecções/dietoterapia , Nanocompostos/química , Antibacterianos/uso terapêutico , Cobre/química , Humanos , Infecções/tratamento farmacológico , Nanopartículas Metálicas/química , Microscopia Eletrônica de Transmissão , Polímeros/química , Poliuretanos/química , Espectroscopia de Infravermelho com Transformada de Fourier , Amido/químicaRESUMO
BACK GROUND AND AIM: production of collagen by fibroblast cells is a key component in wound healing. Several studies have shown that low level laser therapy (LLLT) and propolis extract stimulate collagen Type I production. The aim of this study is to evaluation the combined effect of LLL helium neon (632.8 nm) and Iranian propolis extract on collagen Type I gene expression by human gingival fibroblasts (HGF3-PI 53). METHODS AND MATERIALS: Human gingival fibroblasts after culturing divided into six experimental groups: G1-control group, which received no irradiation and propolis extract, G2-irradiated at1.5 J/cm2, G3-irradiated at 0.15 J/cm2, G4-recived extract of propolis, G5- combined extract of propolis and 1.5 J/cm2 laser irradiation and G6- combined extract of propolis and 0.15 J/cm2 laser irradiation. The experiments were conducted in triplicate. After 24 hour, the total RNA was extracted and cDNA synthesis was performed. Type I collagen mRNA expression was determined with real time PCR. RESULTS: The obtained results illustrated a statistically significant difference between G3 (0.15 J/cm2) and G1 (control group) in levels of collagen Type I messenger RNA (mRNA) expression (p<0.05). The irradiated cells showed a 1.4 times increase in mRNA expression of the collagen Type I gene. Expression of this gene decreases in other groups that this difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSION: LLLT in different dosage and propolis extract may result in decreased or increased collagen type I gene expression. However this effect should be investigated in clinical studies.
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BACKGROUND AND AIM: Wisdom teeth remains impacted in the jaw due to several reasons and surgery of impacted wisdom teeth is one of the most common surgeries in dental clinics. Pain, swelling and trismus are the common complications after this surgery which affect quality of life. In articles, various methods are introduced to control immediate inflammatory-response associated with third-molar surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate the adjunctive effect of low-level laser Therapy on pain, swelling and trismus after surgical removal of impacted lower third molar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) was conducted on two groups of 24 patients (age range of 18-35) that had referred to surgical ward of Faculty of Dentistry, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences for surgery of their mandibular third molar(2015-16). All the subjects were systemically healthy and had at least one impacted mandibular third molar. After surgery, in experimental group, the laser was applied intraorally (inside the tooth socket) and extraorally (at the insertion point of the masseter muscle) immediately after surgery in contact with the target area for 25 seconds each. The laser energy was 2.5 J per area with an energy density of 5 J/ cm2 at the surface of the probe (spot size= 0.5 cm2). In the other group, as the control group, it was pretended to radiate. Trismus, pain, and swelling were evaluated on the first and seventh days after surgery. The obtained data were evaluated using SPSS 16 software and independent samples T-test. FINDINGS: In the group where LLLT had been used, P> 0.05 was calculated for pain, swelling, and trismus on days 1 and 7 after surgery that was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Under limitations of this study, using low-power laser with mentioned parameters, clinically reduces pain, swelling and trismus after surgical removal of impacted mandibular wisdom, but not statistically significant.
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The oral cavity is inhibited by many of the bacterial species. Some of them have a key role in the development of oral disease. Interrelationships between oral microbiome and systemic conditions such as head-and-neck cancer have become increasingly appreciated in recent years. Emerging evidence also suggests a link between periodontal disease and oral cancer, and the explanation being that chronic inflammation could be a major factor in both diseases. Squamous cell carcinoma is that the most frequently occurring malignancy of the oral cavity and adjacent sites, representing over 90% of all cancers. The incidence of oral cancer is increasing, significantly among young people and women. Worldwide there are 350,000-400,000 new cases diagnosed every year. Bacteria, viruses, and fungi are strongly implicated as etiological factors in certain cancers. In this review we will discuss the association between the development of oral cancer in potentially malignant oral lesions with chronic periodontitis, chronic Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, candida, other microbes and described mechanisms which may be involved in these carcinoma.
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Candida/patogenicidade , Transformação Celular Neoplásica , Fusobacterium nucleatum/patogenicidade , Microbiota , Neoplasias Bucais/microbiologia , Boca/microbiologia , Prevotella/patogenicidade , Animais , Candida/classificação , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/metabolismo , Transformação Celular Neoplásica/patologia , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , Humanos , Boca/metabolismo , Boca/patologia , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Neoplasias Bucais/metabolismo , Neoplasias Bucais/patologia , Periodontite/epidemiologia , Periodontite/microbiologia , Prevotella/classificação , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
Objective: To compare the prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) levels of gingival crevicular fluid in generalized chronic periodontitis between healthy and type 2 diabetic patients. Material and Methods: 56 diabetic and non-diabetic participants with generalized chronic periodontitis were selected randomly. They were divided into two groups (G1: generalized chronic periodontitis patients with normal blood sugar; and G2: generalized chronic periodontitis patients with diabetes). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were obtained from both groups. The average of 2 samples per day were centrifuged in a laboratory at 2500 rpm and temperature of 4°C for 5 minutes and placed in a refrigerator at -20°C. The level of PGE2 was measured using ELISA and Abcam kit. Data were analyzed by Kolmogorov-Smirnov, Mann-Whitney U Test, Pearson and independent T tests. The significant amount was considered 0.05 in this test (α<0.05). Results: The mean level of PGE2 was significantly different in the two groups and the mean level of PGE2 in the control group was lower than the case group. There was no statistically significant relationship between PGE2 with pocket depth, fasting blood sugar (FBS) and HBA1C (p>0.05). Conclusion: PGE2 level of diabetic patient group with chronic generalized periodontitis was significantly more than non-diabetic group with generalized chronic periodontitis.
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Humanos , Higiene Bucal , Doenças Periodontais , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Diabetes Mellitus , Periodontite Crônica/diagnóstico , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Irã (Geográfico)RESUMO
Objective: To compare salivary levels of PAI-2 in patients with moderate generalized chronic periodontitis before and after treatment and healthy subjects. Material and Methods: The present case-control study evaluated patients with generalized moderate chronic periodontitis (the case group) and subjects with healthy gingiva (the control group). The healthy subjects were evaluated once and the cases were evaluated twice (before and after treatment) by collecting their salivary samples. ELISA technique was used to determine PAI-2 salivary levels. Data were analyzed with the use of SPSS 17. The level of significance was set at 5%. Results: The mean salivary levels of PAI-2 in the case and control groups were 45.63 ± 8.63 and 22.01 ± 9.77 ng, respectively (p<0.0001). In addition, PAI-2 salivary levels in the case group subjects after treatment was 27.43 ± 5.79 ng, which was lower than that before treatment (45.63 ± 8.63 ng) (p<0.0001). The mean salivary level of PAI-2 in subjects with periodontitis after treatment (27.43 ± 5.79) was not significantly different from that in healthy subjects (22.01 ± 9.77) (p>0.05). Conclusion: The salivary levels of PAI-2 in patient with moderate generalized chronic periodontitis were higher than these in healthy subjects. However, the salivary levels of PAI-2 decreased in the case group subjects after treatment, with no significant difference from the healthy subjects.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adulto , Saliva , Ensaio de Imunoadsorção Enzimática , Ativadores de Plasminogênio/antagonistas & inibidores , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Periodontite Crônica/diagnóstico , Periodontite/etiologia , Interpretação Estatística de Dados , Irã (Geográfico)RESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the effect of supplementary administration of Anaheal capsule in reducing pain, swelling and trismus after surgical removal of impacted mandibular third molars. Material and Methods: This single-blind controlled randomized clinical trial was conducted on 36 patients referring to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Each of the 36 patients had bilateral surgical removal of mandibular third molars in two sessions, with at least a 4-week interval between sessions. In the same individual, one of the sites randomly received a test medication whereas the other site was used as a control. In the test subgroup (test medication side), the first dose of Anaheal capsule was given as a 200-mg dose of bromelain immediately after surgery according to manufacturer's instructions and the subsequent doses were given at 6-hour intervals after the first dose. The medication was administrated for 3 days. In the control subgroup (control side), Anaheal was not administered. The severities of pain, swelling and maximum mouth opening (MMO) were recorded one and three days postoperatively. Paired t-test and t-test for independent samples were used. Statistical significance was defined at p<0.05. Results: A total of 72 surgical extractions were performed; 36 procedures served as control and 36 cases received Anaheal. Pain, swelling and trismus of the patients were at the highest levels one day after surgery, which decreased on day 3. However, independent t-test showed no significant differences in pain, swelling and trismus after surgery between the study subgroups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Supplementary administration of Anaheal (800 mg bromelain daily) had no significant effect on decreasing pain, swelling and trismus at 1- and 3-day intervals after surgical removal of mandibular third molars.
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Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Adolescente , Adulto , Complicações Pós-Operatórias/prevenção & controle , Dente Impactado/cirurgia , Bromelaínas/farmacocinética , Ensaio Clínico Controlado Aleatório , Dente Molar , Dor Pós-Operatória , Placebos , Cirurgia Bucal/métodos , Método Duplo-Cego , Interpretação Estatística de DadosRESUMO
Objective: To evaluate the periodontal status of teeth adjacent to the posterior single tooth implant during one year after restoration. Material and Methods: In this crosssectional study, 36 patients, which were systematically and had received the implant(s) of single posterior teeth over the past year were selected. The teeth adjacent to singleposterior tooth implants were evaluated regarding bleeding on probing, mobility, gingivitis and periodontal pockets during the follow up period of 3, 6 and 9 months under the supervision of two specialists. To investigate the relationship between periodontal statuses, the Chi-square test was used, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess statistical significance of periodontal indexes in the period under assessment. The p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: There was no significant relationship between the variable of bleeding on probing, mobility, gingivitis and periodontal pocket in the studied distal and mesial teeth. Out of studied patients, after 9 months, only 11.1% had one of the periodontal problems, as a result, 88.9% of crowns replacement of single-posterior tooth does not make any periodontal damages to adjacent teeth. Conclusion: Crowns replacement of implant does not have any destructive impact on periodontal condition of adjacent teeth.