Tooth loss and depression in Chilean participants of the National Health Survey 2016-2017: Oral and social functions mediation analysis.

BACKGROUND: Previous studies have indicated the association between poor oral health and depression in adults. This study evaluated oral and social functions contribution to the association between tooth loss and depressive symptoms in Chilean individuals. METHODS: We used data from the Chilean National Health Survey. The number of remaining teeth (≤19 versus ≥20 teeth) and anterior tooth losses were the exposure variables. Outcome was depression, measured through a self-report question and with the Composite International Diagnostic Interview - Short Form (CIDI SF). Mediating variables were determined by five questions, including problems regarding "speaking", "pain and suffering", "eating", "daily activities", and "social relationships". We performed logistic regression models adjusted by multiple confounders variables. Finally, we calculated indirect, direct effect, total effect, and the proportion mediated (PM). RESULTS: We included 5383 participants. The self-reported depression and suspected depression prevalence were 22,1 % and 14,0 % respectively. The total effect of fewer remaining teeth (≤19) on self-reported depression was 1.21 (95 % CI 1.02-1.44), and 1.09 (95 % CI 0.90-1.33) for suspected depression. All five variables of oral and social functions significantly mediated the association between tooth loss and depression. Feeling uncomfortable when speaking or eating discomfort were the most significant mediators. LIMITATIONS: The mediation analysis should be interpreted with caution due to the cross-sectional design. CONCLUSIONS: Deterioration of oral and social functions was a significant mediator in the association between tooth loss and depression, in particular feeling uncomfortable when speaking or eating. This mechanism should be considered in interventions to improve mental health.

5-year clinical performance of posterior bulk-filled resin composite restorations: A double-blind randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this double-blind, and randomized controlled clinical trial was to evaluate the 5-year clinical performance of posterior resin composite restorations placed with the incremental filling technique [IF] or the bulk-fill technique [BF]. Two different adhesive systems were used: etch-&-rinse (ER) or self-etch (SE). METHODS: Posterior dental teeth of 72 participants (n = 236), with a cavity depth of at least 3 mm, were randomly divided into four groups. Restorations were applied with either Tetric N-Bond or Tetric N-Bond SE. The composite resin Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill was placed either with IF or BF. Restorations were evaluated using FDI criteria at baseline and after 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 years. Statistical analysis was performed using the Wilcoxon Signed rank test (a=0.05). RESULTS: Two hundred and four restorations were evaluated after 5 years. Eleven restorations were considered 'failed', ten due to fracture (4 IF and 6 BF) and one due to secondary caries (IF). The annual failure rate was 1.2% for BF and 1% for IF (p = 0.35). When comparing BF and IF, no significant differences were found for any of the parameters evaluated (p > 0.05). Regarding the adhesive systems, 44 and 51 restorations showed minor problems in terms of marginal adaptation and staining, with significantly more marginal discoloration when the self-etch adhesive was used (p = 0.002). SIGNIFICANCE: The bulk-fill restorative technique showed good clinical behavior compared to the incremental filling technique, especially when using an etch-&-rinse adhesive, after 5 years of clinical evaluation.

Actinomicosis cervicofacial en niños / Cervicofacial actinomycosis in children

La actinomicosis cervicofacial es una enfermedad endógena no contagiosa, supurativa y generalmente localizada con tendencia a la fistulización. Sus agentes etiológicos son bacterias del género Actinomyces cuyo hábitat natural son zonas con baja tensión de oxígeno de la cavidad bucal. La causa desencadenante para que se produzca es el trauma quirúrgico accidental. Es considerada una enfermedad de la edad adulta, sin embargo nuestra experiencia nos permite asegurar que también se produce en la niñez, a partir de la presencia de dientes en la cavidad bucal. El objetivo de esta comunicación es presentar dos casos clínicos de niños derivados a la Cátedra de Microbiología de la FOUBA para realizar el diagnóstico microbiológico de actinomicosis

Cándida y su acción sobre dos sustratos hidrocarbonados / Candida and its action on two hydrocarbonated substrates

Con el objetivo de contribuir al conocimiento de la etiología de caries, se investigó la capacidad de 60 cepas de Candida albicans (C.a.) de diferentes orígenes (15 de drogadictos, 15 de pacientes con sida, 15 de inmunocomprometidos no sida y 15 de sanos) para metabolizar dos hidratos de carbono (HC), glucosa (G) y sacarosa (S). Se sembró 0,1 ml de suspensiones homologadas (Nº3 de la escala de McFarland) en 3 series de tubhos con medio líquido (agua peptonada al 1 por ciento, AP) una serie con 2 por ciento de G, otra con 2 por ciento de S y otra sin HC (control). Se leyó el pH inicial de todos los medios antes de sembrar. Se repitieron las lecturas a las 18, 48 y 72 horas de incubación a 37ºC en condiciones aeróbicas. Se hizo el análisis estadístico. Todas las cepas produjeron un marcado descenso del pH en los medios que contenían HC. En AP no hubo variación significativa. La variación de pH con G (3,2) fue mayor que con S (2,02). No hubo diferencias según el origen de las cepas. Se postula que C.a. podría contribuir al proceso cariogénico.

Agentes transmisibles infecciosos no convencionales (ATNC). Parte II: priones / Non-conventional infectious transmissible agents. Part II: prions

La incidencia de enfermedades producidas por agentes infecciosos transmisibles no convencionales (ATNC), es de un caso por millón de personas por año, en los cinco continentes. Se sospecha que la transmisión puede ser por transfusiones, tratamientos dentales e implante óseos. Los priones son extraordinariamente resistentes a los métodos de desinfección y a los procedimientos de esterilización habituales. Pero también, resultan resistentes a la ebullición, las radiaciones ionizantes, alcohol 70 por ciento más formaldehído, glutaraldehído, formaldehído al 4 por ciento y la formalina al 10 por ciento, usada para la preservación de biopsias. Pueden ser inactivados por: calos húmedo a 132 grados C, 30-60 min; hidróxido de sodio (1 N) a temperatura ambiente durante 60 min. seguido de autoclavado a 121 grados C, 30 min. El hipoclorito reduce pero no elimina completamente la transmisibilidad, mientras que el hidróxido de sodio (1 N) es más efectivo y menos corrosivo. Futuros conocimientos de la biología molecular y de la patogénesis de las enfermedades de las que son responsable, irán aclarando dudas