[The duration of orthodontic treatment and the number of visits depending on the degree of difficulty when using modern orthodontic equipment]. / Prodolzhitel'nost' ortodonticheskogo lecheniya i kolichestvo poseshchenii v zavisimosti ot stepeni ego trudnosti pri ispol'zovanii sovremennoi ortodonticheskoi apparatury.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to analyze the estimated and actual duration of treatment and the number of visits to the orthodontist by patients using modern orthodontic equipment. Analysis of the duration of orthodontic treatment of patients with varying degrees of difficulty and comparison of the estimated and actually spent time for its implementation. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 308 medical records of patients who underwent orthodontic treatment were analyzed. According to the Siebert - Malygin method, the degree of difficulty of treatment, its duration, the number of necessary visits were calculated and the data obtained were compared with the actual time spent on correcting dental and occlusion anomalies and the number of visits by the patient to the orthodontist. RESULTS: The results of treatment of 308 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment with modern non-removable equipment (braces) are analyzed in the clinic of LLC «Prime dentistry¼ in Ryazan. Before starting treatment, the preliminary treatment time was calculated using the method of determining the difficulty of orthodontic treatment of Siebert - Malygin. The calculation of the degree of difficulty of treatment, its duration, and the number of necessary visits was carried out. The data obtained were compared with the actual time spent on correction of dental and occlusion anomalies and the number of visits by the patient to an orthodontist. It was found that, despite the use of modern equipment, the treatment time practically does not decrease, but the number of visits to achieve the desired result is significantly reduced. Coefficients have been calculated to clarify the required number of visits to the orthodontist. In the treatment of anomalies in the position of teeth (APD), it is 0.77, APD, combined with distal occlusion - 0.79 deep - 0.78, open - 0.66 and mesial - 0.69. CONCLUSION: The use of modern orthodontic equipment reduces the number of patient visits to the doctor, which saves time, reduces labor costs and allows you to provide the necessary assistance to more people in need. The coefficients calculated during the study to determine the required number of visits to an orthodontist by a patient, depending on the existing orthodontic pathology, make it possible to predict the treatment time with greater accuracy when using the Siebert - Malygin method. This is very relevant when planning upcoming manipulations and to more accurately justify the cost of treatment depending on the required time and number of visits to eliminate APS.

[Optimization of monitoring of pregnant women with various risk of dental caries relapse]. / Monitoring stomatologicheskogo statusa beremennykh s razlichnym riskom retsidiva kariesa zubov.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is determination of the effectiveness of technologies for predicting the progressive course of dental caries in pregnant women. MATERIAL AND METODS: We examined 511 pregnant women aged 18-40 years with dental caries (304 were included in a main group, 207 were enrolled in controls), who were assessed the DMFT index sequentially in the 1st, 2nd and 3rd trimesters of pregnancy. The prognosis of recurrence of dental caries was determined by the method of two-stage clinical and laboratory prognosis. RESULTS: The prevalence of dental caries in the main group was 89.1% (271 out of 304 patients), in the control group - 87.9% (182 out of 207 patients). In the third trimester of pregnancy 36.2% of women in the main group had a recurrence of caries (vs 43.0% in the control group). Early examination of patients in the 1st trimester of pregnancy, followed by monitoring of the state of the organs and tissues of the mouth, made it possible to achieve timely treatment of dental caries and prevent its recurrence. In the third trimester of pregnancy, the DMFT-index in the dispensary group, in contrast to the control group, was statistically significantly (p<0.05) lower by 12.3%, which indicated the effective use of the proposed monitoring. CONCLUSION: The use of a system for providing dental treatment and preventive care in the form of screening, dynamic forecasting and assessment of the risk of recurrence of caries in pregnant women with dental caries and a high risk of its progression makes it possible to stop the development of this process and ensure the preservation of dental health.

[Assessment of patient satisfaction with orthodontic services provided in medical organizations of various forms of ownership]. / Otsenka udovletvorennosti patsientov ortodonticheskimi uslugami v meditsinskikh organizatsiyakh razlichnoi formy sobstvennosti.

OBJECTIVE: The study of expectations and satisfaction with the quality of orthodontic care provided to children in public and private dental organizations. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted at the clinical bases of the Borovsky Institute of Dentistry of the Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Vladimirsky Moscow Regional Research Clinical Institute, Videntis LLC in the period from January to April 2022. An anonymous questionnaire was developed for the study: "Questionnaire for patients to assess the quality and conditions of orthodontic medical services in a medical organization". All data are processed using the statistical software SPSS v. 20. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: According to respondents, the quality of service in both public and private dental organizations depends on the material and technical equipment of the medical organization, the attitude of medical personnel, the duration of treatment and the qualifications of orthodontists. Satisfaction of orthodontic care in public dental organizations corresponded to a high level in 73.4% of cases, an average level of 15.6% of cases, a low level in 11.0% of cases; in private dental organizations, a high level was noted in 98.8% of cases, an average level in 1.2% of cases, a low level in 0% of cases (in private dental organizations, not a single respondent noted the quality of services provided as low). Among the main reasons for dissatisfaction with the service of patients, the lack of diagnostic equipment, the unfriendly attitude of the secondary medical and administrative staff, as well as the duration of treatment should be highlighted. CONCLUSION: A sociological survey to assess patient satisfaction is a tool for determining the effectiveness of any medical organization, while the assessment of the quality of service of respondents depends on the material and technical equipment of the dental organization, the attitude of medical personnel, the duration of treatment and the qualifications of orthodontists. In this regard, it is very important to apply this method of satisfaction assessment when providing high-quality orthodontic care to children both in public and private dental organizations in order to improve the quality of service in a dental medical organization.

[Improvement of dental medical examination of patients of older age groups]. / Sovershenstvovanie stomatologicheskoi dispanserizatsii patsientov starshikh vozrastnykh grupp.

THE AIM OF THE STUDY: Was an improvement of dental health by optimizing dental medical examination in socially significant groups of the population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A continuous sample of 500 patients aged 65 to 95 years who applied to selected private dental organizations and public dental organizations in the period 2017-2020 was made. The clinical study was carried out by taking an anamnesis and a dental examination. The results of a retrospective analysis of the prevalence and intensity of the main dental diseases in elderly and senile people are presented, a scheme for dental medical examination of the study group is proposed. RESULTS: In a comprehensive dental examination of groups of elderly and senile people, the DMFT in the age group of 65-74 years is 18.8 [14.35-24.4], in the group of 75-84 years 20.5 [13.7-27.3], while in people from the group over 85 years 24.9 [19.05-28] teeth, in order to reduce high dental morbidity we have developed an original scheme for the procedure for conducting preventive medical examinations of older age groups of the adult population. CONCLUSIONS: The results of the study indicate the insufficiency of preventive programs and therapeutic measures among the elderly and senile. The data obtained are aimed at substantiating the main directions for improving dental care for patients of the older age group in the current conditions of the healthcare system.

[Some aspects of the organization and analysis of the performance of the orthodontic service in Ryazan and the Ryazan region]. / Nekotorye aspekty organizatsii i analiz pokazatelei ortodonticheskoi pomoshchi v Ryazani i Ryazanskoi oblasti.

OBJECTIVE: Conducting a retrospective analysis of the indicators of orthodontic care provided in Ryazan and the Ryazan region from 1999 to 2017. MATERIAL AND METHODS: During the study, institutions providing orthodontic care were divided into three levels of dental organizations. Level 1 medical care centers provide assistance to residents of districts of the region, the results of the work of clinics located in 2 districts of the region were analyzed for the period since 2005 to 2017. Level 2 StMO includes state dental clinics and private dental clinics in the city of Ryazan, where you can get orthodontic care. The work of state structures was analyzed from 1999 to 2011 with a step of 3 years, from 2011 to 2017. - yearly. Level 3 SMEs include specialized departments of universities, where only consultative and diagnostic assistance is provided. An analysis was made of the orthodontic pathology with which the patients treated, as well as an analysis of the orthodontic equipment used for treatment during the study period. RESULTS: The prevalence of AFA among the child population of the region's districts is at the level of 80.10±0.68%, fixed equipment is used 3 times more often in level 1 SMO than in level 2 SMI, and removable equipment is used only 10-20% less often. in the SMC and levels 1 and 2, the main part of the contingent is the child population (97.7-99.1% and 67.82-0.63%, respectively), but in the region for this type of assistance, the appealability among patients over 18 years of age is 10% less than in the city. CONCLUSION: The data obtained indicate the need for changes in the structure of orthodontic care. It is required to allocate at least 2 rates of an orthodontist in each district to provide assistance to the population living in the Ryazan region.

[Medical-organizational and sociological characteristics of the staff of the dental service in a subsidiary subject of the Russian Federation]. / Mediko-organizatsionnaya i sotsiologicheskaya kharakteristika kadrovogo sostava stomatologicheskoi sluzhby dotatsionnogo sub"ekta Rossiiskoi Federatsii.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the working conditions of dentists in the Chechen Republic based on the results of a voluntary anonymous survey, to identify the shortcomings and problems in the functioning of the dental service that need to be corrected. MATERIAL AND METHODS: With the help of specially developed questionnaires, a voluntary anonymous survey of dentists providing primary medical and sanitary dental care in the Chechen Republic was conducted. The questionnaires included several blocks of questions, each of which pursued specific goals: first, to compose a social and professional «portrait¼ of a dentist; the second is to identify the opinions of respondents about the prevalence of dental pathology among the population, their attitude to the work of the dental service; the third is to identify certain shortcomings and problems that need to be corrected. RESULTS: The analysis of the respondents' answers received during the survey contributed to the compilation of an objective social and professional «portrait¼ of a dentist performing professional activities in the Chechen Republic, to study working conditions and satisfaction with them, legal regulation of activities, material support, the degree of professional training, to establish peculiarities of relationships with patients. Also indicated are the actual (according to dentists) problems of providing patients with medical dental care, shortcomings in the organization of the functioning of the dental service in the region. The issues of organizing preventive work, including the commitment of the population to maintaining their dental health and a number of other positions were studied. CONCLUSION: The method of voluntary anonymous questioning of dentists has shown its effectiveness, simplicity, convenience in assessing the state of dental care for the population, designating the range of characteristic specific problems that occur in a particular region (according to dentists), make it possible to establish what exactly is necessary to improve the quality provided medical care, and, therefore, allows you to outline ways to optimize activities.

[The influence of the degree of sanogenetic education of the population in a subsidized subject of the Russian Federation on dental health]. / Vliyanie stepeni sanogeneticheskoi podgotovki naseleniya v dotatsionnom sub"ekte Rossiiskoi Federatsii na sostoyanie stomatologicheskogo zdorov'ya.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of healthy lifestyle (HLS) on dental health (prevalence and intensity of dental diseases). MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study was conducted in the standard age group 35-44 years. According to the results of a sociological survey, two groups were formed: leading HLS (1st group, 30 respondents) and those not leading HLS (2nd group, 34 respondents). The presence and prevalence of caries, its intensity (DMFT index), the hygienic state of the oral cavity (Green-Vermillion index (GRVI) and the effectiveness of oral hygiene (PHP), the state of periodontal tissues (CPITN)) were assessed. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries in group №1 was 77%, in 2nd group - 100%, the average value of the DMFT in group №1 was 8.9±0.2, in 2nd group - 17.1±0.3; the values of the GRVI index differed 5 times (1.1 and 5.2), the PHP index - 9 times (0.2 and 1.8, correspondently). In 2nd group, the high prevalence of dentition defects was revealed (40%), only 6% of patients had a normal periodontal condition, pathological periodontal pockets with a depth of 6 and more mm in patients were 3 times higher (9%) comparing to 1st group (3%). Periodontal care was required 94% of patients in the 2nd group (in 1st group - 72%). Patients in the 1st group took much better care of their teeth: the level of hygiene index was within 1.1 (in 2nd group - 5.2 - poor) Adequate oral hygiene regimen was found in 93% of patients in 1st group and only in 38% in 2nd group. CONCLUSIONS: The data obtained indicate not only poor dental health of the population, but also about significant shortcomings in the medical care and the low efficiency of preventive work on the part of the dental service.

[The structure of inflammatory periodontal diseases and the dynamics of the periodontal status in pregnant women during the gestational period]. / Struktura vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii parodonta i dinamika parodontal'nogo statusa beremennykh na protiazhenii gestatsionnogo perioda.

Basing on the analysis of 165 pregnant women with confirmed diagnosis of periodontal disease the structure of inflammatory periodontal diseases and periodontal status of pregnant women during gestation has been studied considering the influence of various factors on the dynamics of several periodontal and hygiene indices. The study proved a significant age-related deterioration of the periodontal status of pregnant women due to hormonal changes in the gestational period.

[Specific features of deployment of medical staff in the private dental sector]. / Osobennosti komplektovaniia vrachebnymi kadrami chastnogo stomatologicheskogo sektora.

The features of deployment of dentists of different specialties in the private dental sector of the city of Moscow are studied. On the material of 296 dentists, the main reasons for the employment, motivation to change from state, municipal, departmental to private medical organizations are considered for dentists of different specialties.

[The Organization of Stomatological Care to Patients with Various Somatic Pathology].

The article considers actual national and international publications concerning problems of organization and characteristics of stomatological care support of patients with particular types of somatic pathology. The new approaches are analyzed concerning organization of efficient stomatological care of patients with various diseases.

[Incidence and risk factors of oral diseases in pregnant women]. / Rasprostranennost' i faktory riska razvitiia osnovnykh stomatologicheskikh zabolevanii u beremennykh.

The prevalence of tooth caries and periodontitis in pregnant women has been studied; susceptibility of pregnant women to a high risk of development of dental pathology. Proven factors that modify the risk of tooth caries, periodontitis of mild and moderate severity in pregnancy are age over 30 years, repeated childbirth and pregnancy, complications of the gestational period, and for periodontitis, additionally - diseases of the digestive system, musculoskeletal system , anemia and metabolic-endocrine disorders.

[Quality of oral surgery and patients' satisfaction in state and municipal clinics]. / Kachestvo stomatologicheskoi khirurgicheskoi pomoshchi i udovletvorennost' eiu patsientov gosudarstvennykh i munitsipal'nykh poliklinik.

The aim of the multicenter study was to assess quality of oral surgical procedures and patients' satisfaction in state and municipal clinics in different regions of Russian Federation. A questionnaire survey was conducted in 3 regions of Russian Federation: European (Moscow, Tula, Tambov, Kaluga, Volgograd), North (Saint-Petersburg, Novgorod, Tver) and South (Armavir, Derbent, Kaspiysk, Kislovodsk, Makhachkala, Pyatigorsk, Rostov, Sochi, Stavropol). Sixty-six males and 34 females undergoing surgical dental treatment in public and municipal dental clinics (total number - 100 patients) at the age of 20 to 70 years (an average age was 36,3 and 39.5, respectively) were included in the study. Comparative analysis of patients' satisfaction rates in relation with expert evaluated quality of oral surgery is presented.

[Practical approach to the problem of additional vocational training of dentists]. / Poluchenie novoi (dopolnitel'noi) vrachebnoi spetsial'nosti rabotayushchimi vrachami-stomatologami: prakticheskaya realizatsiya poslediplomnogo obrazovaniya v svete sovremennykh pravovykh realii.

We consider the political and legal features and the possibility of operating a new medical specialty in the light of current legal requirements. The paper presents the review of the most pressing issues of modern law enforcement practices and features of the implementation of the rights and interests of the physician and the employer in terms of the search for a balance of interests and reasonable approach not contradicting to legal norms.

[Dental screening in patients with rheumatic disease].

Dental screening features of patients having rheumatic diseases are reviewed concerning such factors as examination and oral hygiene sessions frequency, specific rheumatic disease (rheumatoid arthritis, system lupus erythematosus and systemic sclerosis), oral and dental disorders (periodontal disease, dental caries, salivary glands disorders).

[The main aspects of the multidisciplinary dispensary dental care to elderly and senile population].

In the article presents the characteristics of the organization of dispensary work with patients older than 60 years. The main directions and objectives dispensary. The features of clinical supervision of dental patients belonging to the category of persons decreed by the elderly, senile age from the perspective of interaction professionals in a multidisciplinary clinic.

[Impact of Er, Cr: YSGG-laser on the tooth root cement in the treatment of chronic periodontal disease (the results of electron microscopic studies)].

Ten teeth removed because of periodontal disease were irradiated by Er, Cr: YSGG laser (power 1W and 1,5W). Scanning electron microscopy showed the 10-second exposure of the laser beam to remove the tartar from the surface of the tooth root, as well as "smear" layer and infected cement, exposing the dentine tubules and influencing the collagen fibers, forming a rough surface of the tooth root. These data suggest the effectiveness of Er, Cr: YSGG-laser in the treatment of tooth root cement surface by periodontal disease. Er, Cr: YSGG-laser with a power of 1 and 1,5 W can be used as an adjunctive treatment mode by periodontal therapy.

Content of matrix metalloproteinase-8 and matrix metalloproteinase-9 in oral fluid of patients with chronic generalized periodontitis.

The content of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in oral fluid of 145 patients (95 women and 50 men, 18-52 years) was measured by enzyme immunoassay. We examined 63 subjects with the intact periodontium and 82 patients with chronic generalized periodontitis (25 patients with mild disease, 45 patients with moderate disease, and 12 patients with severe disease). All patients were examined during the remission of chronic periodontitis and did not have clinical signs of associated somatic diseases. No significant differences were found in the content of MMP-8 and MMP-9 in oral fluid from periodontitis patients and subjects with the intact periodontium. The content of MMP-8 an MMP-9 in oral fluid of patients with severe periodontium was slightly higher than that in other patients and subjects with the intact periodontium. The depth of the periodontal pocket was shown to be the most reliable clinical sign for the state of periodontal tissues. A strong correlation was revealed between this criterion and MMP-9 content in oral fluid.

[The concept of the pathogenesis of occlusive disorders in diseases of the temporomandibular joint]. / Kontseptsiia patogeneza okkliuzionnykh narushenii pri zabolevaniiakh visochno-nizhnecheliustnogo sustava.

Abnormal occlusion developing in adult patients is always caused by involvement of the temporomandibular joints. Destructive diseases of an infectious origin are characterized by unilateral involvement of the joints, unilateral reduction of the interocclusal height, and increased abrasion of teeth due to increased masticatory loading. Occlusive contact is preserved in all teeth. The second group of destructive diseases of the temporomandibular joint includes rheumatoid arthritis and systemic scleroderma and is characterized by symmetrical involvement, polyarthritis, and rapid progress. Clinically frontal occlusion develops, which is caused by deformation of articular processes, mandibular body, angle, and branch.