Clinical comparison of the efficacy of three different bowel preparation methods on the infectious complications following transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy in nursing practice.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects of three different bowel preparation methods on the incidence of infectious complications in patients who underwent transrectal ultrasonography-guided prostate biopsy. BACKGROUND: The standard bowel preparation protocol for prostate biopsy has not been established. DESIGN: A retrospective study in a single centre. METHODS: From January 2013-December 2015, the clinical records of 1,130 patients who underwent prostate biopsy were, respectively, reviewed. All the patients received metronidazole prophylaxis before biopsy. The patients were divided into three groups according to the bowel preparation methods: patients in Group A (n = 402) received only soapy enema; patients in Group B (n = 413) received polyethylene glycol; while patients in Group C (n = 315) received polyethylene glycol plus povidone-iodine enema. Infectious complications were classified as fever (>37.5°C), urinary tract infection and sepsis. The postoperative adverse events were also observed. RESULTS: The overall postbiopsy infectious complications were observed in 48 (4.25%) patients of all the cases, including 23 (5.72%) cases in Group A, 20 (4.84%) cases in Group B and five patients (1.59%) in Group C. There was significant difference among the groups (p = .018). In detail, these infectious complications included 22 (1.95%) cases of fever and 26 (2.30%) cases of urinary tract infection. No sepsis was observed among the total patients. The incidence of adverse events was 14.43% (58/402) occurred in Group A, 25.91% (107/413) in Group B and 26.67% (84/315) in Group C. The difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed that combined preparation regimens of polyethylene glycol with povidone-iodine enema could significantly reduce the postbiopsy infection rate. Conventional soapy enema is associated with less adverse events. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Findings of this study provide useful evidence-based information for healthcare professionals. The application of combined preparation regimens of polyethylene glycol with povidone-iodine enema resulted in better improvement in the prevention of postbiopsy infection.

[Research on the effect of extract of dentin matrix on the differentiation of dental pulp cells].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of human treated dentin matrix (hTDM) extracellular matrix molecules on odontogenetic and neural differentiation of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs) with an aim to find an effective method to collect extracellular matrix molecules to contribute to reparation dental-pulp complex with dentin defects. METHODS: hDPCs were obtained and biological characteristics such as source of cells and multi-differentiation potentials were assessed using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Fabrication of hTDM extracts and hDPCs was induced with it for 1 week. The odontogenetic differentiation associated genes were tested by qRT-PCR. Results qRT-PCR results showed that cells were higher expression of odontogenetic differentiation associated genes ALP, OPN, OCN, BSP, DMP-1, DSP, beta-III tubulin. CONCLUSION: The method of extracting extracellular matrix molecules from dentin matrix was effective. The extract liquid provides a suitable microenvironment for odontogenetic and neural differentiation of hDPCs and contributes to reparation dental-pulp complex.

Evaluation of hyperbaric oxygen therapy for the osteoradionecrosis of the jaws: Meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen and other approaches for treating the osteoradionecrosis of the jaws (ORNJ) systematically. METHODS: According to the preset inclusion and exclusion criteria, randomized controlled trials and cohort studies on hyperbaric oxygen in the treatment of ORNJ were screened, and foreign language databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane library were searched via a computer; Chinese databases such as CNKI, VIP, Wanfang data, and CBM were searched from the established database to September 2020. Relevant books were searched manually to collect all literatures on the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen and its related therapies in ORNJ treatment. Two researchers were independent and mutually blind, the papers were selected, data were collected, and the bias risk was evaluated. If any difference was detected, it would be decided by discussion or arbitrated by a third party. The data related to the efficacy of hyperbaric oxygen and its related therapy in the treatment of the ORNJ were extracted, and the Revman5.4 software was used for Meta-analysis. In case of large heterogeneity, sensitivity analysis was performed. A funnel chart was used to evaluate possible publication bias qualitatively. RESULTS: Four randomized controlled trials and seven cohort studies were included in Meta-analyses. In ORNJ treatment, no significant differences between the group subjected to hyperbaric oxygen and both surgery and antibiotics and the group that underwent both surgery and antibiotics (RR=1.16, 95%CI: 0.86~1.58, P>0.05); between the group with hyperbaric oxygen and the group with antibiotics (RR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.63~1.09, P>0.05); between the group with hyperbaric oxygen and the group with antifibrotic drugs (RR=0.07, 95%CI: 0.00~155.86, P>0.05); between the group with single or combined use of HBO and the group with other intervention methods (RR=0.89, 95%CI: 0.67~1.19, P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Hyperbaric oxygen therapy cannot replace surgery and antibiotic therapy. Hyperbaric oxygen therapy is not superior to antibiotics and antifibrotic drugs, but the benefits of antifibrotic drugs should be further explored.

[Dentin matrix in tissue regeneration: a progress report].

Lesions on tissues and organs critically affect quality of life, due to severe tissue defects that are threatening. Tissue repair and functional reconstruction are concurrent challenges in modern medicine. Tissue engineering brings hope for tissue and organ regeneration. Scaffolds provide a microenvironment for cell growth, proliferation and differentiation. Moreover, scaffolds influence the size and morphology of regenerated tissues. Dentin matrix, which is a natural bioactive and biocompatible scaffold, has become a research hotspot in recent years and has been widely used in tissue engineering. Studies on the use of dentin matrix as scaffolds have made a series of important progress in tooth root, periodontal, dental pulp and bone regeneration. This review demonstrates the biological characteristics of dentin matrix as bioactive scaffolds, describes the application of dentin matrix in tissue regeneration and provides a theoretical basis for the use of a dentin matrix in clinical applications.

[Effects of different compressive stress on biological characteristics of condylar chondrocytes of neonatal SD rats].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of different static compressive stress on the biological characteristics of the mandibular condylar chondrocytes (MCC). METHODS: The static compressive stress with a magnitude of 12, 24, 36 kPa were exerted on the third passage of MCC for one hour. The MCC was dyed by immunohisto-chemical method. The changes of the expression of collagen type I , II , III and proteoglycan (PG) were evaluated by a pathologic portraits analytic system. RESULTS: The static compressive stress with a magnitude from 12 to 24 kPa can enforce the expression of collagen type I , II, III and PG of MCC. However, the decrease of expression of collagen type I and PG of MCC was detected when exerted by the static compressive stress with a magnitude from 24 kPa to 36 kPa. CONCLUSION: The static stress of proper magnitude can make MCC more differentiate. However, the static stress of over-magnitude may make the biological characteristics of MCC weaken and express some characteristics of dedifferentiation.