Polyketone metabolites isolated from Rhodiola tibetica endohytic fungus Alternaria sp. HJT-Y7 and their SARS-CoV-2 virus inhibitory activitives.

Six new polyketone metabolites, compounds (1-6) and seven known polyketone compounds (7-13) were isolated from Rhodiola tibetica endophytic fungus Alternaria sp. The structural elucidation of five new polyketone metabolites were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic including 2D NMR and HRMS and spectrometric analysis. Inhibition rate evaluation revealed that compounds 1(EC50 = 0.02 mM), 3(EC50 = 0.3 mM), 6(EC50 = 0.07 mM), 8(EC50 = 0.1 mM) and 9(EC50 = 0.04 mM) had inhibitory effect on the SARS-CoV-2 virus.

Core-Corona Magnetic Nanospheres Functionalized with Zwitterionic Polymer Ionic Liquid for Highly Selective Isolation of Glycoprotein.

A novel zwitterionic polymer ionic liquid functionalized magnetic nanospheres, shortly as Fe3O4@PCL-PILs, is synthesized by grafting ionic liquid VimCOOHBr onto polymer ε-caprolactone (PCL) modified magnetic nanospheres via esterification and surface-initiated free radical polymerization. This established synthesis strategy offers the obtained magnetic nanospheres with well-defined core-corona structure, compact grafting layer, favorable zwitterionic and negative-charged surface, and high magnetic susceptibility. The as-prepared Fe3O4@PCL-PILs nanospheres exhibit typical "zwitterionic hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (ZIC-HILIC)" behaviors toward protein binding, and selectively adsorption of glycoprotein is achieved. The adsorption capacity of the magnetic nanospheres toward Immunoglobulin G is high up to 1136.4 mg g-1, and the captured Immunoglobulin G could be efficiently recovered by using 0.5% NH3 H2O (v/v) as stripping reagent, providing a recovery of 80.5%. Fe3O4@PCL-PILs nanospheres are then employed as sorbent for the selective isolation of Immunoglobulin G from human whole blood, obtaining high-purity Immunoglobulin G as demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis assays.

[Clinical observation of sarcandra glabra combined chemoradiotherapy for treating patients with local advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the short-term efficacy and radiotherapy induced acute reactions of sarcandra glabra (SG) combined chemoradiotherapy for treating patients with local advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. METHODS: Totally 100 nasopharyngeal carcinoma phase III - IVa patients were randomly assigned to the control group and the observation group, 50 patients in each group. All patients received chemoradiotherapy. Patients in the observation group took SG decoction at the daily dose of 20 g. RESULTS: Totally 98 patients completed the treatment. There was no statistical difference in the complete remission rate, the partial remission rate, 1-year and 2-year total survival rates, or disease free progression rate between the two groups. The occurrence rate of II - III degree radioactive oral mucositis and dry mouth were obviously lower in the observation group than in the control group, showing statistical difference (P <0.05). CONCLUSION: SG combined chemoradiotherapy could attenuate radiotherapy induced acute adverse reactions in treating advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

[Distribution, Risk, and Influencing Factors of Microplastics in Surface Water of Huangshui River Basin].

In order to explore the distribution of microplastics in the freshwater environment of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, 63 surface water samples were collected in Huangshui River basin of Qinghai province during the wet season, and the distribution characteristics and main influencing factors of microplastics in the surface water were analyzed by means of metallographic microscope, Fourier infrared spectroscopy, field investigation, and image data analysis. The potential ecological risks of microplastics were evaluated using risk index (H) and pollution load index (PLI) models. The abundance of microplastics in surface water ranged from 665-8780 n·m-3, with the highest average abundance of 5414 n·m-3 in Huangyuan County. The abundance of microplastics increased from upstream to downstream. The main colors of microplastics were transparent (67%) and black (17%), and the particle size was less than 50 µm (70%). Polyethylene (66%) and polypropylene (12%) were the main polymer types. The abundance of microplastics was positively correlated with cultivated land area, precipitation, and ultraviolet intensity, but the opposite results were observed in dissolved oxygen, redox potential, and wind speed. Additionally, the potential ecological risk of surface water in the Huangshui River basin was relatively low.

Comparison of immediate response to four conservative treatment modalities for management of masticatory myalgia with limited mandibular movement: a retrospective study.

OBJECTIVE: Conservative treatment modalities are recommended for managing masticatory myalgia in individuals with temporomandibular disorders. The aim of this study was to retrospectively review and compare the effectiveness of four conservative treatments: counseling and occlusal splint therapy, counseling and manipulation integrated with electrophysiotherapy, the combination of the two treatments, and counseling only. METHOD AND MATERIALS: One hundred and sixty-eight patients who had myalgia with limited jaw movement were retrospectively observed in this study. Between January 2015 and December 2017, 63 patients received counseling and stabilization occlusal splint therapy (Group 1), 35 patients received counseling and manipulation integrated with electrophysiotherapy (Group 2), 33 patients received the combination of counseling, splint therapy, and manipulation integrated with electrophysiotherapy (Group 3), and 37 patients received counseling only (Group 4). All subjects were followed up for 12 weeks. The intensity of spontaneous pain, palpation pain, chewing pain in the masticatory muscles, and range of pain-free maximal mouth opening were recorded in the clinical assessments. Intragroup and intergroup differences were examined by using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS: Spontaneous pain in the masticatory muscles was relieved significantly in all groups at the 6-week visit (P < .05), and no significant difference was found among the groups (P > .05). Palpation pain was relieved significantly at the 9-week visit in the counseling + occlusal splint therapy group, counseling + manipulation + electrophysiotherapy group, and counseling + occlusal splint + manipulation + electrophysiotherapy group (P < .05). In the treatment group with counseling alone, significant palpation pain relief occurred at 12 weeks. Chewing pain was relieved significantly at the 6-week visit in the counseling + occlusal splint therapy group, counseling + manipulation + electrophysiotherapy group, and counseling + occlusal splint + manipulation + electrophysiotherapy group (P < .05), yet no significant difference compared to the baseline was observed in the counseling-only group (P > .05). A significant increase in the maximal range of pain-free mouth opening was observed at the 9-week visit in the counseling + occlusal splint therapy group, and at the 3-week visit in the counseling + manipulation + electrophysiotherapy group and counseling + occlusal splint + manipulation + electrophysiotherapy group (P < .05). Nevertheless, no significant change in the range of mouth opening was found throughout the follow-up period in the counseling-only group (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Each of the included treatment modalities relieved spontaneous pain and tenderness to palpation of the masticatory muscles during the follow-up intervals. Counseling alone did not help patients with chewing pain and limited mouth opening in the short term. Treatment protocols including counseling, occlusal splint therapy, and manipulation, integrated with electrophysiotherapy showed the best short-term outcomes for symptomatic improvement.

[Effects of Plastic Film Mulching Patterns and Irrigation on Yield of Summer Maize and Greenhouse Gas Emissions Intensity of Field].

In order to evaluate the effect of different treatments on yield and greenhouse gas emissions during the summer maize growing season, a two-year film mulching experiment was conducted in 2014 and 2015. In this experiment, the two main experimental factors were rainfed treatment (R) and irrigated treatment (I), and the secondary experimental factors included control treatment (CK), half film mulching treatment (HM), and full film mulching treatment (FM). The emissions of soil greenhouse gases (CO2, CH4, and N2O) were monitored using a static opaque chamber and chromatography method. Moreover, the greenhouse gas emissions intensity (GHGI) was used to evaluate the effect of carbon sequestration in different treatments. The results of this study showed that the yields of the RHM and RFM treatments did not differ significantly in 2014, but increased by 19.6% and 26.8%, respectively, in 2015 compared with that of RCK. The yield of IHM was not improved, and that of IFM significantly increased by 14.1% and 55.8% in 2014 and 2015, respectively, compared with that of ICK. The irrigated treatments only promoted CO2 emissions in 2015 (P<0.01), and all film mulching treatments (regardless of HM and FM treatments) had no effect on CO2 emissions under rainfed and irrigated conditions (P>0.05). Irrigated treatments had no effect on the absorption of CH4 (P>0.05), whereas the film mulching treatments had an inhibitory effect. Compared with values of RCK, the amount of seasonal N2O emissions for ICK showed a significant difference in 2015 with a decrease of 22.3%. Compared with values of RCK, the amounts of N2O emissions for RHM and RFM had no significant differences in 2014, but significantly decreased by 50.7% and 51.4% in 2015, respectively. Compared with ICK, IHM and IFM significantly decreased the amounts of N2O emissions by 47.5% and 54.2% in 2014, and by 9.6% and 52.2% in 2015, respectively. The GHGIs of RHM and RFM were significantly reduced by 60.1% and 61.7% in 2015, respectively, compared with values of RCK, and the GHGIs of IHM and IFM were significantly reduced by 39.7% and 53.2% in 2014, and reduced by 22.2% and 67.5% in 2015, respectively, compared with that of ICK. This means that the effect of FM on reducing GHGI was better than that of HM. It was also found that the significantly reduced GHGI in irrigated treatments may be attributed to the increased yields. Therefore, FM under irrigation conditions was recommended for summer maize for stabilizing the yield and reducing the GHGI.

[Experimental study on the retentive force of cobalt-chromium alloy, pure titanium and vitallium cast clasps in the simulated 3-year clinical use].

PURPOSE: To investigate the changes of retentive force of cobalt-chromium alloy, pure titanium and vitallium cast clasps in the simulated 3-year clinical use. METHODS: Fifteen metal abutment crowns made of No.QT800-2 nodular cast iron were used in the test. Five clasps from each of the following alloys: cobalt-chromium alloy, pure titanium and vitallium were fabricated. The undercut depth was 0.25 mm. A masticatory simulator was used to cycle the clasp on and off the metal abutment crown 5000 times, simulating 3-year clinical use. Retentive force was measured 11 times during this process. SPSS13.0 software package was used to analyze the results. Casting defects were observed using X-ray non destructive testing (X-ray NDT) before cyclic test. Surface characteristics were qualitatively evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) before and after cyclic test. RESULTS: The results indicated that there were significant differences (P=0.000) in the retentive force of the 3 groups before and after the cyclic test. The highest retentive force was recorded in the vitallium clasps, and the lowest retentive force was measured in the pure titanium clasps. The results of X-ray NDT depicted the typical casting defect seen at the end of the connector. SEM examination revealed that no evidence of pores and cracks in the inner surfaces of the 3 groups was found before cyclic test. Wear was evident in the inner surfaces of the 3 groups but none of the clasps exhibited any evidence of cracks after cyclic test through SEM examination. CONCLUSIONS: In this in vitro test, vitallium clasps show the best retentive force in the 3 groups before and after 5000 cycles at 0.25 mm undercut depth. Cobalt-chromium alloy and vitallium clasps can maintain ideal retentive force at 0.25mm undercut depth in the long-term use. Wear may be one of the reasons for the loss of retentive force of clasps in the cyclic test.

Electrospun scaffolds for multiple tissues regeneration in vivo through topography dependent induction of lineage specific differentiation.

Physical topographic cues from various substrata have been shown to exert profound effects on the growth and differentiation of stem cells due to their niche-mimicking features. However, the biological function of different topographic materials utilized as bio-scaffolds in vivo have not been rigorously characterized. This study investigated the divergent differentiation pathways of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and neo-tissue formation trigged by aligned and randomly-oriented fibrous scaffolds, both in vitro and in vivo. The aligned group was observed to form more mature tendon-like tissue in the Achilles tendon injury model, as evidenced by histological scoring and collagen I immunohistochemical staining data. In contrast, the randomly-oriented group exhibited much chondrogenesis and subsequent bone tissue formation through ossification. Additionally, X-ray imaging and osteocalcin immunohistochemical staining also demonstrated that osteogenesis in vivo is driven by randomly oriented topography. Furthermore, MSCs on the aligned substrate exhibited tenocyte-like morphology and enhanced tenogenic differentiation compared to cells grown on randomly-oriented scaffold. qRT-PCR analysis of osteogenic marker genes and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining demonstrated that MSCs cultured on randomly-oriented fiber scaffolds displayed enhanced osteogenic differentiation compared with cells cultured on aligned fiber scaffolds. Finally, it was demonstrated that cytoskeletal tension release abrogated the divergent differentiation pathways on different substrate topography. Collectively, these findings illustrate the relationship between topographic cues of the scaffold and their inductive role in tissue regeneration; thus providing an insight into future development of smart functionalized bio-scaffold design and its application in tissue engineering.

[Effect of Eupolyphaga Sinensis Walker on mandibular distraction osteogenesis in rabbits].

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Eupolyphaga Sinensis Walker on mandibular distraction osteogenesis (DO) in rabbits. METHODS: 30 Japanese white rabbits (weight 2.0-2.5 kg, about 3 months old) were divided randomly into control group (n = 15) and experimental group (n = 15). Unilateral mandibular DO models were established at the right mandible of the rabbits. Distraction was started 7 days after the surgery at the speed of 0.4 mm per time twice a day and continued for 10 days. From the first day of distraction to the day of execution, the experimental group rabbits were fed with 2 g of ESW power once a day at 9 o' clock. Three animals in each group were executed respectively at 24 hours, 72 hours, 1 week, 4 weeks and 7 weeks after completion of distraction, and the specimens of DO were harvested. The general observation, X-ray examination, histological study and immunohistochemical staining of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were performed. The images of immunohistochemical staining of BMPs and VEGF were analyzed by the image analysis software, and the results were analyzed by statistical software SPSS 17.0. RESULTS: The rate of the new bone formation in the experimental group was faster than that in the control group, and the immunohistochemical staining of BMPs and VEGF in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. CONCLUSIONS: ESW can promote the formation of the new bone in the distracted gap during mandibular DO in rabbits, which may be due to its enhancement effect on the expression of BMPs and VEGF.

[Rehabilitation by hollow obturator prosthesis immediately after total maxillectomy for malignant tumor].

OBJECTIVE: The feasibility and clinical effects of hollow obturator prosthesis for the repair of maxillofacial defect immediately after maxillectomy for cancer were assessed. METHODS: Thirteen patients with T3-4aN0M0 maxillary neoplasm were treated by the prostheses immediately after maxillectomy. According to the 3D-CT reconstruction of nasal sinus, the 3D stereoscopic prototype was constructed before the surgery. Simulating surgery with Surgicare 5.0 software and then the prosthesis 3D stereoscopic model was shaped. The prosthesis was made quickly and precisely with methacrylate resins according to the model and the print mold before surgery, with supplementary tooth at the bottom of prosthesis. In the surgery, the prosthesis was installed instantly after maxillectomy. The patients were followed up at 1, 3 and 6 month after the surgery, respectively. The facial features and the pronunciation clarity were examined and the questionnaires were carried out in the patients, with comparation by paired t-test. The hollow obturator prosthesis would be replaced by permanent prosthesis made of methacrylate resins at 6 month after the surgery. RESULTS: The hollow obturator prostheses were installed accurately and maxillofacial defects were repaired immediately after maxillectomy in the 13 patients. Postoperative follow-up showed there were significant differences in eyeball sagging (t = 4.67, P < 0.05), mid-facial region collapse (t = 5.67, P < 0.05), and pronunciation clarity (t = 16.38, P < 0.05) between patients with and without prostheses. Questionnaires showed that all the patients were satisfied with the retention of prostheses, the improvement of appearance, the improvement of the symptom of water choking and speech definition. Six months after the surgery, the hollow obturator prostheses were replaced smoothly by permanent prostheses in 11 of the 13 patients. CONCLUSION: The precise and instant repair of maxillofacial defect by prosthesis after maxillectomy can improve survival quality of patient.

[Color distribution of the anterior teeth in 137 elder people].

PURPOSE: To study the color distribution of the anterior teeth in elder people. METHODS: 612 anterior teeth from 137 people aging from 60 to 81 years and 200 anterior teeth from 100 young people aging from 20 to 40 years were collected. A digital colorimeter was used to measure the value of L*,a*,b* of the teeth, and the chromatism (deltaE) was calculated according to the formula deltaE=(deltaL*(2)+deltaa*(2)+deltab*(2))1/2. All data were analyzed with SAS 6.12 software package for Student's t test. RESULTS: Totally, there were 612 vital anterior teeth from elder people, including 201 central incisors,199 lateral incisors and 212 canines, were collected. No difference was found between the teeth on the right side and the left side in terms of L*,a*,b*value(P>0.05). The mean value of L*,a*,b* of the central incisors was 71.2+/-6.22,0.97+/-1.12,15.9+/-5.04, respectively and that of the lateral incisors and the canines were 69.6+/-5.52,0.6+/-1.18,13.9+/-4.15 and 68.4+/-5.99,0.15+/-1.02,19.6+/-4.87, respectively.The mean value of L*,a*,b* of the central incisors and the canines from the youngster was 75.82,-0.11,12.68 and 72.07,1.22,17.92, respectively.There were significant differences between the central incisors and the lateral incisors as well as the canines (P<0.05) in terms of L* value. Meanwhile difference was also found among the incisors and the canines in terms of a* and b* value(P<0.05). The deltaE between the central incisors and the lateral incisors was 2.945NBS, and the value between the canines and the central incisors as well as the lateral incisors was 4.629NBS and 5.832NBS, respectively, indicating that the color difference could be perceived visually. Compared to the youngster, the teeth of the elder people demonstrated a lower L* and a* value, but a higher b* value (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Among elder people, the central incisors look much brighter than the lateral incisors and canines, while the canines have more redness and yellowness than the incisors, and the color of the lateral incisors exhibits lighter than the central incisors and the canines. Compared to the teeth from younger people, the teeth from elder people look much darker and yellower but less red. Supported by Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project (Grant No.T0202).

[The influence of the try-in pastes on the colour of all-ceramic veneers].

PURPOSE: To study the influence of the try-in pastes on the color of all-ceramic veneers made by Ips-empress II system. METHODS: 50 discolored teeth were collected and restored with all-ceramic veneers. Five try-in pastes including A1, A3, transleucent(Trt), white opaque(WOT) and B0.5 opaque(B0.5),which were different in shade, were respectively used to try in before cementing. The color was measured by the ShadeEye, a digital colorimeter, and expressed in terms of 3 coordinate values (L*,a*,b*) of the CIEL*a*b* system. Then the color differences(deltaEa*b*) of all-ceramic veneers[deltaEa*b*=(deltaL*(2)+deltaa*(2)+deltab*(2))(1/2)] as well as the value of L*deltaC(ab)[C(ab)=(a*(2)+b*(2))(1/2)] and H(ab)[H(ab)=arctan(b*/a*)]were calculated. Meanwhile,the thickness of the measurement point was measured and recorded. One-way ANOVA was used to analyze deltaEa*b* as well as L*,C(ab) and Hab. RESULTS: The average thickness of the ceramic was 1.088mm, and the colour of the veneers after try in with WOT paste and B0.5 paste performed a higher L* value than the other pastes (P<0.05).And the veneers also showed a higher C(ab) value after try in with WOT,B0.5 and A3 paste than the A1 and Trt paste (P<0.05). No significant differences were found in Hab value after these 50 veneers tried in with these five kinds of pastes. CONCLUSIONS: It's more advisable to choose the WOT or the B0.5 luting agent to cement the veneer when the abutment tooth is severely discolored, while the Trt or the A1 shade and A3 shade luting resin may be more appropriate if the abutment tooth doesn't discolor or a little compared with the adjacent tooth.

[The reconstruction of geometric models of dentition defects based on 3-dimensional industrial computed tomography image].

PURPOSE: A technique on data capture of plaster models for building 3-dimensional geometric models of dentition defects was presented for the purpose of further computer-aided design and manufacture (CAD/CAM)of removable partial denture. METHODS: A plaster model with dentition defects was scanned with low energy X-ray industrial computed tomography (ICT) for ICT image. The data after image processing and vectorization were transferred to a customized reverse engineering software system, and a CAD model of dentition defects was reconstructed. Then a 3-dimensional digital model of removable partial denture framework was created with CAD/CAM software system. Import/export of the data was in STL format. RESULTS: Dense and uniform data points without blind areas were acquired and the structure of the reconstructed CAD model of dentition defects was clean and smooth. CAD model of framework was then obtained. CONCLUSIONS: The method presented is practical for 3-dimensional data capture, and it helps build reliable 3-dimensional geometric models with better spatial resolution and higher precision than conventional technique with medical CT.