Mandibular Deviation With Longstanding Temporomandibular Joint Dislocation Caused by Lateral Pterygoid Muscle Hyaline Degeneration.

The present report described a rare case of mandible deviation with longstanding unilateral temporomandibular joint dislocation caused by lateral pterygoid muscle hyaline degeneration. A 28-year-old male was referred for mandible deviation for 2 years. It was found that the left condyle was dislocated just below the articular eminence with the dilated capsule in magnetic resonance imaging images. After surgical dissection of the lateral pterygoid muscle, which was excessively attached to the condyle, the left condyle was reduced, and the patient's mandibular deviation was greatly improved. The pathologic results showed lateral pterygoid muscle hyaline degeneration.

Identification of salivary autoantibodies as biomarkers of oral cancer with immunoglobulin A enrichment combined with affinity mass spectrometry.

Globally, oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common fatal illnesses. Its high mortality is ascribed to the fact that the disease is often diagnosed at a late stage, which indicates an urgent need for approaches for the early detection of OSCC. The use of salivary autoantibodies (autoAbs) as OSCC biomarkers has numerous advantages such as easy access to saliva samples and efficient detection of autoAbs using well-established secondary reagents. To improve OSCC screening, we identified OSCC-associated autoAbs with the enrichment of salivary autoAbs combined with affinity mass spectrometry (MS). The salivary IgA of healthy individuals and OSCC patients was purified with peptide M-conjugated beads and then applied to immunoprecipitated antigens (Ags) in OSCC cells. Using tandem MS analysis and spectral counting-based quantitation, the level of 10 Ags increased in the OSCC group compared with the control group. Moreover, salivary levels of autoAbs to the 10 Ags were determined by a multiplexed bead-based immunoassay. Among them, seven were significantly higher in early-stage OSCC patients than in healthy individuals. A marker panel consisting of autoAbs to LMAN2, PTGR1, RAB13, and UQCRC2 was further developed to improve the early diagnosis of OSCC.

Public Perceptions of Transoral Endocrine Surgery and their Influence on Choice of Operative Approach.

BACKGROUND: Transoral Endocrine Surgery (TES) represents an alternative to the open approach with no visible scar. Studies have shown TES has a safety profile similar to the open approach, but adoption has been limited. Public perception and preference for TES are factors associated with adoption that have not been explored. Here we aim to understand the perception of TES by the public and factors which influence decision making. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A 38-question survey was designed to assess factors which influence willingness to pursue TES. The survey was distributed utilizing Amazon Mechanical Turk (MTurk), a crowdsourcing marketplace in which individuals perform tasks virtually based on interest. Descriptive analyses, Pearson chi-squared tests, Student's t-tests, and multivariate logistic regression were performed to evaluate theoretical decision to pursue TES. RESULTS: Respondents (n = 795) were 47% female, 78% white, 70% held a college degree or higher, and had a mean age of 37. The majority (69%) preferred a mouth incision over a neck incision. Respondents were willing to pursue TES for a theoretical cancer despite increased cost (52%) and longer operative time (70%). Respondents top two most important surgical factors were safety and experience. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest the general public is willing to pursue TES and factors thought to be barriers to choosing TES may not deter the public. An informed discussion with appropriately-selected patients should be had between the patient and surgeon regarding specific surgical and postoperative differences including risks, safety, and experience.

Identification of Salivary Biomarkers for Oral Cancer Detection with Untargeted and Targeted Quantitative Proteomics Approaches.

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide. In Taiwan, OSCC is the fifth leading cause of cancer-related mortality and leads to 2800 deaths per year. The poor outcome of OSCC patients is principally ascribed to the fact that this disease is often advanced at the time of diagnosis, suggesting that early detection of OSCC is urgently needed. Analysis of cancer-related body fluids is one promising approach to identify biomarker candidates of cancers. To identify OSCC biomarkers, salivary proteomes of OSCC patients, individuals with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMDs), and healthy volunteers were comparatively profiled with isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based mass spectrometry (MS). The salivary levels of 67 and 18 proteins in the OSCC group are elevated and decreased compared with that in the noncancerous group (OPMD and healthy groups), respectively. The candidate biomarkers were further selected using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM)-MS and validated with the immunoassays. More importantly, the higher salivary level of three proteins, complement factor H (CFH), fibrinogen alpha chain (FGA), and alpha-1-antitrypsin (SERPINA1) was correlated with advanced stages of OSCC. Our results indicate that analysis of salivary proteome is a feasible strategy for biomarker discovery, and the three proteins are potential salivary markers for OSCC diagnosis.

Bio-based thermoplastic poly(butylene succinate-co-propylene succinate) copolyesters: effect of glycerol on thermal and mechanical properties.

Poly(butylene succinate-co-propylene succinate) (PBSPS) was polymerized using succinic acid, 1,4-butanediol, 1,3-propanediol, and glycerol (GC). The PBSPS copolyester with a BS/PS ratio of 7/3 has a low melting point (Tm, 80 °C) and crystallization temperature (Tc, 20 °C) in addition to excellent thermal stability with a thermal degradation temperature (Td) above 300 °C. Isodimorphism was observed for 30-50 mol% PS, lowering Tm and Tc. The featured crystalline lattices (021) and (110) of PBS at 2θ = 21.5° and 22.5° gradually disappeared with PS content greater than 50 mol% and transformed into a PPS crystalline lattice at 2θ = 22.3°. Young's modulus decreased with increasing PS content due to crystallinity loss. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction demonstrated that the chain movement regularity was affected by the GC content, reducing the crystallinity. The PBSPS copolyesters were elastic with 0.001 mol% GC but became rigid with GC content greater than 0.01 mol%. The chain conformation was flexible for 0.001-0.01 mol% GC and exhibited an irregular steric architecture for 0.02-0.03 mol% GC due to more GC acting as nodes. Thus, the thermal and mechanical properties of the synthesized bio-based PBSPS copolyesters can be controlled by adjusting the GC content; therefore, such copolyesters are suitable for medical support, coating, and phase-change material applications.

Anterolateral Thigh Flap Combined with Reconstruction Plate Versus Double Free Flaps for Composite Mandibular Reconstruction: A Propensity Score-Matched Study.

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed to examine the comparative effectiveness of oromandibular defect reconstruction via anterolateral thigh flap and bridging plate (ALT only) versus simultaneous soft tissue and vascularized bone flap (DFF), with regards to long-term plate exposure and complications. METHODS: A propensity score-matched analysis of patients with an oncologic head and neck defect who underwent microvascular reconstruction was performed. Two surgical groups, i.e., ALT only and DFF, were created. Incidence and subsequent management strategies for postoperative plate exposure were evaluated along with complications, overall survival, and postoperative quality of life (QoL). RESULTS: Sixty-two patients were 1:1 propensity matched (31 per group). The DFF group had a significantly larger soft tissue and bone defect than the single-flap group. The 5-year probability of not having a plate exposure was 45.5 and 47.4% for the double-flaps and single-flap groups, respectively (p = 0.186). The ALT-only group had a significantly higher rate of wound infections (38.7% vs. 12.9%, p = 0.02). The incidence of flap loss, reexploration, inpatient mortality, plate fracture, medical complications, and overall survival were not significantly different. Although mean score for pain was significantly worse in the ALT-only group (75.2 vs. 88.5, p < 0.001), the remainder of our QoL assessments (cosmesis, swallow, employment, and speech) were comparable. CONCLUSIONS: The utilization of an ALT with plate strategy is associated with competitive rates of plate exposure and overall survival relative to DFF but higher wound infections and long-term pain. These results have considerable salience for patient-counseling regarding expectations for functional and clinical outcomes.

Enhanced Fibroblast Cellular Ligamentization Process to Polyethylene Terepthalate Artificial Ligament by Silk Fibroin Coating.

Artificial ligaments utilized in reconstruction of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) are usually made of polyethylene terepthalate (PET) because of its good mechanical properties in vivo. However, it was found that the deficiencies in hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of PET hindered the process of ligamentization. Therefore, surface modification of the PET is deemed as a solution in resolving such problem. Silk fibroin (SF), which is characterized by good biocompatibility and low immunogenicity in clinical applications, was utilized to prepare a coating on the PET ligament (PET+SF) in this work. At first, decrease of hydrophobicity and appearance of amino groups were found on the surface of artificial PET ligament after coating with SF. Second, mouse fibroblasts were cultured on the two different kinds of ligament in order to clarify the possible effect of SF coating. It was proved that mouse fibroblasts display better adhesion and proliferation on PET+SF than PET ligament according to the results of several technical methods including SEM observation, cell adhesive force and spread area test, and mRNA analysis. Meanwhile, methylthiazolyldiphenyl-tetrazolium bromide and DNA content tests showed that biocompatibility of PET+SF is better than PET ligament. In addition, collagen deposition tests also indicated that the quantity of collagen in PET+SF is higher than PET ligament. Based on these results, it can be concluded that SF coating is suggested to be an effective approach to modify the surface of PET ligament and enhance the "ligamentization" process in vivo accordingly.

Saliva proteome profiling reveals potential salivary biomarkers for detection of oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

Oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), which is frequently associated with poor prognosis and mortality, is a leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Discovery of body fluid accessible biomarkers is needed to improve OSCC screening. To this end, we profiled proteomes of saliva from the healthy volunteers, the individuals with oral potentially malignant disorders (OPMD), and the OSCC patients by means of SDS-PAGE coupled with LC-MS/MS. In the control, the OPMD, and the OSCC groups, 958, 845, and 1030 salivary proteins were detected, respectively. With spectral counting-based label-free quantification, 22 overexpressed salivary proteins were identified in the OSCC group compared with the healthy controls and the OPMD individuals. Among them, resistin (RETN) was subjected to further validation with an independent cohort using ELISA. The data confirmed that the salivary RETN levels in the OSCC patients were significantly higher than that in the healthy or in the OPMD group. Moreover, the elevated levels of salivary RETN were highly correlated with late-stage primary tumors, advanced overall stage, and lymph-node metastasis. Our results not only reveal that profiling of saliva proteome is feasible for discovery of OSCC biomarkers, but also identify RETN as a potential salivary biomarker for OSCC detection.

Treatment of patella fracture by claw-like shape memory alloy.

INTRODUCTION: Titanium-nickel shape memory alloy (Ti-Ni SMA) is characterized by shape-memory effect, super-elasticity, excellent fatigue behavior, corrosion resistance, acceptable biocompatibility and high damping capacity. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Claw-like Ti-Ni SMA fixator (SMA-claw) has been used to treat transverse fracture of patella. 29 patients (19 males, 10 females) aged from 21 to 71 years old (averaged 43.0 years old) have been received open reduction and internal fixation with SMA-claw from January 2011 to December 2011. After operation, patients have been received gradual knee function exercises, followed by radiographic analysis and Lysholm Knee Score at 1, 2, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months postoperation. RESULTS: The mean follow-up time was 11.48 months (25 patients finished, 1 lost after 6 months and 3 lost after 9 months). Radiographic bone union occurred at 2 months (7 patients) or 3 months (22 patients). Satisfied range of motion for the knee joint has been observed with 1.90/141.72° (hyperextension/flexion) at 3 months, 4.83/143.97° at 6 months, 4.82/144.82° at 9 months and 5.2/145° at 12 months postsurgery. CONCLUSION: The Ti-Ni SMA-claw fixator produced good osteosynthesis effect by continuous recovery stress with relatively simple and minimally invasive handling process, which can be introduced as an alternative to traditional tension band technique for treatment of patellar transverse fracture.

Bone formation in adipose-derived stem cells isolated from elderly patients with osteoporosis: a preliminary study.

We have explored the osteogenic potency of adipose-derived stem cells from osteoporotic patients (opASCs). opASCs were osteogenically induced in vitro with collagen I hydrogel or in culture plate. Detection of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) and cell mineralisation, and quantitative RT-PCR of collagen I, osteocalcin and bone sialoprotein were undertaken. Proliferation and morphology studies were also performed. After 14 days, opASCs-collagen I hydrogel composite was implanted into nude mice for 4 weeks prior to radiographic and histological analysis. Staining of ALPase and cell mineralisation was strongly positive in opASCs. Fibroblast-like opASCs induced with collagen I hydrogel were evenly distributed and proliferated at a higher rate than in culture plates, showing similar growth curves for both genders. Expression of ALPase activity, cell mineralisation and osteogenic specific genes were higher in opASCs with collagen I hydrogel (male samples had better osteogenicity than female samples) than in culture plates. After implantation for 4 weeks, radiopaque area signifying new bone tissue was observed in opASCs-collagen I hydrogel composite, with no donor gender differences. Thus opASCs with collagen I hydrogel have adequate osteogenic potency and offer new possibilities for osteoporosis-related bone tissue engineering in male and female patients.

The antibacterial and antialgal enhancement of the hydroquinone acrylamide polyurethane coating based on microphase separation.

The undesirable and inevitable adhesion of marine organisms on submerged surfaces has seriously affect the environment, economy and society, so emerging and promising strategies for antifouling are required. Here, the novel and environmental strategy of the antibacterial and antialgal materials was proposed for the application of the antifouling coating without releasing harmful substances. The environment-friendly antifouling agent, the capsaicin derivative N-(2,5-dihydroxy-4-acrylamide meth-ylbenzyl)acrylamide (PHABA), was modified to the molecular chain of the polyurethane. The best tensile strength was up to 23.5 MPa of PUP-25% and the elongation at break was 415% of PUP-25%. The excellent wear resistance (300 wear cycles) and chemical solution resistance (H2SO4, NaOH, and NaCl solutions) revealed the applicability of the coating. PHABA would migrate to the surface of the polyurethane coating with time and enhanced the antibacterial and antialgal properties of the coating. PUP-25% prevented more than 90% of bacterial and algal adhesion, indicating the potential application of the antifouling coating.

Anterior cervical discectomy and fusion with a zero-profile VA spacer device: a clinical and radiological study with two-year follow-up.

STUDY DESIGN: A retrospective study. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes of the anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) with a novel zero-profile variable-angle (Zero-P VA) spacer and a traditional poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) cage and plate system in cases pertaining to cervical radiculopathy/myelopathy. There are two conventional types of ACDF procedures aimed at treating symptomatic cervical spondylosis. The first one involves an uninstrumented "stand-alone" approach utilizing bone graft/cage, while the second incorporates bone graft/cage in conjunction with a front plate positioned before the vertebral bodies. Both procedures have their own inherent advantages and disadvantages. The Zero-P VA spacer, however, represents a unique synthesis by amalgamating the advantages of both traditionally typical procedures. Notably, this spacer can potentially circumvent the issue related to prevertebral soft-tissue disturbance and reduce the occurrence of dysphagia. METHODS: Using our surgical database, the authors systematically conducted a retrospective analysis encompassing all patients who underwent single-level ACDF between January 2018 and January 2019, with a minimum two-year follow-up. Patients either received a Zero-P VA implant or PEEK cage coupled with plating. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) for arm and neck pain were documented. Dysphagia was evaluated using the Eating Assessment Tool-10 (ETA-10). Additional parameters such as cervical alignment, fusion rate and the incidence of postoperative complications were assessed. RESULTS: According to the outcomes of the statistical analysis, there was no substantial disparity that emerged in the advancements observed in the JOA and VAS metrics between the two study cohorts. Noteworthy, however, the ETA-10 scores were statistically significantly reduced in the Zero-P VA group compared to the cage and plating group (p < 0.05). At the final follow-up, there were no statistically significant differences in the height of the operated segment, Cobb angle of the fused segment, C2-C7 Cobb angle and fusion rate between the two groups (p > 0.05). However, postoperative complications were slightly lower in patients with the Zero-P VA group (7.69%) as compared to the cage and plating group (16.67%). CONCLUSION: The clinical outcomes observed with the Zero-P VA spacer used for single-level ACDF were found to be satisfactory. The performance of this device is comparable or even superior to the traditional cage and plating method in preventing postoperative dysphagia and mitigating potential complications associated with the use of a plate.

Dual crosslinking silk fibroin/pectin-based bioink development and the application on neural stem/progenitor cells spheroid laden 3D bioprinting.

The human nervous system is an incredibly intricate physiological network, and neural cells lack the ability to repair and regenerate after a brain injury. 3-dimensional (3D) bioprinting technology offers a promising strategy for constructing biomimetic organ constructs and in vitro brain/disease models. The bioink serves as a pivotal component that emulates the microenvironment of biomimetic construct and exerts a profound influence on cellular behaviors. In this study, a series of mechanically adjustable and dual crosslinking bioinks were developed using photocrosslinkable methacrylated silk fibroin (SilMA) in combination with the ionic crosslinking material, pectin, or pectin methacryloyl (PecMA) with silk fibroin (SF) supplementation. SilMA/pectin exhibited superior properties, with SilMA providing biocompatibility and adjustable mechanical properties, while the addition of pectin enhanced printability. The porous structure supported neural cell growth, and 15 % SilMA/0.5 % pectin bioinks displayed excellent printability and shape fidelity. Neural stem/progenitor cells (NSPCs)-loaded bioinks were used to construct a 3D brain model, demonstrating sustained vitality and high neuronal differentiation without the need for growth factors. The SilMA/pectin bioinks demonstrated adjustable mechanical properties, favorable biocompatibility, and an environment highly conducive to neural induction, offering an alternative approach for neural tissue engineering applications or in vitro brain models.

Evaluation of human enterovirus 71 and coxsackievirus A16 specific immunoglobulin M antibodies for diagnosis of hand-foot-and-mouth disease.

BACKGROUND: Hand-foot-and-mouth disease (HFMD) is caused mainly by the human enterovirus type 71 (HEV71) and the Coxsackievirus A group type 16 (CVA16). Large outbreaks of disease have occurred frequently in the Asia-Pacific region. Reliable methods are needed for diagnosis of HFMD in children. IgM-capture ELISA, with its notable advantages of convenience and low cost, provides a potentially frontline assay. We aimed to evaluate the newly developed IgM-capture ELISAs for HEV71 and CVA16 in the diagnosis of HFMD, and to measure the kinetics of IgM over the course of HEV71 or CVA16 infections. RESULTS: We mapped, for the first time, the kinetics of IgM in HEV71 and CVA16 infection. HEV71- and CVA16-IgM were both detectable in some patients on day 1 of illness, and in 100% of patients by day 5 (HEV71) and day 8 (CVA16) respectively; both IgMs persisted for several weeks. The IgM detection rates were 90.2% (138 of 153 sera) and 68.0% (66 of 97 sera) for HEV71 and CVA16 infections, respectively, during the first 7 days of diseases. During the first 90 days after onset these values were 93.6% (233 of 249 sera) and 72.8% (91 of 125 sera) for HEV71 and CVA16 infections, respectively. Some cross-reactivity was observed between HEV71- and CVA16-IgM ELISAs. HEV71-IgM was positive in 38 of 122 (31.1%) CVA16 infections, 14 of 49 (28.6%) other enteroviral infections and 2 of 105 (1.9%) for other respiratory virus infected sera. Similarly, CVA16-IgM was apparently positive in 58 of 211 (27.5%) HEV71 infections, 16 of 48 (33.3%) other enterovirus infections and 3 of 105 (2.9%) other respiratory virus infected sera. Nevertheless, the ELISA yielded the higher OD450 value of main antibody than that of cross-reaction antibody, successfully identifying the enteroviral infection in 96.6% (HEV71) and 91.7% (CVA16) cases. When blood and rectal swabs were collected on the same day, the data showed that the agreement between IgM-capture ELISA and real-time RT-PCR in HEV71 was high (Kappa value = 0.729) while CVA16 somewhat lower (Kappa value = 0.300). CONCLUSIONS: HEV71- and CVA16-IgM ELISAs can be deployed successfully as a convenient and cost-effective diagnostic tool for HFMD in clinical laboratories.

Porous calcium sulfate ceramics with tunable degradation rate.

It would be ideal if bone substitutes could be absorbed by the human body upon the formation of new bone. Although calcium sulfate is absorbable, its biodegradation rate is very fast. Fortunately, this rate can be reduced significantly through various sintering techniques. This study demonstrates that the degradation rate of sintered CS specimens can be adjusted through the introduction of pores. Through various techniques, we introduced spherical pores with amounts ranging from 6.7 to 68 % into sintered CS specimens. The corresponding degradation rate in Hank's solution varied from 1.9 to 7.7 %/day and the cytotoxicity test results indicated low toxicity within the sintered CS specimens.

Effect of early interventions with manual lymphatic drainage and rehabilitation exercise on morbidity and lymphedema in patients with oral cavity cancer.

BACKGROUND: There are clinical and statistical inconsistencies regarding early intervention with manual lymphatic drainage (MLD). The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term effect of early interventions with rehabilitation exercise versus MLD and rehabilitation exercise in terms of pain, range of motion (ROM) and lymphedema in patients with oral cancer after surgery. METHODS: A total of 39 patients who underwent surgery from December 2014 to December 2018 participated in this randomized single-blind study. There were 20 patients in the rehabilitation (R) group and 19 in the MLD (M) plus rehabilitation group. The R group received 30 minutes of rehabilitation intervention; and the M group received 30 minutes of MLD, in addition to 30 minutes of rehabilitation intervention in a work day. Clinical measures, including the visual analog pain scale (VAS), ROM of the neck and shoulder, ultrasonography and face distance for lymphedema, and the Földi and Miller lymphedema scales, were assessed before surgery, before intervention and when discharged from the hospital. RESULTS: The VAS pain score, ROM of the neck, and internal and external rotation of the right shoulder were significantly improved after the interventions. Right-face distance (P = .005), and skin-to-bone distance (SBD) of the bilateral horizontal mandible and left ascending mandibular ramus were significantly improved after the interventions. Left lateral flexion of the neck (P = .038) and SBD of the right ascending mandibular ramus (P < .001) in the MLD group showed more improvement than that of the rehabilitation group. CONCLUSION: Early intervention with MLD and the rehabilitation program were effective in improving ROM of the neck and controlling lymphedema in acute-phase rehabilitation. The preliminary findings suggest a potential therapeutic role for early intervention with MLD, in addition to rehabilitation exercise, in that they yielded more benefits in lymphedema control and improvement of ROM of the neck in acute care.

In Vivo Evaluation of the Effects of Sintering Temperature on the Optical Properties of Dental Glass-Ceramics.

In prosthodontics, the ability of glass-ceramics to express the optical properties of natural teeth is an important goal of esthetic restorations. Dental restorations do not merely need to be similar in color to natural teeth; proper optical properties, such as opalescence, transparency, etc., must be combined in order to achieve excellent esthetic effects. The optical properties of ceramic materials are mainly distinguished by different hues (e.g., A, B, C, and D) combined with translucency (e.g., high translucency (HT), medium translucency (MT), low translucency (LT), and medium opacity (MO)). However, there are many varieties of tooth color. Therefore, it is expected that glass-ceramics can change their nanocrystal size and porosity through different heat-treatment temperatures and times and, thereby, present different transparency effects. This study mainly analyzed the influence of changes in sintering temperature on the optical properties of glass-ceramics. The optical properties of glass-ceramics in the oral cavity were evaluated with human trials. We hypothesized that (1) the transparency of glass-ceramics can be changed by controlling the sintering temperature and (2) glass-ceramics modified by the sintering temperature can be suitable for clinical applications. Results showed that the transparency decreased, the nanoparticle size increased, the crystallinity increased, and the surface hardness decreased as the sintering temperature increased. High-brightness glass-ceramics have more-sensitive optical properties. Results of clinical trials showed that glass-ceramics whose transparency was changed by controlling the sintering temperature can be candidates for clinical applications. Based on the above results, the hypotheses of this study were supported. In the future, we will continue to explore the esthetic field of dental restorations.

[Anaphylactoid reactions induced by polysorbate 80 on Beagle dogs].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the sensitization effect of polysorbate 80 from different factories on Beagle dogs. METHOD: Beagles dogs were randomly divided into 5 groups, 3 in each group, received respectively the intravenous infusion of polysorbate 80 made by four factories in the concentration of 0.5%, with the constant infusing speed of 5 mL x min(-1) and volume of 10 mL x kg(-1). Changes were observed before infusion and in the 24 h after infusion, time of symptom appearance and disappearance was recorded, and the grade of response was determined. Moreover, blood pressure and heart rates were tested by the machine of Bp-98E, blood samples of animals were collected before infusion and at 10 min after ending infusion for measuring histamine content in plasma using ELISA. Then the sensitization effect was comprehensively estimated by combined consideration of the responding grade and histamine level. RESULT: Typical symptoms of anaphylactoid reactions were found in sample 3 group, atypical symptoms were found in other polysorbate 80 groups. Different degrees of heart rate speeding and blood pressure downing were found in polysorbate 80 groups. No over 1-fold increase of plasma histamine level was found in all groups. The atypical anaphylactoid reactions and blood pressure of sample 2 group was lighter than other polysorbate 80 groups. Estimation showed that the sample 3 induced the suspicious anaphylactoid reactions, other test solutions did not induce the typical anaphylactoid reactions on Beagle dogs. CONCLUSION: For allergies and other special populations, there is still a certain risk to applicate polysorbate 80 in the concentration of 0.5%. Production process of polysorbate 80 have a certain influence on allergenicity, refined polysorbate 80 increase the security, but further reasearchs are needed to confirmed.

[Incidence and risk factors of temporomandibular joint disorders in patients with bimaxillary protrusion after orthodontic treatment].

PURPOSE: To observe the occurrence of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) in patients with bimaxillary protrusion after orthodontic treatment, and to explore the possible factors causing this phenomenon, so as to guide rational prevention of TMD in clinic. METHODS: The clinical data of 80 patients with bimaxillary protrusion who received orthodontic treatment in Hebei Provincial People's Hospital from March 2019 to October 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with TMD after orthodontic treatment were included in the experimental group and the remaining patients were included in control group. The baseline data questionnaire was designed for bimaxillary protrusion patients after orthodontic treatment. The risk factors of TMD were included in the study. Through a series of univariate and multivariate analysis, the influencing factors of TMD in patients with bimaxillary protrusion after orthodontic treatment were determined. SPSS 23.0 software package was used to analyze the data. RESULTS: Among 80 patients with bimaxillary protrusion after orthodontic treatment, 15(18.75%) were included in the experimental group, while 65(81.25%) did not have TMD, and were included in the control group. After a preliminary analysis of the baseline data, the variables with significant difference were included in the independent variables for univariate analysis. After adjusting for the influence of other baseline data, the results showed that younger age, girl, high stress perception scale score, bad oral habits, dental caries, history of maxillofacial trauma, bad eating habits, and root canal treatment history were the causes of bimaxillary protrusion. CONCLUSIONS: The risk factors of TMD of patients with bimaxillary protrusion after orthodontic treatment may be closely related to girl, younger age, high stress perception score, bad eating habits, previous caries, root canal treatment history and maxillofacial trauma. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen the standardization of orthodontic treatment, publicize oral health awareness, establish good eating habits. Patients who had a history of root canal therapy, maxillofacial trauma and dental caries should be vigilant, which may be of positive significance in reducing the incidence of TMD.

Oral Microbiota Profile of Individuals Who Abuse Methamphetamine.

The poor oral health condition of individuals who abuse methamphetamine (MA) is well known. The roles of the oral and fecal microbiomes in addiction and nervous system diseases have been the focus of many studies. However, changes in the microbiota composition of MA users have not been reported. This was addressed in the present study in 20 MA users and 14 sex-matched healthy subjects. Saliva samples were collected and high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing and bioinformatic analysis were performed to evaluate oral microbiome profiles. The results showed that species richness was significantly lower in the MA group than in the control group. Bacterial taxa that are known to be related to oral diseases such as Negativicutes, Veillonellaceae, Veillonella, and Selenomonadales had higher relative abundance in the MA group than in the control group, and the relative abundance of Prevotella melaninogenica-a putative etiologic agent of periodontal disease-was also higher. Avoiding MA use and improving oral hygiene practices over a short term (i.e., during hospitalization for 2 weeks) did not alter the oral microbiota composition of MA users. Although the causal relationship between changes in oral microbiome profile and MA abuse remains to be determined, our results suggest that oral disease prevention and treatment strategies are important for MA users.