Design, Synthesis, and Biological Activities of Novel 2-Cyanoacrylate Compounds Containing Substituted Pyrazolyl or 1,2,3-Triazolyl Moiety.

To develop novel 2-cyanoacrylate derivatives with potential bioactivity, a number of 2-cyanoacrylate compounds, including substituted pyrazole or 1,2,3-triazole ring, were designed, prepared, and structurally detected by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and elemental analysis. The biological assessment displayed that some designed compounds had significant herbicidal activities against Brassica juncea, Chenopodium serotinum, Rumex acetosa, Alopecurus aequalis, Polypogon fugax, and Poa annua at a dosage of 1500 g/ha. Furthermore, some derivatives still expressed satisfactory herbicidal activities against Brassica juncea, Chenopodium serotinum, and Rumex acetosa when the dosage was lowered to 150 g/ha, especially the inhibitory effects of compounds 9a, 9d, 9f, 9i, 10a, 10b, 10e, and 10n against Brassica juncea were all over 80%, compounds 9d, 9f, 9g, 9h, 9i, 10h, 10i, 10m, 10n, and 10o possessed more than 70% inhibition rates against Chenopodium serotinum, and compound 9d indicated 70% herbicidal activity against Rumex acetosa. These results provided an important basis for further design and discovery of biologically active 2-cyanoacrylate compounds.

Comparison of pedicle screw fixation with or without cement augmentation for treating single-segment isthmic spondylolisthesis in the osteoporotic spine.

The present study examined the necessity of cement-augmented pedicle screw fixation in osteoporotic patients with single-segment isthmic spondylolisthesis.Fifty-nine cases were reviewed retrospectively. Thirty-three cases were in the polymethylmethacrylate-augmented pedicle screw (PMMA-PS) group, and the other 26 cases were in the conventional pedicle screw (CPS) group. Evaluation data included operation time, intraoperative blood loss, hospitalization cost, hospitalization days, rates of fusion, screw loosening, bone cement leakage, visual analogue scale (VAS) scores, Oswestry disability index (ODI), lumbar lordosis (LL), pelvic tilt (PT) and sacral slope (SS).The operation time and blood loss in the CPS group decreased significantly compared to those in the PMMA-PS group. The average hospitalization cost of the PMMA-PS group was significantly higher than that of the CPS group. There was no significant difference in the average hospital stay between the 2 groups. The initial and last follow-up postoperative VAS and ODI scores improved significantly in the two groups. There were no significant differences in VAS and ODI between the 2 groups at each time point. The last postoperative spine-pelvic parameters were significantly improved compared with those preoperatively. In the PMMA-PS group, the fusion rate was 100%. The fusion rate was 96.15% in the CPS group. No significant difference was found between the two groups for the fusion rate. Nine patients in the PMMA-PS group had bone cement leakage. There was no screw loosening in the PMMA-PS group. There were 2 cases of screw loosening in the CPS group. There were no significant differences in screw loosening, postoperative adjacent segment fractures, postoperative infection or postoperative revision between the 2 groups. The use of PMMA-PS on a regular basis is not recommended in posterior lumbar interbody fusion for the treatment of single-segment isthmic spondylolisthesis with osteoporosis.

Application of organic polymeric flocculants in centrifugal dewatering of oil refinery sludge.

In order to evaluate the applicability of the organic polymeric flocculants (OPF) in the treatment of oil refinery sludge, experiments were conducted to show that OPF have better performance of flocculation than inorganic flocculants. Both the anionic and cationic OPF have satisfactory flocculation efficiency in oil sludge treatment, but the latter are more cost-efficient. Among the over 20 types of flocculants tested, 2 OPF (CPAM-2 and HPAM-2) were selected as the treatment agents, based on their good treatment performances, oil-resistance and economic feasibility. It was demonstrated in the industrial-scale centrifugal dewatering experiments that the application of either CPAM-2 or HPAM-2 could achieve high treatment efficiency of the oil sludge dewatering and reduce the COD of centrifugal liquid to less than 1000 mg/L.

[Controlled observation on combination of Shu-stream and Ying-spring acupoints for toothache].

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effect between combination of Shu-stream and Ying-spring acupoints and routine acupoints selected by syndrome differentiation for toothache. METHODS: Eighty-five cases were randomly divided into a combination of Shu-stream and Ying-spring acupoints group (group A, 43 cases) and a routine acupionts group (group B, 42 cases). In group A, according to the corresponding relationship between viscera-meridians and different kinds of teeth, the Shu-stream and Ying-spring acupoints at both sides of the corresponding meridians were sleeted. The group B was treated with acupuncture at Jiache (ST 6), Xiaguan (ST 7), Hegu (LI 4), erjian (LI 2), Neiting (ST 44). Yifeng (TE 17) and Fengchi (GB 20) were added for wind and fire attacking; Lidui (ST 45) and Quchi (LI 11) were added for intense stomach fire; Taixi (KI 3) and Zhaohai (KI 6) were added for deficiency fire flaming up. Electroacupuncture was applied in two groups, once every day, ten treatments constituted one course, the differences of effect and recurrence rate were observed after one course and half a year later. RESULTS: The cured rate were respectively 88.4% (38/43)and 69.0% (29/42) in group A and group B, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). The recurrence rates were respectively 23.7% (9/38) and 55.2% (16/29) in group A and group B, with a significant difference (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Both short-term and long-term therapeutic effects of combination of Shu-stream and Ying-spring acupoints are significantly better than those of routine acupoints in treating toothache.