Three-dimensional relationships between condylar volume and dentoskeletal characteristics in Class II hyperdivergent female adults.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to determine the differences among various volumes of condylar osseous patterns and the corresponding dentoskeletal characteristics based on the risk of temporomandibular disorder. METHODS: Craniofacial spiral computed tomography data of 60 Class II hyperdivergent female adults were divided into normal, resorptive, flattened, and osteophyte groups based on condylar osseous forms. The condylar volumes of each group were compared, and their correlations with the dentoskeletal characteristics were assessed in three dimensions. Pairwise least significant difference tests were used to examine individual pairwise differences between groups, and one-way analysis of variance was used to measure differences among multiple groups. Pearson correlation and Spearman rank correlation analyses were used to determine the correlation between condylar volume and dentofacial characteristics. Statistical significance was established at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The condylar volume in the normal group was significantly greater than that in the changed groups, with no significant differences between the subgroups. The decrease in condylar volume was associated with a retruded and clockwise-rotated mandible with shorter rami. Condylar volume was negatively correlated with overjet, the alveolar height of the lower anterior and posterior teeth, sagittal inclinations of the lower teeth, intermolar width of the mandibular first molars, and width between the corresponding alveolar crests. CONCLUSION: Multiple three-dimensional dentoskeletal characteristics of Class II hyperdivergent female adults are correlated with condylar bony changes, regardless of the form. These results could be helpful in indicating potential pathological changes in the temporomandibular joint and in making proper treatment plans for these patients.

Chitosan and Whey Protein Bio-Inks for 3D and 4D Printing Applications with Particular Focus on Food Industry.

The application of chitosan (CS) and whey protein (WP) alone or in combination in 3D/4D printing has been well considered in previous studies. Although several excellent reviews on additive manufacturing discussed the properties and biomedical applications of CS and WP, there is a lack of a systemic review about CS and WP bio-inks for 3D/4D printing applications. Easily modified bio-ink with optimal printability is a key for additive manufacturing. CS, WP, and WP-CS complex hydrogel possess great potential in making bio-ink that can be broadly used for future 3D/4D printing, because CS is a functional polysaccharide with good biodegradability, biocompatibility, non-immunogenicity, and non-carcinogenicity, while CS-WP complex hydrogel has better printability and drug-delivery effectivity than WP hydrogel. The review summarizes the current advances of bio-ink preparation employing CS and/or WP to satisfy the requirements of 3D/4D printing and post-treatment of materials. The applications of CS/WP bio-ink mainly focus on 3D food printing with a few applications in cosmetics. The review also highlights the trends of CS/WP bio-inks as potential candidates in 4D printing. Some promising strategies for developing novel bio-inks based on CS and/or WP are introduced, aiming to provide new insights into the value-added development and commercial CS and WP utilization.

Cascade and Ultrafast Artificial Antioxidases Alleviate Inflammation and Bone Resorption in Periodontitis.

Periodontitis, one of the most common, challenging, and rapidly expanding oral diseases, is an oxidative stress-related disease caused by excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Developing ROS-scavenging materials to regulate the periodontium microenvironments is essential for treating periodontitis. Here, we report on creating cobalt oxide-supported Ir (CoO-Ir) as a cascade and ultrafast artificial antioxidase to alleviate local tissue inflammation and bone resorption in periodontitis. It is demonstrated that the Ir nanoclusters are uniformly supported on the CoO lattice, and there is stable chemical coupling and strong charge transfer from Co to Ir sites. Benefiting from its structural advantages, CoO-Ir presents cascade and ultrafast superoxide dismutase-catalase-like catalytic activities. Notably, it displays distinctly increased Vmax (76.249 mg L-1 min-1) and turnover number (2.736 s-1) when eliminating H2O2, which surpasses most of the by-far-reported artificial enzymes. Consequently, the CoO-Ir not only provides efficient cellular protection from ROS attack but also promotes osteogenetic differentiation in vitro. Furthermore, CoO-Ir can efficiently combat periodontitis by inhibiting inflammation-induced tissue destruction and promoting osteogenic regeneration. We believe that this report will shed meaningful light on creating cascade and ultrafast artificial antioxidases and offer an effective strategy to combat tissue inflammation and osteogenic resorption in oxidative stress-related diseases.

Stem Cells from Human Exfoliated Deciduous Teeth and their Promise as Preventive and Therapeutic Strategies for Neurological Diseases and Injuries.

Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are relatively easy to isolate from exfoliated deciduous teeth, which are obtained via dental therapy as biological waste. SHEDs originate from the embryonic neural crest, and therefore, have considerable potential for neurogenic differentiation. Currently, an increasing amount of research is focused on the therapeutic applications of SHEDs in neurological diseases and injuries. In this article, we summarize the biological characteristics of SHEDs and the potential role of SHEDs and their derivatives, including conditioned medium from SHEDs and the exosomes they secrete, in the prevention and treatment of neurological diseases and injuries.

Synergic cloud-point extraction using [C4mim][PF6] and Triton X-114 as extractant combined with HPLC for the determination of rutin and narcissoside in Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. and its compound oral liquid.

A green, novel and efficacious method for the simultaneous extraction and enrichment of rutin and narcissoside from the compound Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. oral liquid (CAROL) and Anoectochilus roxburghii (Wall.) Lindl. was developed. Ionic liquid-surfactant synergic cloud-point extraction (IL-CPE) was used to enrich two analytes, which were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Some parameters affecting IL-CPE were optimized, such as ratio and volume of 1-butyl-3-methyl-imidazolium hexafluorophosphate and Triton X-114, pH of the sample, NaCl concentration, total extraction volume, incubation temperature and time, centrifuge rate and time. The corresponding linearity range for two analytes exhibited good linearity (r2＞0.9997), with the average added recoveries ranging from 92.1% to 98.9%. The limits of detection of rutin and narcissoside were 0.26 and 0.30 ng/mL, respectively. The method was successfully applied for the determination of two flavonoids in the complex-matrix sample, i.e. CAROL and the water extract of A. roxburghii. The mass spectrum data showed that the sample contained rutin and narcissoside. Compared with conventional extraction methods, IL-CPE exhibited higher extraction efficiency and better extraction selectivity. This method may provide a novel platform for the determination of active ingredients in compound Chinese medicine oral liquid and herb.

Orthodontic maximum anchorages in malocclusion treatment: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: We did a network meta-analysis and systematic review among patients seeking for maximum anchorage and provided a guidance of selecting certain systems in clinical practice. METHODS: Seven databases were searched, and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published with no language restrictions from January 1994 to February 2021 comparing any of the following seven anchorage systems for maximum anchorage orthodontic treatment were selected(PROSPERO: CRD42019117995). A network meta-analysis (NMA) was then conducted to integrate direct evidence with indirect evidence based on logical inference to compare and rank treatments for maximum anchorages in the capacity of maintaining anchorage and duration of total treatment time. RESULTS: Nine publications with 522 participants were considered eligible and were taken into evaluation. According to the capacity of anchorage reinforcement, three skeleton anchorages including miniscrew implants, midpalate implants and Onplant midpalate implants were significantly more effective than conventional anchorages including headgears, TPAs and Nance buttons respectively. According to conventional anchorages, headgears and Nance buttons were significantly more effective than TPA. The strategy ranking reflected the same results as above. However, miniscrew implants required the longest total treatment time. CONCLUSIONS: In general, miniscrew impants are most effective in reserving anchorage. Nance buttons require the least total treatment time. Total evidence is graded as moderate. Midpalatal implants might be the best choice when doing treatment planning because it has the most favorable balance between effectiveness and treatment time. But data analysis of the acceptability and acquisition cost of those anchorage systems must be done to make final decisions.

Reversal of doxorubicin-resistance by multifunctional nanoparticles in MCF-7/ADR cells.

The efficacy of many chemotherapeutic agents is reduced in cells that have developed multiple drug resistance (MDR). To address this important problem, a biodegradable polymer was coupled to a photosensitizer and the resulting photosensitizer-nanoparticles were loaded with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin. The combination of photosensitizer and chemotherapeutic agent had a synergistic action on a doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. To increase the effectiveness of this combination, d-alpha-tocopheryl poly(ethylene glycol) 1000 succinate (TPGS), an inhibitor of the multidrug transporter overproduced in these resistant cells, was added during the formation of the nanoparticles. The insertion of TPGS decreased the P-glycoprotein activity, increased the intracellular accumulation doxorubicin, and also increased the therapeutic efficacy of the resulting nanoparticles. Both TPGS and irradiation of the photoreactive nanoparticles caused doxorubicin to move from the cytoplasm to the nucleus. This combination of photodynamic activity in a powerful nanocarrier loaded with the chemotherapeutic agent doxorubicin can be used to deliver two types of cancer therapy simultaneously, and the addition of TPGS can further enhance the entry of doxorubicin into the nucleus. Therefore, this innovative delivery system can act as a potential nanomedicine for both drug-sensitive and drug-resistant cancer therapy.