Pain Elimination during Injection with Newer Electronic Devices: A Comparative Evaluation in Children.

AIM: The present study was taken up to clinically evaluate and compare effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulator (TENS) and comfort control syringe (CCS) in various pediatric dental procedures as an alternative to the conventional method of local anesthesia (LA) administration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ninety healthy children having at least one deciduous molar tooth indicated for extraction in either maxillary right or left quadrant in age group of 6 to 10 years were randomly divided into three equal groups having 30 subjects each. Group I: LA administration using conventional syringe, group II: LA administration using TENS along with the conventional syringe, group III: LA administration using CCS. After LA by the three techniques, pain, anxiety and heart rate were measured. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: The observations, thus, obtained were subjected to statistical analysis using analysis of variance (ANOVA), student t-test and paired t-test. RESULTS: The mean pain score was maximum in group I followed by group II, while group III revealed the minimum pain, where LA was administered using CCS. Mean anxiety score was maximum in group I followed by group II, while group III revealed the minimum score. Mean heart rate was maximum in group I followed in descending order by groups II and III. CONCLUSION: The study supports the belief that CCS could be a viable alternative in comparison to the other two methods of LA delivery in children. How to cite this article: Bansal N, Saha S, Jaiswal JN, Samadi F. Pain Elimination during Injection with Newer Electronic Devices: A Comparative Evaluation in Children. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(2):71-76.

Stress Reduction through Audio Distraction in Anxious Pediatric Dental Patients: An Adjunctive Clinical Study.

AIM: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the eff-cacy of 'audio distraction' in anxious pediatric dental patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty children were randomly selected and equally divided into two groups of thirty each. The first group was control group (group A) and the second group was music group (group B). The dental procedure employed was extraction for both the groups. The children included in music group were allowed to hear audio presentation throughout the treatment procedure. Anxiety was measured by using Venham's picture test, pulse rate, blood pressure and oxygen saturation. RESULTS: 'Audio distraction' was found efficacious in alleviating anxiety of pediatric dental patients. CONCLUSION: 'Audio distraction' did decrease the anxiety in pediatric patients to a significant extent. How to cite this article: Singh D, Samadi F, Jaiswal JN, Tripathi AM. Stress Reduction through Audio Distraction in Anxious Pediatric Dental Patients: An Adjunctive Clinical Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(3):149-152.

A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Obturation Techniques used in Root Canal Treatment of Anterior Teeth: An in vitro Study.

AIM: This study was undertaken to evaluate the percentage of gutta-percha-filled area (PGFA) using microscopic analysis of the cross-sections in the apical third of root canals when filled either with Thermafil technique, Warm Vertical Condensation technique and Cold Lateral Condensation technique without using sealers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty single rooted extracted per-manent teeth were collected. After crown amputation, the teeth were randomly divided into three experimental groups of 20 specimens each. Group I-Thermafil obturation technique, group II-warm vertical condensation obturation technique and group III-cold lateral condensation obturation technique. Obturation was performed by specific techniques without using sealers. After obturation, the teeth were cross-sectioned horizontally at 2 to 3 mm from apex with the help of double sided diamond disk. Sections were digitally photographed and measured under Stereomicroscope at magnification of 50×. Using a KS 100 imaging system the area of canals and the gutta-percha was recorded, also the percentage of gutta-percha filled area (PGFA) was calculated. The observations thus ob-tained were subjected to statistical analysis using ANOVA and student 't' test. RESULTS: Maximum group difference was observed between groups I and III (3.558 ± 0.138) while minimum difference was observed between groups I and II (1.223 ± 0.137). Thus, all the between group differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION: This study supports the belief that the Thermafil Obturation technique produces significantly higher percentage of gutta-percha filled area (PGFA) than the warm vertical condensation technique or cold lateral condensation technique. How to cite this article: Samadi F, Jaiswal JN, Saha S, Garg N, Chowdhary S, Samadi F, Tripathi VP. A Comparative Evaluation of Efficacy of Different Obturation Techniques used in Root Canal Treatment of Anterior Teeth: An in vitro Study. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(1):1-5.

Estimation of fluoride release from various dental materials in different media-an in vitro study.

PURPOSE: This study was performed to study the pattern of fluoride release from glass ionomer cement, a resin modified glass ionomer cement, a compomer and a composite resin when stored in different storage media. METHODS: A total of 60 samples (Tablets of diameter 8.6 ± 0.1 mm and thickness 1.65 ± 0.1 mm) were prepared (15 samples for each material) pertaining to 4 different materials used. Five samples of each material were suspended in 4 ml of each studied solution. The studied media were deionized water, artificial saliva and solutions for pH-cycling (demineralizing solution pH 4.3 and remineralizing solution pH 7.0). The total experimental period was fifteen days the readings were taken after day 1, day 2, day 5, day 9 and day 15 using ORION fluoride ion specific electrode. RESULTS: Significant variations were found in the amount of fluoride release from all the materials in different storage media. Glass ionomer cement released significantly higher amounts of fluoride (p < 0.001) in all storage media. The difference between composite resin and other materials was also very significant (p 0.001) where composite resin released very less fluoride in all the media. CONCLUSION: From this study it was concluded that the greatest amount of fluoride release was from ART glass ionomer cement in all the media followed by resin modified glass ionomer cement, compomer and composite resin in decreasing order. The pattern of fluoride release was similar for all the examined materials. Maximum amount of fluoride release was observed in pH cycling model for all the materials followed by deionized water and artificial saliva in decreasing order. With this it can be concluded that pH strongly affects fluoride release from dental restorative materials.