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1.
Gerodontology ; 36(1): 63-70, 2019 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30461050

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to clarify by histopathological examination the origin of oral membranous substances deposited on the palate, tongue, buccal mucosa and teeth. BACKGROUND: Several investigators have reported membranous substances deposited in the mouths of bedridden elderly persons requiring nursing care without oral intake. However, the precise nature and origin of the substances are poorly understood. METHODS: Sixty-nine specimens were taken from the oral cavity of bedridden patients, that is, the palate, dorsum of the tongue, the cheek and teeth. Sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin stain, alcian-blue and periodic acid-Schiff stain (AB-PAS) and antibodies for pankeratin (AE1AE3) and leukocyte common antigen (LCA). RESULTS: All specimens showed a film-like nature coloured from tan to white, accompanied by a mucous substance. Histologically, specimens of all sites had a similar feature of the combination of basophilic amorphous and eosinophilic lamellar features. The basophilic substance was positive for AB-PAS, and PAS-positive glycogen granules were also noted in the lamellar structure. Immunochemistry revealed various degrees of pankeratin positive substance and LCA-positive inflammatory cell infiltration. CONCLUSION: The oral membranous substance was composed of keratin and mucin with inflammation. These results suggest that the deposition of the oral membranous substance is a pathological condition or oral mucositis caused by dry mouth.


Assuntos
Pessoas Acamadas , Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Palato/patologia , Nutrição Parenteral , Língua/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Japão , Queratinas/análise , Masculino , Mucosa Bucal/química , Mucinas/análise , Palato/química , Língua/química , Dente/química , Dente/patologia , Xerostomia/patologia
2.
Odontology ; 103(3): 264-73, 2015 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24996929

RESUMO

The Oroqen are Tungusic hunters of the Amur River basin. We analyzed dental crown measurements from their dental impression models for anthropological characteristics. Sex difference was comparatively larger in the mesiodistal diameters. To examine the Mongoloids' distribution in the Northeast Asia, the data were compared with the results from the previous studies on other Northeast Asian races, using deviation diagrams, cluster analysis, and Multidimensional Scaling from Q-mode correlation coefficients. The Oroqen dentition is classified as Sinodont by the large surface area of their crowns. In the deviation diagram, the Oroqen beared an inverse proportion to the Aleutian Islanders, while showing little difference from the Okhotsk culture people, which suggested a close relation between the two races. The Q-mode correlation coefficients clustered the Oroqen into the Central Asian group with the Buriats and Mongolians. In the analysis of the distances transformed from Q-mode correlation coefficients, the Oroqen was delineated in the neighboring cluster to the Epi-Jomon/Satsumon and the Okhotsk people. It is inferred that the Central Asian group, spreading from Lake Baikal to the Amur basin have gradually mixed with the Baikal group, which later moved into the Amur region from the south. The mixing of the two groups could have been influenced by the geographical features of this area. It would be valuable to gather more data on the groups around the lower Amur region and to evaluate the distribution of the Mongoloids in Eastern Asia.


Assuntos
Povo Asiático , Paleodontologia , Dente/anatomia & histologia , China/etnologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino
3.
Gerodontology ; 31(3): 184-93, 2014 Sep.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23194412

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine the causative factor behind the formation of membranous substances in the mouths of elderly patients requiring nursing care. BACKGROUND: Membranous substances are sometimes observed in the mouths of elderly persons requiring nursing care, and these can lead to bleeding, infection and asphyxiation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In April 2007, samples were collected from 70 patients at C Hospital, Aichi Prefecture, Japan, who were 65 years or older (median age, 81.1 ± 7.7 years). Sixteen of the subjects were confirmed to have a membranous substance containing a keratin degeneration product that had been derived from stratified squamous epithelium. The samples were examined microscopically, and the presence of epithelial components was confirmed through immunohistochemical staining with anti-cytokeratin-1 antibodies. RESULTS: Decision tree analysis and logistic regression suggest that the leading contributors to the formation of the membranous substances were the method of ingesting nutrients, dryness of the tongue dorsum and open mouth. These three factors are related to elderly persons requiring nursing care with impaired oral cavity function, and it was suggested that dryness of the oral mucosa was the major factor behind the membrane formation.


Assuntos
Mucosa Bucal/patologia , Cuidados de Enfermagem , Palato/patologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Comunicação , Epitélio/química , Epitélio/patologia , Feminino , Idoso Fragilizado , Hospitalização , Humanos , Imobilização , Intubação , Queratina-1/análise , Queratinas/análise , Masculino , Respiração Bucal/metabolismo , Mucosa Bucal/química , Palato/química , Índice Periodontal , Fala/fisiologia , Língua/patologia , Escovação Dentária , Xerostomia/metabolismo
4.
Gerodontology ; 31(1): 11-8, 2014 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22672112

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: To identify factors associated with dry mouth. BACKGROUND: Dry mouth adversely affects oropharyngeal health, particularly in elderly, and can lead to pneumonia. A better understanding of the epidemiology of dry mouth is therefore important in improving treatment strategies and oral health in high-risk elderly patients. METHODS: We conducted a cross-sectional study involving 383 dependent Japanese elderly individuals (65-84 [n = 167] and ≥85 [n = 216] years) at eight long-term care facilities and hospitals. Thirty-four potential factors associated with dry mouth were examined by multiple logistic regression analysis. The primary outcome was dry mouth, as diagnosed by tongue dorsum moisture. RESULTS: We identified that body mass index and severity of physical disability were identified as a potential factors associated with dry mouth in the super-elderly (≥85 years) group, whereas severity of physical disability, outcome measurement time, high daily water consumption, mouth breathing, use of antidepressants and diuretics, and high frequency of daily brushing (≥2 times per day; Odds ratio: 5.56; 95% Confidence Interval: 1.52-20.00) were associated with dry mouth in the 65- to 84-year-old group. CONCLUSION: To our knowledge, this is the first study to identify a link between frequency of daily brushing and dry mouth and suggests that tooth brushing should be encouraged in high-risk dependent Japanese elderly (65-84 years), particularly those taking antidepressants and/or diuretics.


Assuntos
Idoso Fragilizado/estatística & dados numéricos , Xerostomia/epidemiologia , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Antidepressivos/uso terapêutico , Índice de Massa Corporal , Estudos Transversais , Pessoas com Deficiência/estatística & dados numéricos , Diuréticos/uso terapêutico , Ingestão de Líquidos , Feminino , Hospitalização/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Japão/epidemiologia , Assistência de Longa Duração/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Respiração Bucal/epidemiologia , Sono/fisiologia , Escovação Dentária/estatística & dados numéricos
5.
Heliyon ; 9(10): e20401, 2023 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37780754

RESUMO

Objective: Tube feeders are prone to membranous substance formation on the palate, and those with membranous substances have a risk of fever, with the probable involvement of their oral bacteria. However, the palatal microbiota of those with membranous substances has not been elucidated. Therefore, we evaluated the differences in palatal microbiota between tube-fed individuals with and without membranous substances to clarify the microbiota. Materials and methods: This study included 19 participants aged 65 years who required tube feeding. The participants' characteristics were collected from nursing records and oral examinations. If membranous materials were found on the palate, a specimen was collected. Membranous substances were defined as keratotic degeneration observed under a microscope. Additionally, we performed a comprehensive microbiome analysis by extracting DNA from the samples and performing 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. Finally, we compared the participant demographics and oral microbiota between patients with and without membranous substances. Results: A total of 11 participants had membranous substances associated with "mouth dryness" (p < 0.001) and "constant mouth opening" (p = 0.020). Palatal microbiota differed between those with and without membranous substances. Among the bacteria with a relative abundance greater than 1.0%, the abundance of Streptococcus (p = 0.007), Fusobacterium (p = 0.041), Streptococcus agalactiae (p = 0.009), and Fusobacterium nucleatum subsp. vincentii (p = 0.026) was significantly higher in the membranous substance group than in the non-membranous substance group. Conclusions: The palatal microbiota of individuals undergoing tube feeding differed depending on the presence or absence of membranous substances. Membrane substance formation associated with dry mouth purportedly alters the palatal microbiota. Streptococcus, Fusobacterium, S. agalactiae, and F. nucleatum subsp. vincentii were more abundant in the oral microbiota of patients with membranous substances. Thus, preventing this formation may help in controlling the growth of these microbes.

6.
Gerodontology ; 29(2): 90-5, 2012 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21711389

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: The degree of atrophy of the lingual papillae in elderly individuals was evaluated using a quantitative method. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: One hundred and eighty-two subjects living in nursing homes and 20 healthy adults as controls were studied. To express the degree of atrophy of the lingual papillae quantitatively, lingual surface roughness was determined by taking an impression with silicone dental material. Based on the impressions obtained from the elderly subjects, they were classified by three expert dentists into three groups: Normal, Smooth and Rough. The same determinations were also performed in the 20 healthy controls and compared with 38 of the elderly subjects who had agreement from all of the experts and without the presence of fissures (Normal, n = 6; Smooth, n = 12; Rough, n = 20). RESULTS: The roughness average value for the controls was 65.0 µm, while that for the elderly subjects in the Normal, Smooth and Rough groups was 73.9 µm, 42.2 µm and 94.1 µm, respectively, which were significantly different. CONCLUSION: The present results indicate that the present technique of obtaining an impression of the tongue surface is simple and reliable for routine evaluation and quantification of the degree of atrophy as well as morphology of the lingual papillae.


Assuntos
Papilas Gustativas/patologia , Língua/patologia , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Atrofia , Materiais para Moldagem Odontológica/química , Técnica de Moldagem Odontológica , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Técnicas de Réplica , Elastômeros de Silicone/química , Propriedades de Superfície , Adulto Jovem
7.
J Dent Educ ; 75(4): 565-73, 2011 Apr.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21460278

RESUMO

The purpose of this article is to report changes to dental hygiene education in Japan and to evaluate the successful implementation of these changes in 2010. The legislative change that began in 2005 revised the length of education for dental hygiene students from two years to three or four years (the mandate was three years), which has led to a dramatic change in program curriculum. After a five-year moratorium, a new curriculum has been established for dental hygiene education in Japan. The new curriculum provides students the requisite knowledge to effectively perform the latest dental hygiene procedures. Although the change of the educational system from the present mandatory three-year to the new four-year programs poses many administrative problems, we believe this shift will ultimately provide a more thorough and in-depth education for students.


Assuntos
Currículo , Higienistas Dentários/educação , Educação Profissionalizante/organização & administração , Educação Profissionalizante/tendências , Educação Profissionalizante/normas , Humanos , Japão , Licenciamento , Especialidades Odontológicas/educação , Fatores de Tempo
8.
Biomed Res ; 30(1): 63-8, 2009 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-19265265

RESUMO

Little is known regarding the association between the level of hyaluronic acid (HA) in saliva and dry mouth status. The aim of this study was to evaluate the salivary levels of HA in female patients with dry mouth (perceived xerostomia and hyposalivation) and compare them with age-matched controls. We studied 46 females, and classified them into two groups based on perceived xerostomia and salivary flow rate, as well as a control group without symptoms. HA concentrations in unstimulated whole saliva were determined and a significant difference was found between the groups. The statistical association was stronger in patients (perceived xerostomia, normosalivation) administrated xerogenic drugs, while the HA levels in that group were significantly lower than those in the controls when converted to absolute amount of saliva per min. Within the limitations of the present study, patients with dry mouth had lower HA levels in saliva, which may serve as a marker of local dryness or oral mucosa lubrication.


Assuntos
Ácido Hialurônico/biossíntese , Saliva/metabolismo , Xerostomia/metabolismo , Fatores Etários , Idoso , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Modelos Biológicos , Mucosa Bucal/metabolismo , Projetos Piloto
9.
Gerodontology ; 25(4): 217-21, 2008 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18380781

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: This study explored potential factors in elderly requiring care that cause dryness of the dorsum of the tongue despite moisture retention in the sublingual mucosa. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Subjects were 224 elderly (mean age: 83.6 +/- 7.4 years) living in a nursing home and requiring individual care. Measurement of moisture of the dorsum of the tongue and sublingual mucosa was performed using a wetness tester (L-SALIVO) with a measurement time of 10 s. RESULTS: A significant difference in drying only of the dorsum of the tongue was noted depending on the degree of incapacity, level of consciousness, eating (oral ingestion or tube-feeding), and conversation. Multiple logistic regression identified the degree of incapacity in terms of eating (oral ingestion or tube-feeding) as a significant factor for dryness. The odds ratio for the degree of incapacity was 3.2 while that for eating was 11.226. CONCLUSION: Dry mouth of the dorsum of the tongue in elderly requiring care was associated with the degree of incapacity, tube feeding, and level of conversation.


Assuntos
Doenças da Língua/etiologia , Xerostomia/etiologia , Atividades Cotidianas , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Doença Crônica , Transtornos Cognitivos/complicações , Estado de Consciência/fisiologia , Tratamento Farmacológico , Ingestão de Alimentos/fisiologia , Nutrição Enteral , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Soalho Bucal , Mucosa Bucal , Casas de Saúde , Fitas Reagentes , Saliva/química , Fala/fisiologia , Fatores de Tempo , Língua
10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-18755621

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the salivary levels of cortisol and chromogranin A (CgA) in patients with dry mouth (perceived xerostomia and hyposalivation) compared with age-matched controls. STUDY DESIGN: We studied 174 subjects, including those with dry mouth, classified into 2 subgroups based on perceived xerostomia and salivation, and those without (control subjects). The control subjects were patients at the same hospital and healthy volunteers. Cortisol and CgA levels in stimulated whole saliva were measured using ELISA kits. RESULTS: All subjects with dry mouth had significantly higher cortisol and CgA levels than the control subjects. The statistical associations remained significant when they were divided into the 2 subgroups, although somewhat weaker associations were observed. The influences of xerogenic drugs were found to be minimal on salivary flow rate and levels of cortisol and CgA. CONCLUSIONS: We found significant associations between salivary cortisol and CgA levels and symptoms of oral dryness and reduced salivary flow.


Assuntos
Cromogranina A/análise , Hidrocortisona/análise , Saliva/química , Xerostomia/metabolismo , Fatores Etários , Estudos de Casos e Controles , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Saliva/metabolismo , Taxa Secretória , Estatísticas não Paramétricas , Estresse Psicológico/fisiopatologia
11.
Gerodontology ; 21(4): 229-31, 2004 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-15603283

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The condition of dry mouth is an influential factor in the incidence of caries, periodontal disease, fungal infections, masticatory dysfunctions and denture function. Bedridden elderly and disabled persons often suffer from oral dryness and the aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of measuring the amount of moisture in the oral mucosa for clinical diagnosis of dry mouth in this group. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The subjects were 20 elderly bedridden individuals, age range 65-89 years old, living in a nursing home and six healthy laboratory researchers, aged 20-46 years old, used as controls. Tongue dorsum moisture measurements were performed using a newly developed wetness tester (L-SALIVO), in which the wet portion was measured after 10 s. Further, clinical diagnosis of dry mouth was carried out using a clinical classification scale of the tongue mucosa (grade range, 0-3). RESULTS: It was possible to measure tongue dorsum moisture in all subjects with the wetness tester. The average moisture value was 0.1+/-0.2 mm in elderly subjects with a dry mouth grade of 2 (n = 8) or 3 (n = 12), while the average moisture value in the control subjects was 3.67+/-1.75 mm with a dry mouth grade of 0 (n = 4) or 1 (n = 2). Tester values and cliniical classification showed a positive co-relationship (r = 0.31, p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our results show that this new tester could be useful for evaluating oral dryness and diagnosing dry mouth.


Assuntos
Instrumentos Odontológicos , Saliva/metabolismo , Xerostomia/diagnóstico , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Estatísticas não Paramétricas
12.
Gerodontology ; 20(2): 84-7, 2003 Dec.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-14697018

RESUMO

OBJECTIVES: The morbidity and mortality of the dependent elderly that result from aspiration pneumonia are recognized as a major geriatric health problem. Most cases of bacterial pneumonia are initiated following colonization or superinfection of the pharynx by pathogenic bacteria, followed by aspiration of pharyngeal contents. A recent study revealed that bacteria, that commonly cause respiratory infection, colonized the dentures of dependent elderly. This suggests that denture plaque may function as a reservoir of potential respiratory pathogens to facilitate colonization on the pharynx. The purpose of this study was to determine the possible correlation between denture and pharyngeal microflora. STUDY DESIGN: The denture and pharyngeal bacterial flora of 50 dependent elderly were examined, and the microorganisms identified by culturing. The agreement between the bacterial species in denture plaque and pharyngeal microflora was investigated using the Kappa method. RESULTS: The microorganism species on the dentures and pharyngeal mucosa of the subjects had an agreement rate of 68.5%. The agreement rate for each of the bacterial species of the dentures and pharynx was also demonstrated to be high. CONCLUSIONS: Dentures should be considered an important reservoir of organisations which could colonise the pharynx, and the importance of controlling denture plaque for the prevention of aspiration pneumonia cannot be overemphasized.


Assuntos
Bactérias/classificação , Bactérias/isolamento & purificação , Assistência Odontológica para Idosos , Placa Dentária/microbiologia , Prótese Total/microbiologia , Faringe/microbiologia , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Candida/isolamento & purificação , Contagem de Colônia Microbiana , Inquéritos de Saúde Bucal , Feminino , Idoso Fragilizado , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neisseria/isolamento & purificação , Saúde Bucal , Serratia/isolamento & purificação , Especificidade da Espécie , Streptococcus/isolamento & purificação
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