Influence of an antidiabetic drug on biomechanical and histological parameters around implants in type 2 diabetic rats.

OBJECTIVES: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) has a deleterious effect on dental implant integration into alveolar bone, thought to arise from impaired osteoblast function and consequent reduced bone turnover. However, whether controlling blood glucose with antidiabetic drugs is sufficient to improve implant integration is unclear. This study was designed to evaluate implant integration using diabetic rats with/without an antidiabetic drug. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Titanium screws were surgically implanted in each tibia of 20 Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats and 5 nondiabetic control rats. After 3 or 9 weeks, osseointegration was determined by testing the removal torque required to displace the screw and by histological analysis of various parameters of bone formation. RESULTS: Removal torque was significantly higher in the nondiabetic control group than in GK rats, irrespective of whether the GK rats had received voglibose. Histology revealed that single-labeled surface area was still high in the GK rats at 9 weeks but had peaked and diminished in control rats. Bone-implant contact area was reduced in GK rats. CONCLUSIONS: Despite controlling blood glucose, voglibose was unable to reverse the bone metabolic effects of DM.

Effects of Denture Cleaning Regimens on the Quantity of Candida on Dentures: A Cross-Sectional Survey on Nursing Home Residents.

Oral care involving a denture cleaning regimen is important for reducing the incidence of systemic diseases. However, limited information is currently available on denture cleaning frequencies and regimens. Therefore, the present study investigated the relationship between the number of Candida spp. present on the complete dentures of nursing home residents and cleaning regimens. Residents were surveyed to assess their denture cleaning methods. Plaque was collected by applying a sterile swab to the mucosal surface of each examined complete denture worn by 77 residents, and the Candida spp. collected were cultured, identified, and quantified. The relationship between denture cleaning regimens and the quantity of Candida spp. was investigated. Correlation and multivariable analyses revealed that the strongest factor influencing the number of Candida spp. on dentures was the frequency of use of denture cleansers. The number of Candida spp. was the lowest on dentures cleaned daily with a denture cleanser. The present results demonstrated that the daily use of a denture cleanser effectively controlled the adherence of Candida spp. to dentures. Oral and other healthcare providers need to provide instructions on and assist nursing home residents with the daily care of dentures, using denture cleansers, including the environment where cleaning is performed.

Use of a magnetic attachment to retain an obturator prosthesis for an osseous defect.

Tooth loss accompanied by a massive defect of the alveolar bone can cause serious problems such as food deposit and esthetic impairment. This report describes procedures for the fabrication of an osseous defect obturator prosthesis connected to a fixed partial denture by a magnetic attachment along with the clinical outcome.

Stress analysis of clasps made of glass fiber-reinforced composite material using three-dimensional finite element method: influence of shape in cross and longitudinal sections of circumferential clasp arms.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different cross-sectional shapes and presence of taper on stress distribution in clasp arms made of glass fiber-reinforced composite (FRC) material. Stress analysis of clasps was performed under a constant load (5 N) using a three-dimensional finite element method with due consideration to the anisotropy of unidirectional FRC material. Results were then compared with clasp arms made of metal- an isotropic material. It was found that both FRC clasps and metal clasps yielded similar results. As for the displacement of clasp arms with a basic cross-sectional shape under a load of 5 N, the amount of displacement showed that FRC clasps provided sufficient retentive force required for clinical application.

Intensity and duration of neutropenia relates to the development of oral mucositis but not odontogenic infection during chemotherapy for hematological malignancy.

BACKGROUND: D-index which combines the intensity and duration of neutropenia is reported as a tool for evaluating the dynamics of neutropenia. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between D-index and oral complications (i.e., oral mucositis [OM] and odontogenic infection [OI]) during chemotherapies for hematological malignancies. METHODS: A total of 421 chemotherapeutic courses in 104 patients were analyzed. Chemotherapeutic courses in patients who finished all of the prophylactic dental treatments were defined as "treatment Finish". Chemotherapeutic courses in patients who did not finish prophylactic dental treatments were defined as "treatment not-Finish". OM was evaluated according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.0. D-index was compared between chemotherapeutic courses with versus without oral complications. RESULTS: D-index was significantly higher in chemotherapeutic courses with grade 1 or 2 OM (p < 0.001) than courses without OM. In contrast, higher D-index did not relate to the development of OI (p = 0.18). The occurrence of OI (p < 0.001) but not OM (p = 0.56) during chemotherapy was significantly higher in chemotherapeutic courses without the completion of dental intervention. CONCLUSIONS: Higher D-index relates to the development of OM. In contrast, OI occurs due to untreated odontogenic foci, and its occurrence does not relate to higher D-index.