RESUMO
The synthesis and electrochemical performance of three-dimensionally ordered macroporous (3DOM) nitroxide polymer brush electrodes for organic radical batteries are reported. The 3DOM electrodes are synthesized via polystyrene colloidal crystal templating with electropolymerization of polypyrrole, modification of surface initiator, and surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization. The discharge capacity of the 3DOM electrodes is proportional to the thickness of the inverse opal. The discharge capacity of the 3DOM electrode at a discharge rate of 5 C is 40 times higher than that of the planar electrode; its cycle-life performance exhibits 96.1% retention after 250 cycles.
Assuntos
Polímeros/química , Poliestirenos/química , Pirróis/química , Eletroquímica/métodos , Eletrodos , PorosidadeRESUMO
We demonstrate a facile method for fabricating novel 3D microfluidic channels by using two-photon-activated chemistry to locally switch the interior surface of a porous host from a hydrophobic state to a hydrophilic state. The 3D structures can be infilled selectively with water and/or hydrophobic oil with a minimum feature size of only a few micrometers. We envision that this approach may enable the fabrication of complex microfluidic structures that cannot be easily formed via current technologies.