Three-Dimensional Measurement of Maxillary Involvement in Hemifacial Microsomia in Children.

In hemifacial microsomia (HFM), the aberrant mandible structure has always been the focus of attention. How the maxillary development being affected is not clear. The authors sought to comprehensively evaluate the hemifacial maxillary deficiency and to assess for Pruzansky-Kaban score correlation.This is a retrospective research of children with HFM. Demographic information were recorded, and computed tomographic scan were reconstructed and analyzed by segmentation, volumetric and cephalometric measurements. Analyses involved paired t-test, independent sample t-test and one-way analyses of variance.Demographic information revealed 67 patients diagnosed with HFM were included: 10.4 percent type I, 38.8 percent IIa, 28.4 percent type IIb, 22.4 percent type III. The maxillary total volume was found to be significantly decreased on the affected side in patients with type IIa (P = 0.0426) and IIb (P = 0.0004). No notable differences in maxillary sinus volume were found. No significant differences in maxillary width measurements were found between groups type I and III. A descending trend in maxillary bone volume ratio, an increasing trend in maxillary posterior width ratio and a decreasing trend in maxillary middle height ratio was observed from group I to IIb (pmbv* = 0.020; pmpw* = 0.002; pmmh* = 0.004).This study comprehensively characterized the hemifacial microsomia maxillary deficiency. For maxillary total volume and transverse development, the type III group presented characteristics similar to the type I group. We concluded that the severity of maxillary deficiency is not completely consistent with the mandibular deformity classification.

Association of Mandibular Dysplasia With Maxillary Volumetric and Linear Measurements in Children With Hemifacial Microsomia.

In hemifacial microsomia (HFM), the correlations between mandibular dysplasia and maxillary deformities in HFM patients have not yet been assessed. The objective of the present study was to examine the association of maxillary volumetric and linear measurements with mandibular ramus height or corpus length on the affected side in children with unilateral HFM.In this retrospective research, a total of 70 children with unilateral HFM were enrolled at our department from 2010 to 2019. Demographic information was recorded, and computed tomographic scan were reconstructed and analyzed by segmentation, volumetric, and cephalometric measurements. Analyses involved independent sample t-test, univariable, and multivariable linear regression.In the overall population, mandibular ramus height (MRH) was positively associated with the maxillary bone volume (MBV) (r = 0.484, P < 0.001) and maxillary total volume (MTV) (r = 0.520, P < 0.001). Similarly, mandibular corpus length (MCL) was significantly associated with the MBV (r = 0.467, P < 0.001) and MTV (r = 0.520, P < 0.001). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that the MRH or MCL were significantly and independently associated with MBV or MTV (MRH/MBV ß = 0.420, P < 0.001; MRH/MTV ß = 0.391, P < 0.001; MCL/MBV ß = 0.403, P < 0.001; MCL/MTV ß = 0.307, P < 0.01).These results demonstrated that the MBV and MTV are independently associated with MRH or MCL on the affected side in children with unilateral HFM, suggesting a potential interaction between mandibular dysplasia and maxillary deformities.