Meta-ecosystem Frameworks Can Enhance Control of the Biotic Transport of Microplastics.

The lack of systematic approaches and analyses to identify, quantify, and manage the biotic transport of microplastics (MPs) along cross-ecosystem landscapes prevents the current goals of sustainable environmental development from being met. This Perspective proposes a meta-ecosystem framework, which considers organismal and resource flows among ecosystems to shed light on the research and management challenges related to both abiotic and biotic MP transport at landscape levels. We discuss MP transport pathways through species movements and trophic transfers among ecosystems and sub-ecosystems, and highlight these pathways in the mitigation of MP pollution. The integration of biotic pathways across landscapes prioritizes management actions for MP transport using diverse approaches such as wastewater treatment and plastic removal policies to mitigate contamination. In addition, our framework emphasizes the potential sink enhancement of MPs through habitat conservation and enhancement of riparian vegetation. By considering the mechanisms of meta-ecosystem dynamics through the processes of biotic dispersal, accumulation, and the ultimate fate of MPs, advances in the environmental impact assessment and management of MP production can proceed more effectively.

Willingness and obstacles of healthcare professionals to perform bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation in China.

BACKGROUND: Bystander CPR (B-CPR) is crucial to increase survival of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA), and this study is performed to assess the willingness and obstacles of Chinese healthcare professionals (HCPs) to perform B-CPR on strangers, as well as the factors associated with the willingness. METHODS: An internet-based questionnaire surveying demographic information, CPR training, CPR knowledge, willingness, and obstacles to perform B-CPR among 10,393 HCPs. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to evaluate the factors associated with the willingness. RESULTS: Here, 73.9% of HCPs were willing to perform B-CPR on strangers in China. The factors associated with the willingness were as follows: female, senior, working in Third-class hospitals, working in Pre-hospital emergency and Cardiology or Cardiac surgery, receiving current training, having adequate CPR knowledge. The main obstacles were fear of infection via mouth-to-mouth ventilations (MMV), fear of being blackmailed and fear of legal liability. CONCLUSION: About three quarters of HCPs are willing to perform B-CPR. Female HCPs, those who have more CPR experience, adequate knowledge, and recent training are more likely to perform B-CPR. Reform of the legal and credit system are needed, and recommendation of hands-only CPR is a possibility to encourage HCPs to perform B-CPR on strangers.