Cost-effective imprinting combining macromolecular crowding and a dummy template for the fast purification of punicalagin from pomegranate husk extract.

The combination of molecular crowding and virtual imprinting was employed to develop a cost-effective method to prepare molecularly imprinted polymers. By using linear polymer polystyrene as a macromolecular crowding agent, an imprinted polymer recognizable to punicalagin had been successfully synthesized with punicalin as the dummy template. The resulting punicalin-imprinted polymer presented a remarkable selectivity to punicalagin with an imprinting factor of 3.17 even at extremely low consumption of the template (template/monomer ratio of 1:782). In contrast, the imprinted polymer synthesized without crowding agent, did not show any imprinting effect at so low template amount. The imprinted polymers made by combination of molecular crowding and virtual imprinting can be utilized for the fast separation of punicalagin from pomegranate husk extract after optimizing the protocol of solid-phase extraction with the recovery of 85.3 ± 1.2%.

Comparison of different concentrations of a povidone iodine-diluted sitz bath in the prevention of perianal infection in patients undergoing chemotherapy for hematological malignancy: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Infection is one of the most common causes of death in patients with hematological malignancies during chemotherapy. Due to its special location, local warmth and humidity, repeated pollution with stool and urine, and characteristically wrinkled anatomical structure within which bacteria can hide, the perianal becomes a site with a high incidence of infection. Such infection also has a high recurrence rate and high mortality, increasing the economic burden of patients, delaying the time of treatment and reducing the quality of life. In severe cases, sepsis occurs and endangers the patient's life. Previous studies have confirmed the effectiveness of povidone iodine (PI) in the prevention of perianal infection in patients with hematological malignancies during chemotherapy, but these reports have not documented in detail the adverse events associated with sitz bathing and the lack of randomized controlled trials of different concentrations of dilute povidone iodine sitz bathing. Therefore, the evidence is insufficient. Hence, the objective of this paper is to determine whether a povidone iodine diluent sitz bath can reduce the incidence of perianal infection compared with conventional perianal cleaning care and to observe the incidence of perianal infection, the severity of perianal infection, and the complications related to the sitz bath among groups treated with different concentrations of povidone iodine diluent, especially in high-risk patients prone to perianal infection, to screen for the optimal concentration. METHODS: The trial is designed as a single-center, parallel, randomized, controlled and intervention trial with four parallel groups, and a primary endpoint of perianal infection occurred after this hospitalization chemotherapy. Randomization will be performed as simple randomization with a 1:1:1:1 allocation. This study received full ethics committee approval. The first patient was enrolled on May 1, 2021. A total of 268 patients with hematological malignancies undergoing chemotherapy who have risk factors for perianal infection will be enrolled with informed consent and randomly allocated to one of the four arms receiving (1) perianal cleaning care (control group D), (2) 1:100 PI diluted sitz bath (intervention group A), (3) 1:200 PI diluted sitz bath (intervention group B), and (4) 1:300 PI diluted sitz bath (intervention group C). The primary endpoint of the trial was the incidence of perianal infection. The secondary endpoints of the study will be the results of anal swab bacterial culture, the severity of perianal infection, the incidence of perianal adverse events (dryness, peeling, pigmentation, burning sensation), and pain scores. The length of hospitalization in days and hospitalization expenses will be recorded. Safety will be assessed with consideration of all adverse and severe adverse events related to the study treatment. DISCUSSION: We hypothesized that patients with hematological malignancies during chemotherapy would benefit from a povidone iodine diluted sitz bath. This study will provide evidence-based recommendations for clinicians and nurses. TRIAL REGISTRATION: Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (registration ID: ChiCTR2000041073). Registered on December 17, 2020. The protocol version number is V1.0,20201217. http://www.chictr.org.cn/edit.aspx?pid=66044&htm=4.

[Purification technology of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis in Fufang Xuelian dropping pills by macroporous resin].

OBJECTIVE: To study the purification technology of Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis in Fufang Xuelian dropping pills by macroporous resin. METHOD: Taking osthole, isomperatorin as index ingredients, the type of resin sampling amount and elution solvent were decided, and the influence of sample concentration pH of sample and ratio of diameter to height of column to adsorption were studied. RESULT: HPD400A was chosen to purify, the suitable sampling ratio of resin volume to raw material was 1:2; pH 3.5 (crude drug) and ratio of diameter to height was 1:7; 95% ethanol of the elution solvent was satisfactory eluant for desorption. CONCLUSION: HPD400A macroporous resin can be used to purify Rhizoma et Radix Notopterygii and Radix Angelicae Pubescentis.

"Two-dimensional" molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with crystallization and high performance liquid chromatography for fast semi-preparative purification of tannins from pomegranate husk extract.

In this study, "two dimensional" molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (2D-MIP-SPE) of semi-preparative grade was constructed to fast purify ellagitannins in pomegranate husk extract with the help of crystallization and reverse-phase liquid chromatgoraphy (RPLC). Ellagic acid and punicalagin imprinted polymers were synthesized in batch mode and two semi-preparative MIP-SPE columns were individually packed. After investigaing "functional complementation", 2D-MIP-SPE was constructed using ellagic acid MIP and punicalagin MIP-SPE as the first and second dimension, respectively. Then, pomegranate husk extract was fast divided into four fractions individually enriching in ellagic acid, granatin A, punicalagin and ellagic acid glucoside by 2D-MIP-SPE. With the aid of crystallization and RPLC, ellagic acid (13.5mg) and punicalagin (53.4mg) were fast obtained in 30min. Ellagic acid glucoside was purified to the purity near 100% with a recovery of 86.1%. Granatin A (92%) was directly obtained by 2D-MIP-SPE with the recovery of 81.8%. All above indicated that 2D-MIP-SPE was highly efficient in natural product purification. The concept of "functional complementation" was expected to be a useful tool in the construction of 2D-MIP-SPE.