Clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of a controlled-release device containing chlorhexidine in the treatment of chronic periodontitis.

A controlled-release device (CRD) containing chlorhexidine gluconate, such as PerioCol(™)CG (Eucare Pharmaceuticals Pvt. Ltd,, Chennai, India), for subgingival application has little reported data with clinical as well as antimicrobial efficacy. This study evaluated clinical and subgingival microbial changes on using indigenously developed PerioCol™CG as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Forty posterior first molar sites having probing pocket depth ≥ 5 mm were selected and divided into two groups, with 20 sites in each group, in a split-mouth design. Group A (test site) was treated with SRP and PerioCol(™)CG, while group B (control site) was treated with SRP alone. Subgingival microbial samples were collected at baseline and 1 month after the initial SRP, while probing depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and gingival index (GI) were recorded at baseline, after 1 month and after 3 months. Microbial detection of Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) and Tannerella forsythia (T. forsythia) was done by means of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A significant improvement was observed in all clinical measures in sites treated with PerioCol(™)CG as compared to the control sites during the study period. Also, there was a statistically significant reduction in the proportion of occurrence of P. gingivalis and T. forsythia after intervention in test sites as compared to control sites. Our data suggest that SRP combined with subgingival administration of PerioCol™CG has a significantly better and prolonged effect compared to SRP alone on the PD, clinical attachment loss and elimination of periodontopathogens.

Molecular detection of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis in subgingival plaque of healthy young children.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present study was to evaluate the presence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) in subgingival plaque of healthy young children aged between 3 and 15 years using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and to compare their presence in children in their primary, mixed and permanent dentitions. METHOD: Subgingival plaque samples were collected from 120 healthy children and were grouped as Group I-Deciduous dentition, Group II- Mixed dentition and Group III- Permanent dentition, and were subjected to PCR assay. RESULTS: Binomial test and Proportions test were used for statistical analysis. A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were detected in 5% and 35%, 12.5% and 20%, and 0% and 27.5% samples in group I, II and III respectively. CONCLUSION: Both the microorganisms were present in group I and II. In group III only P. gingivalis was present. The results from this study do not necessarily pertain to differences in dentition but possibly to inter-individual differences.

Unveiling the Impacted Canine - Eyelet Chain Guide: Concepts and Clinical Application.

Impaction of canine is frequently encountered clinical problem in orthodontics. Canine usually erupts when two third of the root development is complete. It is considered as impacted if the root development is completed, but unaided eruption is not expected to occur. Surgical exposure of impacted canine and orthodontic traction to align the tooth is a major challenge in which the management requires a multidisciplinary approach. This article presents a case of impacted canine in a 20-year-old female patient. Impacted canine was aligned by orthodontic traction using a modified eyelet attachment and guided eruption without repeated surgical intervention or tissue damage. In the clinical case discussed, the bonding attachment used was a low-profile Begg bracket containing multiple eyelets for varying the force of traction and also to apply force along the long axis of the tooth. An ideal traction force was applied for the adequate period of time thus minimizing the side effects. This method proved to be efficient in maintaining good periodontal and mucogingival health and thus satisfying both esthetic and function goals.

Evaluation of antimicrobial efficacy of herbal alternatives (Triphala and green tea polyphenols), MTAD, and 5% sodium hypochlorite against Enterococcus faecalis biofilm formed on tooth substrate: an in vitro study.

INTRODUCTION: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of Triphala, green tea polyphenols (GTP), MTAD, and 5% sodium hypochlorite against E. faecalis biofilm formed on tooth substrate. METHODS: Extracted human teeth were biomechanically prepared, vertically sectioned, placed in the tissue culture wells exposing the root canal surface to E. faecalis to form a biofilm. At the end of the 3rd and 6th weeks all groups were treated for 10 minutes with the test solutions and control and were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively. RESULTS: Qualitative assay with 3-week biofilm showed complete inhibition of bacterial growth with Triphala, MTAD and NaOCl, except GTP and saline, which showed presence of bacterial growth. In quantitative analysis, GTP- and saline-treated tooth samples have shown 1516 +/- 17.2 CFU/mL, 156.4 x 10(9) +/- 3.1 x 10(9) CFU/mL respectively. Qualitative assay with 6-week biofilm showed growth when treated with Triphala, GTP and MTAD whereas NaOCl has shown complete inhibition. All groups except NaOCl showed eight log reduction when compared to control when analyzed quantitatively. CONCLUSIONS: 5% sodium hypochlorite showed maximum antibacterial activity against E. Faecalis biofilm formed on tooth substrate. Triphala, green tea polyphenols and MTAD showed statistically significant antibacterial activity. The use of herbal alternatives as a root canal irrigant might prove to be advantageous considering the several undesirable characteristics of NaOCl.