RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The laparoscopic repair of groin hernia is increasingly being used. However, the relative merits and demerits of laparoscopic repair are debatable. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the total extra-peritoneal (TEP) repair of groin hernia. METHODS: This prospective study was undertaken at a single surgical unit between January 2004 and June 2006. Consecutive patients with elective groin hernias were offered laparoscopic TEP repair. Indigenous balloon or telescopic dissection was used to create extra-peritoneal space. Polypropylene mesh was used in all of the patients and mesh fixation was performed with tackers. RESULTS: A total of 185 patients with age range 18-92 years were included; 180 were males. TEP repair was attempted in 298 groin hernias in 185 patients with a success rate of 89.5%. Indigenous balloon or telescopic dissection was used to create extra-peritoneal space. Thirty-one (31, 10.5%) TEP repairs were converted to transabdominal pre-peritoneal or open repair. Two patients developed recurrence during follow-up. CONCLUSION: TEP is an excellent technique for laparoscopic groin hernia repair, with acceptable rates of complication.
Assuntos
Hérnia Inguinal/cirurgia , Laparoscopia/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Idoso de 80 Anos ou mais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Polipropilenos , Complicações Pós-Operatórias , Estudos Prospectivos , Telas Cirúrgicas , Resultado do TratamentoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Trained doctors and para-medical personnel in accident and emergency services are scant in India. Teaching and training in trauma and emergency medical system (EMS) as a specialty accredited by the Medical Council of India is yet to be started as a postgraduate medical education program. The MI and CMO (casualty medical officer) rooms at military and civilian hospitals in India that practice triage, first-aid, medico-legal formalities, reference and organize transport to respective departments leads to undue delays and lack multidisciplinary approach. Comprehensive trauma and emergency infrastructure were created only at a few cities and none in the rural areas of India in last few years. AIM: To study the infrastructure, human resource allocation, working, future plans and vision of the established trauma centers at the 3 capital cities of India - Delhi (2 centres), Lucknow and Mumbai. SETTING AND DESIGN: Participant observer structured open ended qualitative research by 7 days direct observation of the facilities and working of above trauma centers. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Information on, 1. Infrastructure; space and building, operating, ventilator, and diagnostic and blood bank facilities, finance and costs and pre-hospital care infrastructure, 2. Human resource; consultant and resident doctors, para-medical staff and specialists and 3. Work style; first responder, type of patients undertaken, burn management, surgical management and referral system, follow up patient management, social support, bereavement and postmortem services were recorded on a pre-structured open ended instrument interviewing the officials, staff and by direct observation. Data were compressed, peer-analyzed as for qualitative research and presented in explicit tables. RESULTS: Union and state governments of Delhi, Maharashtra and Uttar Pradesh have spent heavily to create trauma and emergency infrastructure in their capital cities. Mostly general and orthopedics surgeons with their resident staff were managing the facilities. Comprehensively trained accident and emergency (AandE) personnel were not available at any of the centers. Expert management of cardiac peri-arrest arrhythmias, peripheral and microvascular repair were occasionally available. Maxillo-facial, dental and prosthodontic facilities, evenomation grading and treatment of poisoning - anti venom were not integrated. Ventilators, anesthetist, neuro and plastic surgeons were available on call for emergency care at all the 4 centers. Emergency diagnostic radiology (X-ray, CT scan, and ultrasound) and pathology were available at all the 4 centers. On the spot blood bank and component blood therapy was available only at the Delhi centers. Pre-hospital care, though envisioned by the officials, was lacking. Comprehensively trained senior A and E personnel as first responders were unavailable. Double barrier nursing for burn victims was not witnessed. Laparoscopic and fibreoptic endoscopic emergency procedures were also available only at Delhi. Delay in treatment on account of incomplete medico-legal formalities was not seen. Social and legal assistance, bereavement service and cold room for dead body were universally absent. Free treatment at Delhi and partial financial support at Lucknow were available for poor and destitute. CONCLUSION: Though a late start, evolution of trauma services was observed and huge infrastructure for trauma have come up at Delhi and Lucknow. Postgraduate accreditation in Trauma and EMS and creation of National Injury Control Program must be mandated to improve trauma care in India. Integration of medical, non traumatic surgical and pediatric emergency along with pre-hospital care is recommended.
RESUMO
The results of a new out-patient approach to fistula in ano are presented. The technique involved passing a multi-strand stainless steel wire through the fistulous tract and has been used in 56 patients with low fistulae as well as high horseshoe anal fistulae. Recurrence was seen in only 2 patients and none of the patients experienced temporary or permanent incontinence of flatus or faeces.