RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: This multi-centered cohort study evaluated the radiographic outcomes of regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs) and apexification treatments (APEX) of immature teeth with endodontic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cohort study included a retrospective record review and prospective data collection of pediatric patients with teeth treated with REPs or APEX between 2005-2014. Data including the presence of a periapical lesion, external root resorption (ERR), obliteration, apical hard tissue, apical closure, intracanal calcifications, and radiographic root area (RRA) change based on measurements were collected/measured from radiographic images. Univariate and multivariate analyses were conducted. RESULTS: The cohort included 190 subjects (204 teeth (92 REPs; 112 APEX)). The frequency of pre-treatment periapical pathology was similar between cases in which the clinical treatment failed versus successful treatment cases. However, the frequency of pre-treatment ERR was higher in failed cases than in successful cases (p=0.007). The mean RRA change was greater than twenty percent in 21% of the REPs cases. In traumatized teeth, REP treatment resulted in less hard tissue formation than other endodontic disease etiologies measured by RRA (p=0.001). 53% of cases with ERR (16/30) showed signs of healing/arrest and were mostly treated with REPs (11/16). CONCLUSIONS: The presence of ERR negatively affected the treatment outcome. There was significant variability in RRA change in REPs. Signs of healing/arrest of the resorptive lesion were radiographically visible in many cases treated with REPs.