Visual manifestations in giant cell arteritis: identification of risk factors from the ARTESER Registry.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and predictive factors of visual manifestations in a large registry of patients with GCA. METHODS: ARTESER is a large Spanish multicentre registry supported by the Spanish Society of Rheumatology. It includes patients with GCA from across the entire country diagnosed between June 2013 and March 2019. The variables collected at diagnosis were demographics, clinical manifestations (including all visual manifestations), laboratory, temporal artery biopsy, and imaging findings (ultrasound, FDG-PET/CT, MRI angiography, CT angiography). Patients with and without visual involvement were compared in a bivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to determine potential predictive factors of visual manifestations. RESULTS: The study population comprised 1636 GCA patients, of whom 599 (36.6%) presented visual manifestations. Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy was the most frequent (n = 274 of 599; 45.7%) ocular complication. The independent predictors that increased the risk (OR; 95% confidence interval) of visual involvement were older age (1.027; 1.009-1.045) and jaw claudication (1.724; 1.325-2.243). The variables associated with a reduced risk were polymyalgia rheumatica (0.541; 0.414-0.708), fever (0.373; 0.264-0.527), longer symptom duration (0.946; 0.909-0.985), and higher erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) (0.992; 0.988-0.997), common features of patients with large vessel-GCA. CONCLUSION: One-third of GCA patients present visual manifestations at diagnosis. Older age and jaw claudication are independent predictors of visual manifestations, whereas polymyalgia rheumatica, fever, longer symptom duration, and high ESR reduce the risk of visual involvement.

Structural determinants explain caries differences among preschool children in Chile's Metropolitan Region.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between Social Determinants of Health (structural and intermediate) and caries indicators in Chile's Metropolitan Region preschool children. METHODS: A multilevel cross-sectional study of Social Determinants of Health (SDH) and caries in children aged 1 to 6 years in Chile's Metropolitan Region was conducted in 2014-2015, with three levels: district, school and child. Caries were assessed by the dmft-index and the prevalence of untreated caries. The structural determinants analyzed were Community Human Development Index (CHDI), urban/rural location, school type, caregiver's education and family income. Poisson multilevel regression models were fit. RESULTS: The sample size was 2,275 children from 40 schools in 13 districts. While the highest CHDI district had an untreated caries prevalence of 17.1% (12.3-22.7%), in the most disadvantaged district it was 53.9% (95% CI 46.0-61.6%). As family income increased, the probability of untreated caries prevalence decreased (PR = 0.9 95% CI 0.8-1.0). Rural districts had an average dmft-index of 7.3 (95% CI 7.2-7.4), while in urban districts, it was 4.4 (95% CI 4.3-4.5). Higher probabilities of untreated caries prevalence (PR = 3.0 95% CI 2.3-3.9) were observed in rural children. Greater probabilities of untreated caries prevalence (PR = 1.3 95% CI 1.1-1.6) and prevalence of caries experience (PR = 1.3 95% CI 1.1-1.5) were observed in children whose caregivers had a secondary educational level. CONCLUSIONS: A strong association was observed between the social determinants of health, specifically the structural ones, and the caries indicators studied in children of the Metropolitan Region of Chile. There were notable differences in caries between districts according to social advantage. Rurality and caregiver's education were the most consistent predictors.

Recent progress in organic waste recycling materials for solar cell applications.

Organic waste-derived solar cells (OWSC) are a classification of third-generation photovoltaic cells in which one or more constituents are fabricated from organic waste material. They are an inspirational complement to the conventional third-generation solar cell with the potential of revolutionizing our future approach to solar cell manufacture. This article provides a study and summary of solar cells that fall under the category of OWSC. OWSC own their merit to low cost of manufacturing and environmental friendliness. This review article reveals different organic waste raw materials, preparation-to-assembly methodologies, and novel approaches to solar cell manufacturing. Ideas for the optimization of the performance of OWSC are presented. The assembly configurations and photovoltaic parameters of reported OWSC are compared in detail. An overview of the trends in the research regarding OWSC in the past decade is given. Also, the advantages and disadvantages of the different solar cell technologies are discussed, and possible trends are proposed. Industrial organic waste raw materials such as paper, coal, and plastics are among the least explored and yet most attractive for solar cell fabrication. The power conversion efficiencies for the cited works are mentioned while emphasizing the products and functions of the organic waste raw materials used.

Factors associated with early childhood caries in Chile.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of caries and identify the associated factors among children aged 2 and 4 years in southern Chile. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a random sample of 2,987 children. Dental examinations were performed in all participating children and a self-administered survey was administered to their primary caregivers. The statistical analysis included a zero inflated negative binomial regression model. RESULTS: The prevalence of caries was 20.3% for 2-year-olds and 52.7% for 4-year-olds. The factors associated with caries included the following: living in the Bio-Bío region, PR 2 year-old: 1.65 (1.10-2.47), PR 4 year-old: 1.44 (1.18-1.75) and having a low socioeconomic position, PR 2 year-old: 5.39 (2.14-13.57), PR 4 year-old: 3.71 (2.68-5.13) or a medium socioeconomic position, PR 2 year-old: 2.79 (1.06-7.33), PR 4 year-old: 2.70 (1.92-3.79). In 4-year-olds, a high frequency of consuming sugary drinks at bedtime (PR: 1.30; 1.06-1.59), not brushing teeth daily (PR: 1.37; 1.18-1.60), and the presence of gingivitis (PR: 1.64; 1.28-2.09) were also associated with caries. CONCLUSIONS: The high prevalence of caries in this young group is concerning. The factors associated with caries identified in this study could help in the design of preventive interventions at early ages.

Situación de salud bucal de párvulos chilenos en un contexto comunitario / Oral health situation of Chilean children in a community context

INTRODUCCIÓN: Determinar la situación de salud bucal en párvulos ingresados a un programa promocional-preventivo en la comuna de Melipilla durante el año 2018. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal realizado en 860 párvulos de entre dos a cinco años de edad matriculados en 17 establecimientos educacionales de la comuna, ubicados en zona urbana y rural. La experiencia de caries dental como variable dependiente y sexo, edad y zona geográfica del establecimiento educacional (urbano-rural) como variable independiente fueron medidas en un contexto comunitario (en aula). Estudio aprobado por Comité Científico de Ética de Universidad Finis Terrae y Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Occidente. RESULTADOS: El estudio abarcó al 88,5% de los párvulos matriculados, con promedio de edad de 3,76 ± 1,06 años. El 53,5% correspondieron a niñas. Un 34,1% (IC:95% 30,74:37,48) presentó caries dental, sin diferencias por sexo, zona geográfica, si por edad. A mayor edad, mayor daño por caries dental. Cada párvulo en promedio presentó un diente primario con caries (diente cariado:1,14 ± 2,28). El tercio de la población más afectada por caries dental presentó en promedio tres dientes primarios con daño. DISCUSIÓN: Los resultados muestran un elevado daño por caries dental cuyo inicio es temprano; esto pone de manifiesto la necesidad de avanzar en el desarrollo de políticas públicas de salud bucal destinadas a la primera infancia. (AU)

INTRODUCTION: To determine the oral health situation in the infants admitted to a pro-motional-preventive program in the municipality of Melipilla during the year 2018.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Cross-sectional study conducted with 860 infants between two to five years of age enrolled in 17 educational establishments in the community, located in urban and rural settings. The incidence of cavities as related to the variables of sex, age and geographical area of the educational establishment (urban-rural) as an independent variables were measured in a community context (in the classroom). Study approved by the Scientific Committee of Ethics of the Finis Terrae University and the Western Metropolitan Health Service.RESULTS: The study covered 88.5% of the enrolled children of 3.76 ± 1.06 years with an average age of 3,76 ± 1,06. 53.5% were girls. 34.1% (IC:95% 30,74:37,48) had cavities, without differences by sex or geographical area, but by age. The older you get, the more damage you get from tooth decay. Each toddler had on average one primary tooth with cavities (decayed tooth: 1.14 ± 2.28). One third of the population most affected by cavities presented on average three primary teeth with damage.DISCUSSION: The results show a high damage by cavities whose onset is early; This highlights the need to improve the development of public oral health policies aimed at early childhood. (AU)

Garantía Explícita en Salud Oral en adulto de 60 años: impacto en la percepción de la calidad de vida / Explicit Oral Health Guarantee for Adults 60 Years of Age: impact on their perception of quality of life

OBJETIVO: Evaluar la Garantía Explícita en Salud Oral en el Adulto de 60 años (GES-60 años) desde la percepción de la calidad de vida. MÉTODO: Se realizó una evaluación antes y después de la prestación del programa GES-60, sin grupo control. Se utilizó el cuestionario Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) para cuantificar los cambios en la percepción de la calidad de vida como un indicador de resultado del programa. Se aplicó el test no paramétrico de Wilcoxon para datos emparejados en STATA 12.0. RESULTADOS: Participaron 103 adultos en el estudio y 85,5% fueron mujeres. Al término del programa GES-60 se presentaron mejoras significativas en la valoración global de la percepción de la calidad de vida relacionada con salud oral, como también en cada una de las dimensiones, particularmente en términos de la limitación psicológica. CONCLUSIÓN: Existe una significativa contribución del programa en el mejoramiento de la percepción de la calidad de vida de la población intervenida.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the Explicit Guarantee in Oral Health for Adults 60 years of Age (GES-60) on the basis of their perception of quality of life. METHOD: Evaluations were conducted before and after users participated in the GES-60 program, without a control group. The Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI) was used to quantify changes in the perception of quality of life as an indicator of the program's results. The nonparametric Wilcoxon test was used to analyze matched data in STATA 12.0. RESULTS: A total of 103 adults participated in the study, and 85.5% were women. At the end of the GES-60 program, there were significant improvements in the overall assessment of the participants' perception of quality of life related to oral health, in each of the dimensions, particularly in terms of psychological limitations. CONCLUSION: The program significantly improves the target population's perception of quality of life.

Calidad de vida relacionada con salud oral en mayores de 14 años en la comunidad San Juan bautista, isla Robinson Crusoe, Chile / Quality of life related to oral health in subjects 14 Years or Older, San Juan Bautista community, Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile

El aislamiento geográfico y condiciones medioambientales hacen a la población de Juan Fernández altamente vulnerable, siendo relevante conocer la calidad de vida relacionada con salud oral. Se realizó un estudio transversal en 137 habitantes mayores de 14 años. Se aplicó OHIP-14 para medir calidad de vida relacionada con salud oral previo consentimiento informado. El análisis estadístico fue realizado STATA 12.0. Un 51,8% es población femenina, con una edad media de 42,26 (DE 16,5). Un 91,97%, percibe que la salud oral afecta su calidad de vida, siendo levemente mayor en mujeres. Las molestias psicológicas son una manifestación en 80,29% de los encuestados. Un 75,91% percibe incomodidad por dolor en su boca, 62,77% manifiesta problemas de incapacidad psicológica. Existe mayor impacto en la calidad de vida relacionada con salud oral a medida que aumenta la edad. Por cada año de vida, el valor del OHIP-14 aumenta 0,07 (IC:95% 0,04­0,1). Los resultados obtenidos sugieren la necesidad de generar políticas públicas que consideren la salud oral desde una perspectiva integral, con énfasis en poblaciones altamente vulnerables considerando la mejora en la calidad de vida como un resultado a esperar

Geographic isolation and environmental conditions make the population of Robinson Crusoe Island, in the Juan Fernández archipielago highly vulnerable. It is therefore relevant to know the quality of life related to oral health (QOLRTO). In this report a cross sectional study in 137 inhabitants over 14 years of age was carried out. OHIP-14 was applied to measure QOLRTO, after informed consent was obtained. Statistical analysis was made in STATA 12.0. The population is 51.8% female, mean age 42.26 (SD 16.5) being similar in both sexes. Of the subjects studied, 91.97% perceived that oral health affects their quality of life, being slightly higher in women. Psychological distress was a manifestation in 80.29% of subjects, while 75.91% perceived discomfort and mouth pain, and 62.77% reported psychological disability issues. There is a greater impact of oral health issues with increasing age. For each year of life, the value of the OHIP-14 increased 0.07 (CI 95%, 0.04 to 0.1). The results suggest that public health policies that include a comprehensive oral health perspective, with emphasis on highly vulnerable populations should be considered

Nivel de conocimiento de salud oral y utilización de ges odontológico en puérperas atendidas en una clínica privada, Santiago, Chile / Oral health level of knowledge and use of dental ges in puerperal patients at a private clinic, Santiago, Chile

El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el nivel de conocimientos de salud oral y la utilización de GES odontológico en 200 puérperas atendidas en el servicio integral de la mujer de una clínica privada, del sector norte de Santiago de Chile durante el año 2011. Se aplicó un cuestionario auto-administrado compuesto de 24 preguntas relacionadas con el nivel de conocimiento sobre enfermedades orales, prevención, gestación, atención odontológica y desarrollo dentario. El punto de corte para ser considerado como buen nivel de conocimiento fue igual o mayor a 14 puntos y regular entre 7 y 13 puntos. La edad promedio de la muestra estudiada fue de 29,11 años (+5,71) y la mitad refirió tener un solo hijo. El 57 por ciento refiere educación universitaria, un 70,5 por ciento declaró estar trabajando y sólo un tercio de ellas recibió atención dental durante su embarazo. Existe un nivel de conocimientos bueno en un 35 por ciento de las puérperas y regular en un 64 por ciento, siendo los conocimientos sobre prevención en salud oral los mejores evaluados y el de crecimiento y desarrollo dentario los más deficientes. La edad media fue mayor en el grupo con mejor nivel de conocimientos. Al hacer el análisis estadístico según las categorías de la encuesta no se observó diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre el nivel de conocimientos y haber recibido atención dental durante el embarazo (p=0,64). La relación entre el nivel de conocimientos sobre salud oral y paridad (p=0,37), nivel educacional (p=0,35) y ocupación (p=0,39) no fueron estadísticamente significativas. Se analizó también el puntaje en comparación a las diferentes variables mediante regresión lineal múltiple, solo el nivel educacional de la madre (IC95 por ciento= 0,3:1,8; p=0.007) y la paridad (IC95 por ciento= -0,1:1,5; p=0.05) fueron significativos, sin embargo el intervalo de confianza para la paridad no rechaza la hipótesis nula. Las madres con nivel educacional superior o técnico...

The aim of this study was to determine the level of oral health knowledge in 200 postpartum women attending an integral service for women of a private clinic in the northern sector of Santiago de Chile during the year 2011. We used a self-administered questionnaire based on 24 questions related to the level of knowledge of oral diseases, prevention, pregnancy, dental care and dental development. The cutoff score for being considered a good level of knowledge was higher than or equal to 14 points and regular cooperation between 7 and 13 points. The average age of the sample was 29.11 years (+ 5.71) and half reported having one child. 57% refers university education, 70.5% reported to be working and only a third received dental care during pregnancy. Thirty-five percent of puerperal women had a good level of knowledge and 64% had a regular level. The highest score identified was the knowledge on prevention in oral health and the lowest was health growth and development of dental. The mean age was higher in the group with higher level of knowledge. No statistically significant difference was observed between the level of knowledge and having received dental care during pregnancy (p = 0.635). The relation between level of oral health knowledge and parity (p = 0.367), educational level (p = 0.345) and occupation (p = 0.388) was not statistically significant. Using linear regression we analyzed the relation between level of knowledge score and other variables. The level of education of the mother (95% CI = 0.3:1.8, P = 0.007) and parity (95% CI = -0.1: 1.5, p = 0.05) were significant, but the confidence interval for parity does not reject the null hypothesis. Mothers with higher or technical level of education...

Situación de salud oral y calidad de vida de los adultos mayores / Oral health status and quality of life of older adults

Objetivos: Conocer la situación de salud oral y calidad de vida del adulto mayor que asiste a centros de salud pública del área oriente de Santiago de Chile durante los años 2011-2012. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal en una muestra probabilística de 380 adultos mayores. Se evaluó historia de caries, estado periodontal y situación protésica. La percepción de calidad de vida se midió con el Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Se establecieron dos categorías: ômala calidad de vidaõ (puntuación ≤ 57) y ôbuena calidad de vidaõV (puntuación >57). El análisis estadístico se hizo en programa STATA 11.0. Resultados: La edad media fue de 71,33 años (D.E. ± 7,26); 66,1% son mujeres; 51,6% casado y 78,9% pensionado. Un 32,4% tiene educación media completa. El COPD fue de 22,16 (IC: 95% 21,72-22,60) mayor en mujeres (p>0,05) y aumenta con la edad (p< 0.05). Un 44% tiene entre 1 y 4 piezas dentarias con lesiones de caries dental. El edentulismo fue de 7,1%. Un 20% presentó sacos periodontales > a 5,5 mm. Un 43% presenta higiene oral regular. Un 59,5% usa prótesis removible en el maxilar superior y 40,3% en el inferior. Un 76,6% percibe como mala su calidad de vida. Conclusión: Los adultos mayores son un grupo de especial interés para la salud pública debido a la mala percepción de su calidad de vida y vulnerabilidad de su salud bucal.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to determine de the status of oral health and life quality of older adults who attend in public health centers in the area orient of Santiago, Chile during the years 2011-2012. Material and method: A descriptive cross-sectional study in a random sample of 380 older adults. Was evaluated the history of caries, periodontal and prosthetic situation. The perceived life quality was measured with the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI). Were established two categories: ôBad quality lifeõ (score ≤ 57) and ôGood life qualityõ (score >57). The statistical analysis was done in STATA 11.0. Results, the average age was 71.33 years (E.D. ±7.26); 66.1% are women; 51.6% are married y 78.9% retired. 32.4% have completed secondary education. The CAOD was 22.16 (CI 95% 21.72 to 22.60) more in women (p> 0.05) and increased with age (p <0.05). The 44% have between 1 and 4 teeth with dental caries. Edentulous was 7.1%. The 20% presented periodontal pockets> 5.5 mm. About 43% have regular oral hygiene. The 59.5% a removable prosthesis used in the maxilla and 40.3% in the mandible. The 76.6% perceived bad quality of life. Conclusion: The elderly are a group of special interest for public health due to poor perception of their life quality and oral health vulnerability.