Bioglass associated with leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma in the rabbit maxillary sinus: histomorphometric, densitometric, and fractal analysis.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the outcomes of autogenous bone graft (AB) and bioglass (BG) associated or not with leukocyte-poor platelet-rich plasma (LP-PRP) in the rabbit maxillary sinus (MS) by histomorphometric and radiographic analysis. Twenty rabbits divided into 2 groups (G1, G2) were submitted to sinus lift surgery. In G1, 10 MS were grafted with AB and 10 MS were grafted with BG. In G2, 10 MS were grafted with AB + LP-PRP and 10 MS were grafted with BG + LP-PRP. After 90 days, the animals were killed and specimens were obtained, x-rayed, and submitted to histomorphometric, radiographic bone density (RD) and fractal dimension analysis. Radiographic bone density mean values (SD), expressed as aluminum equivalent in mm, of AB, BG, AB + LP-PRP, and BG + LP-PRP groups were 1.79 (0.31), 2.04 (0.39), 1.61 (0.28), and 1.53 (0.30), respectively. Significant differences (P < 0.05) were observed between BG and AB, and BG + PRP and BG. Fractal dimension mean values were 1.48 (0.04), 1.35 (0.08), 1.44 (0.04), and 1.44 (0.06), respectively. Significant differences were observed between BG and AB, and AB + LP-PRP and BG. Mean values for the percentage of bone inside MS were 63.30 (8.60), 52.65 (10.41), 55.25 (7.01), and 51.07 (10.25), respectively. No differences were found. No correlations were observed among percentage of bone, RD and FD. Histological analysis showed that MS treated with AB presented mature and new bone formation. The other groups showed minor bone formation. Within the limitations of this study, the results indicated that at a 90-day time end point, AB yielded better results than AB + LP-PRP, BG, and BG + LP-PRP and should be considered the primary material for MS augmentation.

Reliability of bleeding and non-bleeding on probing to gingival histological features.

Given the extensive use in periodontal diagnosis of the clinical sign of bleeding on probing, the reliability of the technique in relation to gingival histological features and the need for a better understanding of its significance was investigated. Bleeding (B) and non-bleeding (NB) buccal gingival tissues, were measured through manual probing during gingivectomy procedures. The histological evidence of inflammation was used as the gold standard. The established histological descriptive patterns showed statistically significant differences between B and NB sites (chi2 = 20.842, p < 0.05). The reliability scores were found to be of high sensitivity (90.9%) and negative predictive value (89.5%) as well as of fair specificity (77.3%) and positive predictive value (80%). The accuracy was found to be 84.1%. The histological quantitative analysis showed no statistically significant difference for any HGI (Histological Gingival Index). B sites presented HGI = 1 in 72.8%, close to the NB sites, which showed 63.4% for the same histological score. Furthermore, Pearson's analysis showed a low correlation between the studied clinical signs and the histological quantitative analysis (r = 0.265, p > 0.05). We conclude that the clinical parameter of bleeding on probing is a reliable tool for diagnosing gingival inflammation, whereas the clinical sign of non-bleeding on probing is not a safe criteria for evaluating gingival health.