Short-term efficacy of exercise therapy for temporomandibular disorders: a case control study.

[Purpose] This study compared the short-term outcomes of manual therapy performed by a dentist and home exercises performed by patients as a single exercise therapy program for temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement without reduction. [Participants and Methods] In this study we included seventeen patients with temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement without reduction, moderate or greater temporomandibular joint functional impairment, and no treatment interventions. Patients receiving treatment underwent exercise therapy at the time of their first visit, whereas those in the non-treatment group received only an explanation of the condition. We evaluated the clinical symptoms (maximum painless opening distance, pain on motion and mastication, and degree of difficulty in daily life) at the first visit and at the two-week follow-up visit. [Results] For both groups, maximum painless opening distance and degree of difficulty in daily life improved significantly. For the treatment group, the pain on motion and mastication values significantly improved throughout the assessment period. [Conclusion] An exercise therapy program may be useful for the early treatment of temporomandibular joint anterior disc displacement without disc reduction.

Efficacy of therapeutic exercise for temporomandibular disorders as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging: a case report.

[Purpose] The efficacy of exercise therapy in temporomandibular disorders has been recognized. Here, we present our experience with exercise therapy. [Participant and Methods] A 25-year-old female with a sudden onset of mouth opening limitation in October 2018 was admitted to our hospital in November 2018. Based on our initial findings, the patient was diagnosed with left disc derangement of the temporomandibular joint without reduction. A definitive diagnosis was established following magnetic resonance imaging in December 2018. Subsequently, range-of-motion exercises for the temporomandibular joint as passive movements and self-traction therapy as active movements were conducted. Magnetic resonance imaging was repeated 4 months after the first treatment. [Results] The temporomandibular joint disc remained in anterior dislocation during mouth opening and closing. The mouth opening joint motion was significantly improved compared to the pre-therapy range. The pain-related visual analog scale score also significantly improved. [Conclusion] The range of motion of the temporomandibular joint was improved by range-of-motion exercises for the temporomandibular joint, and was maintained and managed using self-traction therapy. Improvement of the range of motion was confirmed by magnetic resonance imaging.

Pilot study of the short-term effects of range-of-motion exercise for the temporomandibular joint in patients with temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction.

[Purpose] This study investigated the effectiveness of a short-term exercise program combining range-of-motion exercise for the temporomandibular joint and self-traction therapy in patients with temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction. [Subjects and Methods] The study participants comprised 36 females with jaw trismus and moderate to severe functional pain. The range-of-motion exercise for the temporomandibular joint was performed at the first visit by the therapist, and the patients were instructed to perform self-traction therapy in the morning and during daily bathing until the next visit 2 weeks later. Maximum mouth opening distance and the visual analogue scale score were used to compare pain on motion and mastication as well as the impact of the program on daily activities at the first consultation and 2 weeks later. [Results] All symptoms were significantly improved after 2 weeks of treatment. [Conclusion] A program that combines exercise for the temporomandibular joint and self-traction therapy can improve range of motion at the joint in the short term and reduce pain and difficulty associated with daily activity in patients with temporomandibular joint disc displacement without reduction. The results of this study suggest that such a program can serve as an effective conservative treatment.

Can sonographic features be efficacy predictors of robotic massage treatment for masseter and temporal muscle in patients with temporomandibular disorder with myofascial pain?

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to detect sonographic predictors for the efficacy of massage treatment of masseter and temporal muscle in temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) patients with myofascial pain. METHODS: Thirty-seven TMD patients with myofascial pain (6 men and 31 women, a median age of 45 years) were enrolled. An oral rehabilitation robot massaged the patient's masseter and temporal muscles with a standard massage pressure of 10 N for 16 min. The standard treatment protocol was set five sessions every 2 weeks. The median total duration of treatment was 9.5 weeks. Efficacy of treatment was evaluated based on maximum mouth opening and visual analog scale scores of muscle pain and daily life impediments. The intramuscular echogenic bands and elasticity index ratios of the masseter muscles were evaluated on sonographic or sonoelastographic images obtained before treatment and after the third and last treatment sessions. RESULTS: The sonographic features detected different changes after the third treatment session between the therapy-effective and therapy-ineffective groups: in the therapy-effective group, the frequency of visibility of the distinct echogenic bands increased, and the elasticity index ratio decreased. CONCLUSION: Sonographic features after the third treatment session may be useful as predictors of therapeutic efficacy.

Automatic segmentation of the temporomandibular joint disc on magnetic resonance images using a deep learning technique.

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the present study were to construct a deep learning model for automatic segmentation of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc on magnetic resonance (MR) images, and to evaluate the performances using the internal and external test data. METHODS: In total, 1200 MR images of closed and open mouth positions in patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) were collected from two hospitals (Hospitals A and B). The training and validation data comprised 1000 images from Hospital A, which were used to create a segmentation model. The performance was evaluated using 200 images from Hospital A (internal validity test) and 200 images from Hospital B (external validity test). RESULTS: Although the analysis of performance determined with data from Hospital B showed low recall (sensitivity), compared with the performance determined with data from Hospital A, both performances were above 80%. Precision (positive predictive value) was lower when test data from Hospital A were used for the position of anterior disc displacement. According to the intra-articular TMD classification, the proportions of accurately assigned TMJs were higher when using images from Hospital A than when using images from Hospital B. CONCLUSION: The segmentation deep learning model created in this study may be useful for identifying disc positions on MR images.

Evaluation of patients suffered from burning mouth syndrome and persistent idiopathic facial pain using Japanese version PainDETECT questionnaire and depression scales.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: Various questionnaires have been validated as methods for screening of neuropathic pain, but none have been established for the orofacial region. Although chronic pain and depression are likely to comorbid, few studies have examined the relationship between orofacial chronic pain and depression. Therefore, we evaluated the potential of the Japanese Version of PainDETECT as an assessment tool for neuropathic pain associated with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and persistent idiopathic facial pain (PIFP). We also evaluated the depression scale such as Beck's Depression Inventory (BDI: a subjective index) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS: an objective index) with BMS or PIFP. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As a target, we administered the Japanese version of the PainDETECT questionnaire to the BMS (29 patients) and PIFP (17 patients). As a control, patients with post-extraction pain (typical nociceptive pain, (EXT) 16 patients) were also participated. We performed BDI and HDRS with BMS or PIFP. RESULTS: Although PainDETECT final score was significantly higher in BMS [median: 10] compared with PIFP [6] and EXT [5] (p < 0.05), PainDETECT final scores for all groups were lower than the cutoff value for the possibility of neuropathic pain. HDRS was significantly higher in the BMS than the PIFP. There were no significant differences between the BMS and PIFP in BDI. CONCLUSION: Under the limitations of current research design, the Japanese version of the PainDETECT questionnaire does not show sufficient potential as pain assessment tool for patients with BMS and PIFP. BMS is comorbid with depression objectively when compared with PIFP.

Ultrasonographic features of the masseter muscle in female patients with temporomandibular disorder associated with myofascial pain.

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of the present study was to examine ultrasonographic appearances in female patients with temporomandibular disorder (TMD) associated with myofascial pain in comparison with healthy volunteers. STUDY DESIGN: The thickness of the masseter muscle in 25 female patients with TMD was measured at rest and at maximum contraction using ultrasonography. The visibility and width of the internal echogenic bands of the masseter muscle were also assessed and the muscle appearance was classified as 1 of 3 types: type I, characterized by the clear visibility of the fine bands; type II, thickening and weakened echo-intensity of the bands; type III, disappearance or reduction in number of the bands. RESULTS: There were significant differences in the thickness at rest and the increase ratio by contraction between the patient and control groups. The distribution of muscle types showed a significant difference between the 2 groups. CONCLUSION: The ultrasonographic features of the masseter muscle in TMD patients with myofascial pain were clarified and they might be related to muscle edema.

Diagnostic evaluation of an ultrathin 15,000 fiberoptic arthroscope: comparison of arthroscopic and histologic findings in a sheep model.

PURPOSE: An ultrathin 15,000 fiberoptic-based arthroscope was evaluated for the detection of osteoarthritic intra-articular pathologies in sheep temporomandibular joints. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Osteoarthritis was bilaterally induced in the temporomandibular joints in sheep. Twenty osteoarthritic temporomandibular joints were arthroscopically examined and rated with use of the ultrathin arthroscope. The arthroscopic observation was then compared with the histologic findings. RESULTS: The arthroscope provided excellent vision of the osteoarthritic joints. Correlation between arthroscopic and histologic findings was 80%. CONCLUSION: The recently developed ultrathin (15,000) arthroscope was found to be a highly reliable and efficient tool to diagnose joint space pathologies of the osteoarthritic temporomandibular joint.