Associations of perceived stress and salivary cortisol with the snack and fast-food dietary pattern in women shift workers.

This study aimed to investigate the association of perceived stress and salivary cortisol levels with the snack and fast-food dietary pattern in a sample of women shift workers. We conducted a cross-sectional study of 539 women aged 18-53 years working in the production line of a poultry processing plant. Stress was assessed with the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and by salivary cortisol levels (immediately after waking and upon returning home from work). Dietary patterns were identified by principal component analysis. We used linear and Poisson regression models to assess multivariable-adjusted associations of perceived stress and salivary cortisol levels with the snack and fast-food dietary pattern. After adjustments, women with higher PSS-10 scores had a 28% higher probability (95% confidence interval, 1.04-1.56) of consuming snacks/fast food. Mean (SD) waking cortisol levels were inversely associated with quartiles of the dietary pattern: Q1, 6.63 (0.43) nmol/L; Q2, 6.00 (0.38) nmol/L; Q3, 5.62 (0.40) nmol/L; and Q4, 5.29 (0.35) nmol/L (p = 0.019). Perceived stress was not associated with salivary cortisol levels. The work shift was not associated with perceived stress or cortisol levels. This study demonstrated an association of psychological and physiological measures of stress with a dietary pattern characterized by high intakes of hyper-palatable, energy-dense, ready-to-eat foods among women shift workers.

Salivary Cortisol, Perceived Stress, and Metabolic Syndrome: A Matched Case-Control Study in Female Shift Workers.

Although the pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome (MetS) is complex and multifactorial, there is limited information if psychological factors, such as stress exposure, are involved in the etiology of MetS. Therefore, this study investigated the associations between MetS and cortisol levels and perceived stress levels among women shift workers in Southern Brazil. A matched case-control study was conducted, including 50 cases of MetS and 200 age-matched controls (±3 years, 4 for each case). Salivary cortisol levels were evaluated immediately after waking and one upon returning home from work. Perceived stress levels were measured by the Perceived Stress Scale with 10 items (PSS-10). Multivariate-adjusted associations between MetS and salivary cortisol levels and perceived stress levels were assessed by conditional logistic regression. Means±standard deviations of salivary cortisol levels were not significantly different between cases and controls either immediately after waking (5.37±4.10 vs. 6.03±5.39 nmol/l; p = 0.53) or after work (2.74±2.87 vs. 2.78±2.85 nmol/l; p = 0.93). There was no significant difference in perceived stress level between cases and controls (14.2±5.9 vs. 15.5±5.6; p = 0.15). No independent association was observed in the multivariate model between MetS and salivary cortisol level or perceived stress level after these exposures were stratified into tertiles. Overall, there was no difference between women with or without MetS in regard to the free salivary cortisol and perceived stress. Our results do not support an association between stress exposure and MetS among women shift workers.

Psychosocial aspects and the impact of oral health on quality of life of Brazilian adults. / Aspectos psicossociais e percepção de impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida em adultos do Sul do Brasil.

INTRODUCTION: This research aimed to investigate the association between psychosocial aspects and the impact of oral health on quality of life among adults. METHOD: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,100 adults aged 20 years or older from a medium-sized city in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. The outcome was Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) in three categories: better (OHIP=0: 50% of lower scores), moderate (OHIP 1-12.6: 25% of intermediate scores), and worse (OHIP≥12.7: 25% of higher scores). The exposures included measurements of social support, resilience, sense of coherence, spirituality, quality of life, and stress. We calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals using ordinal logistic regression. RESULTS: After adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables, individuals with low social support, low sense of coherence, low quality of life, and high level of stress were, respectively, 2.16, 2.90, 2.94, and 1.50 times more likely to report a worse impact of oral health on quality of life than those with favorable characteristics. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that psychosocial aspects can influence the perceived impact of oral health on quality of life. Health policies, programs, and services must recognize the mutual relationship between oral health indicators and psychosocial aspects among adults.

INTRODUÇÃO: A pesquisa objetivou investigar a associação entre os aspectos psicossociais e o impacto das condições bucais sobre a qualidade de vida de adultos, escopo ainda pouco explorado em pesquisas nacionais. MÉTODO: Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi realizado com 1.100 adultos de 20 anos de idade ou mais, em uma cidade de médio porte do Rio Grande do Sul. O desfecho foi avaliado por meio do Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) enquanto as exposições incluíram medidas de apoio social, resiliência, senso de coerência, espiritualidade, qualidade de vida e estresse. Foram calculadas as razões de chances brutas e ajustadas, bem como seus intervalos de confiança de 95% utilizando-se regressão logística ordinal. RESULTADOS: Após o ajuste para variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais, indivíduos com baixo apoio social, baixo senso de coerência, baixa qualidade de vida e alto nível de estresse possuíam respectivamente 2,16; 2,90; 2,94; 1,50 vezes mais chance de relatar um pior impacto da condição na qualidade de vida quando comparados aos indivíduos com estas características favoráveis. CONCLUSÕES: Os achados sugerem que os aspectos psicossociais podem influenciar a avaliação que as pessoas fazem do impacto da condição bucal sobre a qualidade de vida. É importante que políticas, programas e serviços de saúde reconheçam a relação mútua entre os indicadores de saúde bucal e os aspectos psicossociais de adultos.

Clinical, social and psychosocial factors associated with self-rated oral health in Brazilian adolescents.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to investigate the main social, psychosocial and clinical factors associated with poor self-rated oral health in adolescents. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was carried out in two cities of the Distrito Federal, Brazil. Data were collected by clinical examinations and by self-administered questionnaires from 1302 adolescents aged 14- 15 years in 39 schools. Data analysis was carried out using a Poisson regression model taking into account the cluster sample. RESULTS: Adjusting for social, psychosocial and clinical factors, results showed that poor self-rated oral health was significantly associated (P < 0.001) with sex (males) [prevalence ratio (PR) = 0.8, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 0.7-0.9]; low social class (PR =1.4, 95% CI: 1.2-1.6); poor self-rated general health (PR = 2.6, 95% CI: 2.3-3.1); mouth appearance (PR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.6-2.2) and with presence of untreated dental decay (PR = 1.4, 95% CI: 1.3-1.6). CONCLUSIONS: The single question on self-rated oral health appears to be a simple and easy way to collect dental health information in adolescents. Assessment and understanding of self-rated oral health should take into account social, psychosocial and oral factors.

Factors associated with common mental disorders: a study based on clusters of women / Fatores associados aos transtornos mentais comuns: estudo baseado em clusters de mulheres

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE to identify factors associated with common mental disorders (CMD) in a sample of adult women in Southern Brazil. METHODS This population-based study, composed of 1,128 women, investigated socioeconomic, behavioral and health/disease explanatory demographic variables. Five response groups were explored: one group with common mental disorders - cut-off point 6/7 in the Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) - and four others corresponding to the different clusters found using the latent class clustering technique, also from the SRQ-20. These four clusters (low, medium-depressive, medium-digestive and high) were named (denominated) based on the mean scores in the SRQ-20 in each group and on the response patterns of the variables and factorial characteristics. The "low" cluster comprised women with lower SRQ-20 scores and, therefore less likely to present CMD. The "high" cluster, with high mean values in the SRQ-20, was related to higher psychiatric morbidity. We used the Poisson regression technique to compare the findings of the different groups. RESULTS We identified ten variables as factors associated with CMD. Age, education, smoking, physical activity, perception of health and number of medical appointments were the common variables for the cut-off point and cluster-based analyses. Heavy alcohol use was associated only when the sample was evaluated as a cut-off point. Social class, work situation and existence of chronic diseases were associated only when the sample was analyzed by clusters. There was a significant association in the "high" cluster with lower classes (D or E), smoking, physical inactivity, existence of chronic diseases and negative perception of health. CONCLUSION We identified different associated factors according to the response groups considered. New approaches allowing identification of subgroups of individuals with specific characteristics and associated factors may contribute for a more accurate understanding of CMD and provide the basis for health interventions.

RESUMO OBJETIVO Identificar fatores associados aos transtornos mentais comuns (TMC) em uma amostra de mulheres adultas no Sul do Brasil. MÉTODOS Em estudo de base populacional composto por 1.128 mulheres, foram investigadas variáveis explicativas demográficas, socioeconômicas, comportamentais e de saúde/doença. Cinco grupos-resposta foram explorados: um grupo com transtornos mentais comuns - ponto de corte 6/7 no Self-Reporting Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) - e outros quatro correspondentes aos diferentes clusters encontrados através da técnica de clusterização por classe latente, também a partir do SRQ-20. Esses quatro clusters (baixo, médio-depressivo, médio-digestivo e alto) foram denominados com base nas pontuações médias do SRQ-20 em cada grupo e nos padrões de resposta das variáveis e características fatoriais. O cluster "baixo" compreendeu mulheres com menores escores no SRQ-20 e, portanto, com menor probabilidade de apresentarem TMC. Já o cluster "alto", com valores médios elevados no SRQ-20, esteve relacionado a maior morbidade psiquiátrica. Utilizou-se a técnica de regressão de Poisson, com comparação entre os achados dos diferentes grupos. RESULTADOS Foram identificadas 10 variáveis como fatores associados aos TMC. Idade, escolaridade, tabagismo, atividade física, percepção de saúde e número de consultas foram as variáveis comuns para as análises com ponto de corte assim como nas baseadas em clusters. Etilismo pesado esteve associado somente quando avaliada a amostra como ponto de corte. Já classe econômica, situação laboral e presença de doenças crônicas estiveram associadas somente quando analisada a amostra por clusters. No cluster "alto", houve associação significativa com classes econômicas mais baixas (D ou E), tabagismo, inatividade física, presença de doenças crônicas e percepção de saúde negativa. CONCLUSÕES Diferentes fatores associados foram identificados segundo os grupos-resposta considerados. Novos enfoques que possibilitem identificar subgrupos de indivíduos com características e fatores associados específicos poderiam contribuir para um entendimento mais apurado dos TMC, servindo de base para intervenções em saúde.

Aspectos psicossociais e percepção de impacto da saúde bucal na qualidade de vida em adultos do Sul do Brasil / Psychosocial aspects and the impact of oral health on quality of life of Brazilian adults

RESUMO: Introdução: A pesquisa objetivou investigar a associação entre os aspectos psicossociais e o impacto das condições bucais sobre a qualidade de vida de adultos, escopo ainda pouco explorado em pesquisas nacionais. Método: Um estudo transversal de base populacional foi realizado com 1.100 adultos de 20 anos de idade ou mais, em uma cidade de médio porte do Rio Grande do Sul. O desfecho foi avaliado por meio do Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) enquanto as exposições incluíram medidas de apoio social, resiliência, senso de coerência, espiritualidade, qualidade de vida e estresse. Foram calculadas as razões de chances brutas e ajustadas, bem como seus intervalos de confiança de 95% utilizando-se regressão logística ordinal. Resultados: Após o ajuste para variáveis demográficas, socioeconômicas e comportamentais, indivíduos com baixo apoio social, baixo senso de coerência, baixa qualidade de vida e alto nível de estresse possuíam respectivamente 2,16; 2,90; 2,94; 1,50 vezes mais chance de relatar um pior impacto da condição na qualidade de vida quando comparados aos indivíduos com estas características favoráveis. Conclusões: Os achados sugerem que os aspectos psicossociais podem influenciar a avaliação que as pessoas fazem do impacto da condição bucal sobre a qualidade de vida. É importante que políticas, programas e serviços de saúde reconheçam a relação mútua entre os indicadores de saúde bucal e os aspectos psicossociais de adultos.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: This research aimed to investigate the association between psychosocial aspects and the impact of oral health on quality of life among adults. Method: This population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,100 adults aged 20 years or older from a medium-sized city in Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. The outcome was Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) in three categories: better (OHIP=0: 50% of lower scores), moderate (OHIP 1-12.6: 25% of intermediate scores), and worse (OHIP≥12.7: 25% of higher scores). The exposures included measurements of social support, resilience, sense of coherence, spirituality, quality of life, and stress. We calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios and their respective 95% confidence intervals using ordinal logistic regression. Results: After adjustment for demographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral variables, individuals with low social support, low sense of coherence, low quality of life, and high level of stress were, respectively, 2.16, 2.90, 2.94, and 1.50 times more likely to report a worse impact of oral health on quality of life than those with favorable characteristics. Conclusions: The findings suggest that psychosocial aspects can influence the perceived impact of oral health on quality of life. Health policies, programs, and services must recognize the mutual relationship between oral health indicators and psychosocial aspects among adults.

Multilevel analysis of self-perception in oral health and associated factors in Southern Brazilian adults: a cross-sectional study / Análise em multinível da autopercepção em saúde bucal e fatores associados em adultos do Sul do Brasil: um estudo transversal / Análisis multinivel de la autopercepción de la salud oral y factores asociados en adultos del sur de Brasil: un estudio transversal

The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between individual and contextual variables related to self-perception in oral health among residents in the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. The cross-sectional design involved 1,100 adults in 38 census tracts. The self-perception was evaluated using the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) tool. A logistic multilevel analysis was performed. The multivariate analysis revealed that those who are of the female gender, older, with lower scores of quality of life and less social support, with poor healthy eating habits, smokers and those living in low-income census tracts presented higher odds of reporting worse oral health self-perception (OHIP-1). We concluded that individual and contextual variables are associated with oral health self-perception. This is essential information for planning health services wishing to meet the health needs of the population.

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a associação entre aspectos individuais e contextuais com a autopercepção em saúde bucal em moradores do município de São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. É um estudo com delineamento transversal, numa amostra probabilística de 1.100 adultos em 38 setores censitários. A autopercepção foi avaliada por meio do Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A análise dos dados utilizou regressão logística multinível. Na análise multivariável, indivíduos do gênero feminino, com idade avançada, piores escores de qualidade de vida e de apoio social, com hábitos alimentares ruins, fumantes e residentes em setores censitários com baixa renda apresentaram maiores chances de relatar pior autopercepção em saúde bucal (OHIP-1). O estudo identificou os fatores associados à autopercepção de saúde nos níveis individual e contextual. Essa é informação imprescindível para o planejamento de serviços de saúde que pretendam atender às necessidades de saúde da população.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar la asociación entre los factores individuales y contextuales de la salud oral en la percepción subjetiva de los habitantes de Sao Leopoldo, Río Grande do Sul, Brasil. Este fue un estudio transversal con una muestra aleatoria de 1.100 adultos en 38 secciones censales. La autopercepción se evaluó utilizando el Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). El análisis de datos utilizó la regresión logística multinivel. En el análisis multivariado, los sujetos femeninos con edad avanzada, con peores calificaciones de calidad de vida y el apoyo social, malos hábitos alimenticios, tabaquismo y pertenecientes a las secciones censales de bajos ingresos eran más propensos a informar un peor estado de salud bucal autopercibida (OHIP-1). El estudio identifica los factores asociados con la salud auto-evaluada a nivel individual y sus factores contextuales. Esto es esencial para la planificación de los servicios de salud que desean satisfacer las necesidades de información sobre salud de la población.

Social, economic, and behavioral variables associated with oral health-related quality of life among Brazilian adults / Variáveis sociais, econômicas e comportamentais associadas à saúde bucal relacionada à qualidade de vida em adultos brasileiros

The aim of this study was to investigate the association between sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables and oral health as assessed using the 14-question short version of the Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A cross-sectional study was performed with 1095 adult residents from 38 census tracts in the municipality of São Leopoldo, State of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Responses to the OHIP-14 were dichotomized, and bivariate (Chi-square) and multivariate analysis (logistic regression and Wald's test) were performed. In the bivariate analysis, the worse effects were reported by female individuals, the elderly, those with low family income, less schooling, those reporting a lower quality of life and social support, and smokers. In the multivariate analysis the following variables maintained their statistical significance: gender (female), age (50-59 years), family income (low), quality of life (low), social support (low, moderate), and smoking (smokers). Individuals' self-perception of their oral health was related to sociodemographic, socioeconomic, psychosocial, and behavioral variables, thus confirming that emphasis should be placed on social factors when addressing oral health problems.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a associação entre as variáveis sociodemográficas, socioeconômicas, psicossociais e comportamentais e a saúde bucal por meio da versão abreviada do Perfil de Impacto em Saúde Oral, Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). Estudo transversal que contou com 1095 adultos residentes nos 38 setores censitários do município de São Leopoldo, RS, Brasil. As respostas ao OHIP-14 foram dicotomizadas e a análise bivariada (Qui-quadrado) e multivariada (regressão logística e teste de Wald) foram realizadas. Na análise bivariada, os piores efeitos foram relatados por mulheres, indivíduos com idade mais avançada, com baixa renda familiar e menor escolaridade, por aqueles com relato de menor qualidade de vida e apoio social e por fumantes. Na análise multivariada as seguintes variáveis mantiveram significância estatística: gênero (mulheres), idade (50-59 anos), renda familiar (baixa), qualidade de vida (baixa), apoio social (baixo e moderado) e hábito de fumar (fumantes). A autopercepção individual da saúde bucal foi relacionada às variáveis pesquisadas, confirmando que deve ser dada ênfase aos fatores sociais ao se tratar de problemas de saúde bucal.

[Prevalence of poor self-rated mastication and associated factors in Brazilian elderly]. / Prevalência de capacidade mastigatória insatisfatória e fatores associados em idosos brasileiros.

We estimated the prevalence of poor self-rated mastication and associated factors among Brazilian elders. The study used data from a national survey of 5,124 Brazilian elderly in 250 cities. Data collection included dental examinations and household interviews with the elderly. The outcome was self-rated mastication. Data analyses used Poisson regression, and the prevalence of poor self-rated mastication was 49.7% (95%CI: 47.5-51.8). Adjusted analyses showed that increased prevalence was associated with: black color/race (PR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.02-1.26); low income (PR = 1.22; 95%CI: 1.12-1.33.); high rates of tooth loss (PR = 1.66; 95%CI: 1.02-2.66); untreated caries (PR = 1.16; 95%CI: 1.08-1.25); never having visited a dentist (PR = 1.26; 95%CI: 1.10-1.44); toothache (PR = 1.47; 95%CI: 1.39-1.57); use of partial (PR = 0.87; 95%CI: 0.76-0.99) or total prostheses (PR = 0.81; 95%CI: 0.75-0.88); and need for partial (PR = 1.13; 95%CI: 1.03-1.25) or total prostheses (PR = 1.27; 95%CI: 1.16-1.39). The high prevalence emphasizes the dental care needs of this older group. Policies to deal with the problem should take the associated factors into account.

Prevalência de capacidade mastigatória insatisfatória e fatores associados em idosos brasileiros / Prevalence of poor self-rated mastication and associated factors in Brazilian elderly

Estimou-se a prevalência de capacidade mastigatória insatisfatória referida e fatores associados entre a população de 65 a 74 anos no Brasil. Este estudo faz parte da pesquisa Condições de Saúde Bucal da População Brasileira com 5.124 idosos de 250 municípios. Os dados foram coletados nos domicílios incluindo exame dentário e entrevista. A análise utilizou regressão de Poisson, 2.546 pessoas (49,7 por cento; IC95 por cento: 47,5-51,8) referiram capacidade mastigatória insatisfatória. Na análise ajustada, estavam associadas as variáveis: cor da pele negra (RP = 1,13; IC95 por cento: 1,02-1,26); baixa renda (RP = 1,22; IC95 por cento: 1,12-1,33.); ter dor de dente nos últimos meses (RP = 1,47; IC95 por cento: 1,39-1,57), nunca ir ao dentista (RP = 1,26; IC95 por cento: 1,10-1,44), não receber orientações preventivas (RP = 1,09; IC95 por cento: 1,02-1,17) ter dentes perdidos (RP = 1,66; IC95 por cento: 1,02-2,66), cáries não tratadas (RP = 1,16; IC95 por cento: 1,08-1,25), usar prótese parcial (RP = 0,87; IC95 por cento: 0,76-0,99) ou total (RP = 0,81; IC95 por cento: 0,75-0,88) e necessitar prótese dentária parcial (RP = 1,13; IC95 por cento: 1,03-1,25) ou total (RP = 1,27; IC95 por cento: 1,16-1,39). Assim, aponta para a priorização dos idosos levando-se em consideração seus fatores associados.

We estimated the prevalence of poor self-rated mastication and associated factors among Brazilian elders. The study used data from a national survey of 5,124 Brazilian elderly in 250 cities. Data collection included dental examinations and household interviews with the elderly. The outcome was self-rated mastication. Data analyses used Poisson regression, and the prevalence of poor self-rated mastication was 49.7 percent (95 percentCI: 47.5-51.8). Adjusted analyses showed that increased prevalence was associated with: black color/race (PR = 1.13; 95 percentCI: 1.02-1.26); low income (PR = 1.22; 95 percentCI: 1.12-1.33.); high rates of tooth loss (PR = 1.66; 95 percentCI: 1.02-2.66); untreated caries (PR = 1.16; 95 percentCI: 1.08-1.25); never having visited a dentist (PR = 1.26; 95 percentCI: 1.10-1.44); toothache (PR = 1.47; 95 percentCI: 1.39-1.57); use of partial (PR = 0.87; 95 percentCI: 0.76-0.99) or total prostheses (PR = 0.81; 95 percentCI: 0.75-0.88); and need for partial (PR = 1.13; 95 percentCI: 1.03-1.25) or total prostheses (PR = 1.27; 95 percentCI: 1.16-1.39). The high prevalence emphasizes the dental care needs of this older group. Policies to deal with the problem should take the associated factors into account.

Padroes e determinantes do uso de chupeta em criancas / Use of pacifiers in children: patterns and determinants

O uso de chupetas e um habito infantil bastante difundidoem nosso meio, apesar de seus efeitos negativos sobre a amamentacao e denticao. No entanto, praticamente inexistem na literatura estudos sobre os padroes de us e seus determinantes. Para conhece-los, realizou-se um estudo transversal com 354 criancas menores de dois anos em duas vilas de periferia urbana de Pelotas,RS.A maioria das criancas (795) usava chupeta, 15 por cento nunca as havia utilizado e 6 por cento jahavia abandonado o habito. Entre os usuarios, 38 por cento passavam a maior parte do tempo fazendo uso da chupeta. Para cerca de dois tercos das criancas, a chupeta foi oferecida no primeiro dia de vida. O uso de chupetas foi mais frequente entre criancas mais jovens, entre os filhos de maes com menos escolaridade e entre criancas nao amamentadas