Anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block plus buccal infiltration or periodontal ligament injections with articaine in patients with irreversible pulpitis in the mandibular first molar.

OBJECTIVE: We compared the anesthetic efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB) plus buccal infiltration (BI) and IANB plus periodontal ligament (PDL) articaine injections in patients with irreversible pulpitis in the mandibular first molar. STUDY DESIGN: Fifty-seven volunteers, patients with irreversible pulpitis in the mandibular first molar admitted to the Department of Stomatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, randomly received conventional IANB, containing 1.7 mL 4% articaine/HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine, plus either BI or PDL injections containing 0.4 mL articaine/HCl with 1:100,000 epinephrine. The patients recorded the pain of the injections and endodontic access on a Heft-Parker visual analog scale (VAS). RESULTS: According to the VAS scores, all patients experienced no or mild pain with BI and PDL injections after the application of IANB. Anesthetic success occurred in 81.48% for IANB plus BI (IANB/BI) compared with 83.33% for IANB plus PDL injection (IANB/PDL injection). None of the observed differences between the 2 groups was significant (P > .05). CONCLUSION: Both injection combinations resulted in high anesthetic success in patients with irreversible pulpitis in the mandibular first molar.

The investigation of electrospun polymer nanofibers as a solid-phase extraction sorbent for the determination of trazodone in human plasma.

A novel micro-extraction procedure was developed through the use of an electrospun polymer nanofiber as a solid-phase extraction (SPE) sorbent to directly extract trazodone from human plasma. The target compound was then monitored by a high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detector (HPLC-UV) system. Parameters of influencing the extraction efficiency, such as fiber diameter, fiber packing amount, eluted solvent, pH and ionic strength were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, a linear response for trazodone over the range of 20-2000 ng mL(-1) was achieved with a gamma(2) value of 0.9996. The precision of the method was examined with relative standard deviations of 5.7, 2.7, 2.2% corresponding to 50, 200, and 500 ng mL(-1), respectively, of trazodone spiked into 0.1 mL of plasma samples. The extraction recoveries of 58.3-75.2% and the relative recoveries of 94.6-105.5% were obtained. The limit of detection (LOD) was determined to be 8 ng mL(-1). A 15 min of HPLC gradient was successfully applied to determine trazodone from human plasma. Due to its simplicity, selectivity and sensitivity, the method may be applied to pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic studies of drugs.