Efficacy of a novel remotely-generated ultrasonic root canal irrigation system for removing biofilm-mimicking hydrogel from a simulated isthmus model.

AIM: To evaluate the efficacy of a novel ultrasonic irrigation device, remotely-generated irrigation with a non-invasive sound field enhancement (RINSE) system, in removing biofilm-mimicking hydrogel from a simulated isthmus model and compare it with sonically- and ultrasonically-activated irrigation systems. METHODOLOGY: A polycarbonate root canal model containing two standardized root canals (apical diameter of 0.20 mm, 4% taper, 18 mm long with a coronal reservoir) connected by three isthmuses (0.40 mm deep, 2 mm high, 4 mm long) was used as the test model. The isthmuses were filled with a hydroxyapatite powder-containing hydrogel. The canals were filled with irrigant, and the models were randomly assigned to the following activation groups (n = 15): EndoActivator (EA), ultrasonically activated irrigation (UAI), and RINSE system (RS). Syringe irrigation (SI) with a 30G needle served as the control. Standardized images of the isthmuses were taken before and after irrigation, and the amount of hydrogel removed was determined using image analysis software and compared across groups using anova (p < .05). RESULTS: Hydrogel removal was significantly higher with the RS (83.7%) than with UAI, EA, or SI (p ≤ .01). UAI (69.2%) removed significantly more hydrogel than SI and EA (p < .05), while there was no significant difference between SI (24.3%) and EA (25.7%) (p = .978). CONCLUSIONS: RINSE system resulted in the most hydrogel removal, performing better than UAI or EA. The effect of RS was also not reliant on the insert or tip entering the pulp chamber or root canal, making it particularly useful in conservative endodontics.

Development of a new universal adhesive containing CPNE7-derived peptide and its potential role in reducing postoperative sensitivity.

Post-operative sensitivity (POS) is the most common clinical dental complaint after tooth preparation and resin-based composite restoration. In our previous study, copine 7 (CPNE7) and CPNE7-derived peptide (CPNE7-DP) induced in vitro odontoblast differentiation and in vivo dentin formation. Here, we incorporated CPNE7-DP into All-Bond Universal (ABU) adhesive, developing ABU/CPNE7-DP. This study aimed to investigate the possibility of reducing POS using ABU/CPNE7-DP. We first determined the stability of CPNE7-DP under low pH. Furthermore, we evaluated its dentinal tubule penetration, in vitro odontogenic differentiation potential, in vivo tertiary dentin formation and its effects on bonding performance. CPNE7-DP was stable at pH 1.2, even lower than ABU's pH of 3.2. ABU/CPNE7-DP can penetrate dentinal tubules, stimulate odontoblast differentiation in vitro and generate tertiary dentin with tubular structure in vivo without interfering with bonding performance. Therefore, ABU/CPNE7-DP may serve as a novel bioactive adhesive for reducing POS.

Biocompatibility and osteogenic potential of mineral trioxide aggregate mixed with hydrophilic synthetic polymer: An in vitro and in vivo study.

This study aimed to investigate in vitro biologic properties of mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) mixed with 3% PVA (MTA-3% PVA) and in vivo dental pulp responses to direct capping in comparison with MTA mixed with distilled water (MTA-DW). Cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation in culture of human dental pulp cells (hDPCs), and pH changes were evaluated. Pulps in 24 mandibular premolars of four 9-month-old beagle dogs were mechanically exposed and direct pulp capping was performed. Histological specimens were scored according to the degree of mineralization. MTA-3% PVA showed similar cell proliferation and similar or superior osteogenic differentiation of hDPCs compared with MTA-DW. All specimens were associated with calcified bridge formation and there were no significant differences in mineralization scores between the groups (p>0.05). The results suggested that MTA-3% PVA exhibited favorable biocompatibility and osteogenic differentiation in vitro compared with MTA-DW. Furthermore, both groups demonstrated similar results when used as pulp-capping agents in vivo.

Root canal irrigation system using remotely generated high-power ultrasound.

Root canal treatment is performed to remove the bacteria proliferating in the root canals of a tooth. Many conventional root canal irrigation methods use an instrument inserted into the root canals. However, bacteria removal is often incomplete in the apical region of the root canal, and the treatment carries clinical risks, such as instrument fracture and extrusion of irrigation liquid through the canal apex. We here suggest a novel, remotely generated high-intensity ultrasound irrigation system that exhibits better irrigation performance and a reduced clinical risk. Our device employs powerful ultrasonic waves generated by a transducer placed outside a target tooth. The generated ultrasonic waves are guided to travel into the root canals. In the root canals of the target tooth, acoustic cavitation occurs, and vapor bubbles are created. The dynamic motions of vapor bubbles create remarkable cleaning effects. Using root canal models, we tested the cleaning performance of the proposed system and compared it with other conventional irrigation methods. The results revealed that biofilm in the apical region of the root canal models can be removed exclusively using the proposed system, thus demonstrating an improvement in cleaning performance. We also measured pressure at the apex of the root canals of an extracted tooth while operating the proposed system. Our system exhibited a smaller pressure compared to the syringe irrigation method, thus suggesting a reduced risk of apical extrusion of the irrigation liquid. Since the proposed system operates without inserting instruments into the root canal, it can clean multiple root canals in a tooth simultaneously with a single treatment. The proposed device would be a breakthrough in root canal treatment in terms of irrigation performance, clinical safety, and ease of treatment.