RESUMO
The purposes of this study were to elucidate the anatomic relationship between the dental roots and surrounding tissues and to identify the optimal sites at which to install dental surgical devices including immediate-implant fixtures and alveolar distractors. We made 5 types of measurements on horizontal cross sections obtained at 1-mm intervals from 20 Korean mandibles. The following results were obtained: (1) the mandibular facial plate was thinnest at the canine (0.5-0.7 mm) and became thicker toward the molar region; (2) the thicknesses of the facial and lingual cortical bone in the interdental region increased from anterior to posterior and from coronal to apical aspects; (3) in each section, the buccolingual root was narrower than 4 mm at depths greater than 8 and 9 mm in the central and lateral incisors, respectively, and the maximum mesiodistal root widths were 3.0 and 3.3 mm; (4) the interroot distance increased from anterior to posterior and from coronal to apical aspects; and (5) on the sections of the first and second molars, the diameter of the septal bone ranged from 4.2 to 7.9 mm buccolingually and from 1.3 to 3.3 mm mesiodistally. Achieving successful placements of implant fixtures and bone screws requires an accurate understanding of the anatomic structure at the installation site. The reported anatomic data might facilitate successful treatments and provide crucial information for use when planning and performing placements of dental surgical devices.
Assuntos
Processo Alveolar/anatomia & histologia , Processo Alveolar/cirurgia , Parafusos Ósseos , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Implantes Dentários , Mandíbula/anatomia & histologia , Mandíbula/cirurgia , Osteogênese por Distração/instrumentação , Adulto , Idoso , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Raiz Dentária/anatomia & histologia , Raiz Dentária/cirurgiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreaks occur in hospitals in many parts of the world. In hospital settings, the possibility of airborne transmission needs to be investigated thoroughly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: There was a nosocomial outbreak of COVID-19 in a hematologic ward in a tertiary hospital, Seoul, Korea. We found 11 patients and guardians with COVID-19 through vigorous contact tracing and closed-circuit television monitoring. We found one patient who probably had acquired COVID-19 through airborne-transmission. We performed airflow investigation with simulation software, whole-genome sequencing of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). RESULTS: Of the nine individuals with COVID-19 who had been in the hematologic ward, six stayed in one multi-patient room (Room 36), and other three stayed in different rooms (Room 1, 34, 35). Guardian in room 35 was close contact to cases in room 36, and patient in room 34 used the shared bathroom for teeth brushing 40 minutes after index used. Airflow simulation revealed that air was spread from the bathroom to the adjacent room 1 while patient in room 1 did not used the shared bathroom. Airflow was associated with poor ventilation in shared bathroom due to dysfunctioning air-exhaust, grill on the door of shared bathroom and the unintended negative pressure of adjacent room. CONCLUSION: Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 in the hematologic ward occurred rapidly in the multi-patient room and shared bathroom settings. In addition, there was a case of possible airborne transmission due to unexpected airflow.
RESUMO
We conducted a prospective cohort study at a community facility designated for the isolation of individuals with asymptomatic or mild COVID-19 between 10 January and 22 February 2021 to investigate the relationship of viral shedding with symptom changes of COVID-19. In total, 89 COVID-19 adult patients (12 asymptomatic, 16 presymptomatic, 61 symptomatic) were enrolled. Symptom scores, the genomic RNA and subgenomic RNA of SARS-CoV-2 from saliva samples with a cell culture were measured. Asymptomatic COVID-19 patients had a similar viral load to symptomatic patients during the early course of the disease, but exhibited a rapid decrease in viral load with the loss of infectivity. Subgenomic RNA and viable virus by cell culture in asymptomatic patients were detected only until 3 days after diagnosis, and the positivity of the subgenomic RNA and cell culture in symptomatic patients gradually decreased in both from 40% in the early disease course to 13% at 10 days and 4% at 8 days after the symptom onset, respectively. In conclusion, symptomatic patients have a high infectivity with high symptom scores during the early disease course and gradually lose infectivity depending on the symptom. Conversely, asymptomatic patients exhibit a rapid decrease in viral load with the loss of infectivity, despite a similar viral load during the early disease course.
Assuntos
Infecções Assintomáticas , COVID-19/virologia , SARS-CoV-2/fisiologia , Eliminação de Partículas Virais , Adulto , COVID-19/diagnóstico , COVID-19/fisiopatologia , Teste de Ácido Nucleico para COVID-19 , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Prospectivos , RNA Viral/análise , SARS-CoV-2/isolamento & purificação , Saliva/virologia , Carga ViralRESUMO
We report a 39-yr-old man with neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) in remission who developed left-sided ataxia with a sensory deficit about 10 days after tooth extraction. Several years ago, he experienced a similar episode of relapse after tooth extraction. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed a newly developed right thalamic lesion. In cerebrospinal fluid, lymphocyte-dominant pleocytosis and mild elevation of IgG were found. Immunologic factors may be important in the pathogenesis of NBD because of the time delay between tooth extraction and relapse. Careful observation and prevention are needed before dental procedures in patients with NBD.
Assuntos
Síndrome de Behçet/diagnóstico , Extração Dentária , Adulto , Síndrome de Behçet/tratamento farmacológico , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Imunoglobulina G/análise , Leucocitose/líquido cefalorraquidiano , Leucocitose/diagnóstico , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Masculino , Metilprednisolona/uso terapêutico , Fármacos Neuroprotetores/uso terapêutico , Cintilografia , RecidivaRESUMO
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) uses the spike (S) glycoprotein to recognize and enter target cells. In this study, we selected two epitope peptide sequences within the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the MERS-CoV S protein. We used a complex consisting of the epitope peptide of the MERS-CoV S protein and CpG-DNA encapsulated in liposome complex to immunize mice, and produced the monoclonal antibodies 506-2G10G5 and 492-1G10E4E2. The western blotting data showed that both monoclonal antibodies detected the S protein and immunoprecipitated the native form of the S protein. Indirect immunofluorescence and confocal analysis suggested strong reactivity of the antibodies towards the S protein of MERS-CoV virus infected Vero cells. Furthermore, the 506-2G10G5 monoclonal antibody significantly reduced plaque formation in MERS-CoV infected Vero cells compared to normal mouse IgG and 492-1G10E4E2. Thus, we successfully produced a monoclonal antibody directed against the RBD domain of the S protein which could be used in the development of diagnostics and therapeutic applications in the future. [BMB Reports 2019; 52(6): 397-402].
Assuntos
Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/imunologia , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/imunologia , Animais , Anticorpos Monoclonais/isolamento & purificação , Chlorocebus aethiops , Ilhas de CpG/imunologia , DNA , Epitopos/imunologia , Humanos , Lipossomos , Camundongos , Coronavírus da Síndrome Respiratória do Oriente Médio/patogenicidade , Peptídeos/imunologia , Ligação Proteica , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/metabolismo , Células VeroRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To assess computed tomography scans to evaluate the extent of reduction of fracture displacement and fracture gap after anterior odontoid screw fixation using the Herbert screw. METHODS: Thirty-seven odontoid fractures were reduced and treated by anterior odontoid screw fixation with the Herbert screw. There were 37 patients whose age ranged from 20 to 79 years. Three-dimensional computed tomography scans were obtained for all patients to assess the screw position, the presence of the penetration of superior cortex of dens, the extent of reduction of fracture displacement, and fracture gap. RESULTS: Mean fracture displacement was 2.6 ± 3.2 mm before surgery; after the operation this value was 1.0 ± 1.5 mm. The difference in fracture gap between the preoperative and the postoperative state was -0.1 ± 1.1 mm, which was not statistically significant (P = 0.667). We achieved cortical purchase in only 16 of 37 patients (43.2%); cortical purchase was not obtained in 21 patients (56.7%) due to the fear of the risk of the damage of neural and vascular structures. Of these 21 patients who had no penetration of the superior cortex of dens, widening of the fracture gap occurred in 12 patients (57%), no change in 6 patients (29%), and there was shortening in 3 patients (14%). However, of the 16 patients with penetration of apical dens tip, we achieved significant reduction of fracture gap (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: To maximize reduction of fracture gap using the Herbert screw, it is essential to penetrate the apical dens tip.
Assuntos
Parafusos Ósseos , Processo Odontoide/lesões , Processo Odontoide/cirurgia , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/diagnóstico por imagem , Fraturas da Coluna Vertebral/cirurgia , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Fixação Interna de Fraturas/instrumentação , Humanos , Imageamento Tridimensional , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Processo Odontoide/diagnóstico por imagem , Fatores Sexuais , Tempo para o Tratamento , Resultado do Tratamento , Adulto JovemRESUMO
A novel combinational drug delivery system, in which drug molecules could be dually encapsulated by soft (polymer) and hard (inorganic) vehicles has been successfully prepared via a simple one-pot synthesis; its improved chemotherapeutic efficacy has been verified through in vitro experiments.
Assuntos
Polímeros/química , Dióxido de Silício/química , Íons , Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura , Microscopia Eletrônica de TransmissãoRESUMO
Hantaviruses (family Bunyaviridae) are enveloped negative-sense tripartite RNA viruses. The natural hosts of hantaviruses include rodents, shrews, moles, and bats. Imjin virus (MJNV) is a shrew-borne hantavirus identified from the Ussuri white-toothed shrews (Crocidura lasiura) in the Republic of Korea (ROK) and China. We have isolated MJNV and determined its prevalence and molecular diversity in Gyeonggi province, ROK. However, the distribution and phylogeography of MJNV in other regions of ROK remain unknown. A total of 96 C. lasiura were captured from Gangwon and Gyeonggi provinces, ROK, during 2011-2014. Among them, four (4.2%) shrews were positive for anti-MJNV IgG and MJNV RNA was detected from nine (9.4%), respectively. Based on the prevalence of MJNV RNA, the preponderance of infected shrews was male and adult, consistent with the gender- and weight-specific prevalence of hantaviruses in other species. We monitored the viral load of MJNV RNA in various tissues of shrews, which would reflect the dynamic infectious status and circulation of MJNV in nature. Our phylogeographic and genomic characterization of MJNV suggested natural occurrences of recombination and reassortment in the virus population. Thus, these findings provide significant insights into the epidemiology, phylogeographic diversity, and dynamic circulation and evolution of shrew-borne hantaviruses.
Assuntos
Anticorpos Antivirais/sangue , Infecções por Hantavirus/veterinária , Orthohantavírus/genética , RNA Viral/genética , Vírus Reordenados/genética , Musaranhos/virologia , Animais , Evolução Biológica , Feminino , Orthohantavírus/classificação , Orthohantavírus/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Hantavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/imunologia , Infecções por Hantavirus/virologia , Imunoglobulina G/sangue , Masculino , Filogenia , Filogeografia , Prevalência , Vírus Reordenados/classificação , Vírus Reordenados/isolamento & purificação , Recombinação Genética , República da Coreia/epidemiologiaRESUMO
Many hospitals experience one or more retained surgical instrument events with risk of patient morbidity and medicolegal problems. Identification of retained surgical instrument is important. The radiologists should be familiar with imaging finding of retained surgical instrument. In a 62-year-old female with a retained plastic tube, localized peritoneal infiltration around air-containing tubular structure mimicked acute appendicitis on abdomen computed tomography (CT), one year after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. We reported CT findings of foreign body reaction related to retained Endoloop ligature plastic tube mimicking acute appendicitis.
Assuntos
Reação a Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico , Peritonite/diagnóstico , Plásticos/efeitos adversos , Tomografia Computadorizada por Raios X , Abdome/diagnóstico por imagem , Doença Aguda , Apendicite/diagnóstico , Apendicite/cirurgia , Erros de Diagnóstico , Feminino , Reação a Corpo Estranho/diagnóstico por imagem , Humanos , Laparoscopia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Peritonite/diagnóstico por imagem , Peritonite/etiologia , Plásticos/químicaRESUMO
Folic acid derivatives such as folinic acid and methotrexate (MTX) have been successfully hybridized with layered double hydroxide (LDH) by ion-exchange reaction. The X-ray diffraction patterns and spectroscopic analyses indicate that these molecules intercalated into the hydroxide interlayer space are stabilized in the tilted longitudinal monolayer mode by electrostatic interaction. No significant changes in their structural and functional properties are found in the hybrids. The cellular uptake test of MTX-LDH hybrid is carried out in the fibroblast (human tendon) and SaOS-2 cell line (Osteosarcoma, human) by in vitro MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl) 2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The initial proliferation of SaOS-2 cell is more strongly suppressed by treatment with MTX-LDH hybrid than with MTX alone. This study clearly shows that LDH not only plays a role as a biocompatible-delivery matrix for drugs but also facilitates a significant increase in the delivery efficiency.
Assuntos
Sistemas de Liberação de Medicamentos/métodos , Hidróxidos/química , Leucovorina/administração & dosagem , Leucovorina/química , Metotrexato/administração & dosagem , Metotrexato/química , Osteossarcoma/patologia , Absorção , Antineoplásicos/administração & dosagem , Antineoplásicos/química , Materiais Biocompatíveis/administração & dosagem , Materiais Biocompatíveis/química , Divisão Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral/patologia , Avaliação de Medicamentos , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/patologia , Ácido Fólico/administração & dosagem , Ácido Fólico/análogos & derivados , Ácido Fólico/química , Humanos , Substâncias Macromoleculares , Teste de Materiais , Conformação Molecular , Veículos Farmacêuticos/administração & dosagem , Veículos Farmacêuticos/químicaRESUMO
Whole-virus vaccines, including inactivated or live-attenuated influenza vaccines, have been conventionally developed and supported as a prophylaxis. These currently available virus-based influenza vaccines are widely used in the clinic, but the vaccine production takes a long time and a huge number of embryonated chicken eggs. To overcome the imperfection of egg-based influenza vaccines, epitope-based peptide vaccines have been studied as an alternative approach. Here, we formulated an efficacious peptide vaccine without carriers using phosphodiester CpG-DNA and a special liposome complex. Potential epitope peptides predicted from the hemagglutinin (HA) protein of the H5N1 A/Viet Nam/1203/2004 strain (NCBI database, AAW80717) were used to immunize mice along with phosphodiester CpG-DNA co-encapsulated in a phosphatidyl-ß-oleoyl-γ-palmitoyl ethanolamine (DOPE):cholesterol hemisuccinate (CHEMS) complex (Lipoplex(O)) without carriers. We identified a B cell epitope peptide (hH5N1 HA233 epitope, 14 amino acids) that can potently induce epitope-specific antibodies. Furthermore, immunization with a complex of the B cell epitope and Lipoplex(O) completely protects mice challenged with a lethal dose of recombinant H5N1 virus. These results suggest that our improved peptide vaccine technology can be promptly applied to vaccine development against pandemic influenza. Furthermore our results suggest that potent epitopes, which cannot be easily found using proteins or a virus as an antigen, can be screened when we use a complex of peptide epitopes and Lipoplex(O).