Effect of adrenaline and noradrenaline on biofilm formation and virulence factors of Streptococcus mutans UA159.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate in vitro the effects of adrenaline and noradrenaline on the biofilm formation on orthodontic brackets, acid production and expression of virulence genes of Streptococcus mutans UA159 (S. mutans). DESIGN: S. mutans UA159 biofilm was formed on orthodontic brackets under exposure to adrenaline (100 µM), noradrenaline (50 µM) or PBS solution (control group) in triptone-yeast extract with 1 % sucrose. After 24 h, biofilm formation was quantified through Colony Forming Units / mL (CFU/mL) and RNA was extracted to perform gene expression analysis through real-time reverse transcriptase-PCR (RT-qPCR). Evaluation of acid production was carried out on planktonic cultures for 6 h. One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test was carried to determine statistical difference. The level of significance was set at 5 %. RESULTS: Catecholamines stimulated biofilm formation of S. mutans in orthodontic brackets (p < 0,05) but did not interfere with acid production (pH reduction) or the expression of the tested genes related to biofilm formation (gtfB, gtfC, gbpA, gbpB, gbpC, gbpD and brpA), aciduric (relA) and acidogenic properties (ldh). CONCLUSIONS: The present study was the first to demonstrate that catecholamines can stimulate S. mutans UA159 biofilm formation. These findings can contribute to clarify the role of stress on bacterial metabolism and contribute to the understanding of a possible role on caries development, mainly in orthodontic patients.

Inter-relação entre doença periodontal, diabetes e obesidade / Inter-relationship between periodontal disease, diabetes and obesity

A doença periodontal caracteriza-se por uma patologia de origem infecto-inflamatória que leva à destruição dos tecidos de suporte do dente. Estudos comprovam que o diabetes influencia a instalação e progressão da doença periodontal. E, em contrapartida, a severidade da doença periodontal também pode afetar o controle metabólico do diabetes. Dentre os fatores de risco para o desenvolvimento do diabetes tipo II, destaca-se a obesidade. Indivíduos com índice de massa corporal elevado produzem um nível mais alto de proteínas inflamatórias que podem aumentar o risco de doenças periodontais. Adicionalmente, a infecção periodontal exacerba a resposta imune do hospedeiro, principalmente a resposta inata. O que pode levar à aceleração no desenvolvimento de complicações do diabetes como nefropatia e desordens macro vasculares. Este artigo apresenta uma revisão da literatura atual sobre a interrelaçãoda doença periodontal, diabetes e obesidade, bem como os mecanismos envolvidos nesta tríade. As possíveis evidências encontradas nesta relação devem ser consideradas, visto que diante de uma dessas patologias, o risco de desenvolvimento ou agravamento das demais envolvidas se torna maior, o que reforça a importância do papel dos profissionais de saúde no diagnóstico precoce, bem como nos tratamentos e prevenções

Periodontal disease is characterized by an infectious and/or inflammatory origin that leads to destruction of tissues supporting the tooth. Studies show that diabetes influences the on set and progression of periodontal disease. And in return, the severity of periodontal disease may also affect metabolic control of diabetes. Among the risk factors for developing type II diabetes, obesity stands out. Individuals with high body mass index produce a higher level of inflammatory proteins that may increase the risk of periodontal disease. In addition, periodontal infection exacerbates the host immune response, particularly the innate response and may lead to acceleration in the development of diabetes complications such as nephropathy and macrovascular disorders. This article presents a review of current literature on the interrelationship of periodontal disease, diabetes e obesity, and the mechanisms involved in this triad. The possible evidence in this regard should be considered, since before one of these diseases, the risk of developing or worsening of other involved becomes larger, which reinforces the importanceas well as the role of health professionals in their diagnoses, treatments and preventions