Novel co-delivery of oridonin and docetaxel nanoliposome for an enhanced antitumor effect on esophageal cancer.

INTRODUCTION: Esophageal cancer is one of the major cancers in China. Most patients with esophageal cancer are diagnosed at an advanced stage, and the 5 year survival rate is discouraging. Combined chemotherapy is a common method for the treatment of esophageal cancer. METHODS: In this study, distearoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine polyethylene glycol 2000 (DSPE-PEG2000) nanoliposomes (NLPs) encapsulating the anticancer drugs docetaxel (DOX) and oridonin (ORD) were prepared, and their ability to enhance the release of anticancer drugs was determined. The NLP system was characterized by transmission electron microscopy, particle size and encapsulation efficiency. In addition, the release characteristics and pharmacodynamics of these drugs were also studied in detail. RESULTS: When the DOX/ORD ratio was 2:1, the higher proportion of DOX led to a stronger synergy effect. DOX/ORD NLPs were prepared by the high-pressure homogenization method and had a uniform spherical morphology. The mean particle size and polydispersity index were determined to be 246.4 and 0.163, respectively. The stability results showed that no significant change was observed in particle size, zeta potential, Encapsulation efficiency and dynamic light scattering for DOX/ORD NLPs during the observation period. The results of in vitro release illustrated that the acidic environment of tumor might be beneficial to drug release. The three-dimensional tumorsphere showed that DOX/ORD NLPs can reach the interior of tumor spheres, which destroys the structure of cells, resulting in irregular spherical tumor spheres. The in vivo study results indicated that DOX/ORD NLPs had an obvious targeting effect on subcutaneous tumors and have the potential to actively deliver drugs to tumor tissues. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to detect apoptosis. The results showed that DOX/ORD NLP treatment could significantly induce apoptosis and inhibit tumor growth. CONCLUSION: The DOX/ORD NLPs prepared in this study can enhance the anti-tumor activity, and are expected to be a promising co-delivery platform for the treatment of esophageal cancer.

Layered Double Hydroxide-Based Micro "Chemical Factory" with Arsenic Processing and Screening Functions on Nitinol for Gallbladder Cancer Treatment.

Gallbladder cancer is a common malignant tumor of the biliary system with a high fatality rate. Nitinol (Ni-Ti) stents, a standard treatment for prolonging patients' lives, are susceptible to reocclusion and cannot inhibit tumor recurrence because they lack antitumor and antibacterial activity. Herein, an arsenic-loaded layered double-hydroxide film is constructed on Ni-Ti, forming a micro "chemical factory." The LDH plays the role of a "processer" which absorbs highly toxic trivalent arsenic (As(III)) and processes it into lowly toxic pentavalent arsenic (As(V)). It also acts as a "quality-inspector," confining As(III) in the interlayer and releasing only As(V) (the finished product) to the outside. This control mechanism minimizes the toxicity during contact with normal tissue. The acidic microenvironment and overexpression of glutathione in tumor tissues not only accelerates the release of arsenic from the platform but also triggers the in situ transformation of arsenic from lowly toxic As(V) to highly toxic As(III), exerting a strong arsenic-mediated antineoplastic effect. Such a microenvironment-responsive "chemical factory" with arsenic processing and screening functions is expected to prevent tumor overgrowth, metastasis, and bacterial infection and provide new insights into the design of Ni-Ti drug-eluting stents for gallbladder cancer treatment.

Top-Down Production of Sustainable and Scalable Hemicellulose Nanocrystals.

Polysaccharide nanocrystals have led to the development of multifunctional and sustainable materials, but most are glucose-based carbohydrates derived from valuable natural sources. Here, we present a top-down strategy that enables one, for the first time, to isolate xylose-based hemicellulose nanocrystals from available industrial biowastes. By leveraging the selective oxidation of alkaline periodate, as high as 34 wt % solid yield is accessible. The hemicellulose nanocrystals exhibit platelet-like shapes (10-20 nm thickness, 30-80 nm wide), crystalline features, and superior dispersibility in water. We also showcase their successful interface applications for one-dimensional (1D) carbon nanotube (CNT) nanoinks and two-dimensional (2D) transition-metal dichalcogenide (TMD) nanozymes, which are comparable to the traditional cellulose nanocrystals. The scalable, low-cost, and sustainable hemicellulose nanocrystals can be envisioned to provide an alternative for glucose-based polysaccharide nanocrystals, as well as hold promise for the high-value utilization of biowastes.

Constructing a Novel Xylan-Based Film with Flexibility, Transparency, and High Strength.

Xylan-based films have great potential to replace petroleum-based polymers used for packaging and coatings due to their excellent biocompatibility, biodegradability, and good gas barrier properties. However, fabricating a xylan-based film with flexible, transparent, water-proof, and excellent mechanical properties is an enormous challenge. Herein, we manufactured a series of degradable films with adjustable properties via solution-casting using a water-soluble xylan derivative. This is the first report of a pure xylan-based film with high performance, requiring no additives. The tensile strength of the xylan-based film could be controlled by adjusting the aldehyde content, which varied from 105.0 to 132.6 MPa. The smallest initial water contact angle of the xylan-based films is 93.26°, indicating that these films are hydrophobic. This work shows a simple and viable route toward manufacturing xylan-based films with high tensile strength, flexibility, and transparency, which can be used for packaging materials and coatings.

Structural Differences between the Lignin-Carbohydrate Complexes (LCCs) from 2- and 24-Month-Old Bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis).

The lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) was isolated from milled wood lignin of 2- and 24-month-old crude bamboo (Neosinocalamus affinis) culms using acetic acid (AcOH) and then characterized. The results have shown that the LCC preparation from 2-month-old bamboo (L2) exhibited a slightly lower molecular weight than the LCC preparation from the 24-month-old bamboo (L24). Further studies using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and heteronuclear single quantum coherence (2D-HSQC) NMR spectra analyses indicate that the LCC preparations included glucuronoarabinoxylan and G-S-H lignin-type with G>S>>H. The content of the S lignin units of LCC in the mature bamboo was always higher than in the young bamboo. Combined with sugar composition analysis, the contents of phenyl glycoside and ether linkages in the L24 preparation were higher than in the L2 preparation; however, there was a reverse relationship of ester LCC bonds in L2 and L24. Lignin-xylan was the main type of LCC linkage in bamboo LCCs. Lignin-lignin linkages in the LCC preparations included ß-ß, ß-5 and ß-1 carbon-to-carbon, as well as ß-O-4 ether linkages, but ß-1 linkages were not present in L2.

Cellulose-based thermoelectric composites: A review on mechanism, strategies and applications.

The ever-increasing demand for energy and environmental concerns have driven scientists to look for renewable and eco-friendly alternatives. Bio-based thermoelectric (TE) composite materials provide a promising solution to alleviate the global energy crisis due to their direct conversion of heat to electricity. Cellulose, the most abundant bio-polymer on earth with fascinating structure and desirable physicochemical properties, provides an excellent alternative matrix for TE materials. Here, recent studies on cellulose-based TE composites are comprehensively summarized. The fundamentals of TE materials, including TE effects, TE devices, and evaluation on conversion efficiency of TE materials are briefly introduced at the beginning. Then, the state-of-the-art methods for constructing cellulose-based TE composites in the forms of paper/film, aerogel, liquid, and hydrogel, are highlighted. TE performances of these composites are also compared. Following that, applications of cellulose-based TE composites in the fields of energy storage (e.g., supercapacitors) and sensing (e.g., self-powered sensors) are presented. Finally, opportunities and challenges that need investigation toward further development of cellulose-based TE composites are discussed.

NIR-triggered arsenic-loaded layered double hydroxide-based films for localized thermal synergistic chemotherapy.

Portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT) formed by cancer cell invasion is a major cause of high mortality in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the formation of thrombus will be accelerated by bacterial colonization on the surface of the implant after surgery. In this work, Polypyrrole-coated arsenic-loaded layered double hydroxide films were in situ constructed on the nickel-titanium alloy for the efficient killing of tumour cells by thermo-therapeutic synergistic chemotherapy. The good near-infrared photothermal conversion ability of polypyrrole enables the sample surface temperature to be raised to about 51 °C at a low photothermal power (0.5 w/cm2), while the elevated temperature could further accelerate the release of drug arsenic. In addition, when NIR light is not applied, the polypyrrole coating also cleverly acts as a "barrier layer" to reduce the natural release of arsenic in normal tissues to avoid toxicity issues. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that the platform exhibits excellent antitumor and antibacterial abilities. In contrast to the systemic toxicity issues associated with systemic circulation of nanotherapeutic drugs, this in situ functional film is expected to be used in localised interventions for precise drug delivery, and is also more suitable for surgical treatment scenarios in PVTT surgeries.

Selectively fractionate hemicelluloses with high molecular weight from poplar thermomechanical pulp by tetramethylammonium hydroxide.

Selective fractionation of hemicelluloses is of great significance for realizing high-value application of hemicelluloses and comprehensive utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. Tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) solvent has been confirmed as a promising solvent to selectively fractionate hemicelluloses from holocellulose. Herein, TMAH solvent was adopted to pretreat poplar thermomechanical pulp (PTMP) for the selective fractionation of hemicelluloses and enhancement of enzymatic hydrolysis performance of residues. The maximal hemicelluloses yield (65.0 %) and excellent cellulose retention rate (93.3 %) were achieved after pretreatment by the 25 wt% TMAH solvent, while the delignification was only 33.9 %. The hemicelluloses fractions could be selectively fractionated with high molecular weights (109,800-118,500 g/mol), the contents of Klason lignin in them were low (3.2-5.9 %), and the dominating structure of them was 4-O-methylglucurono-ß-D-xylan. Compared to the H2SO4 and NaOH methods, the hemicelluloses fractionated by TMAH method exhibited higher yields, more complete structures and higher molecular weights. Furthermore, the crystalline structure of cellulose practically remained stable, and the highest yield of enzymatic hydrolysis glucose was 57.5 %, which was 3.3 times of that of PTMP. The fractionation effectiveness of TMAH solvent was not significantly reduced after repeatedly recycling. This work demonstrated TMAH solvent could selectively fractionate hemicelluloses from PTMP and efficiently promote sustainable poplar-based biorefinery.

Mild pretreatment with Brønsted acidic deep eutectic solvents for fractionating ß-O-4 linkage-rich lignin with high sunscreen performance and evaluation of enzymatic saccharification synergism.

Herein, a mild fractionation method by employing polyol-based Brønsted acidic DESs (BDESs) was proposed to extract lignin with well-preserved ß-O-4 substructures and to enhance fermentable sugar yields simultaneously. For ethylene glycol-oxalic acid (EG-OA), more than 53 % of lignin was obtained and superb carbohydrate digestibility (i.e., glucose and xylose yields were reached to 94.6 % and 87.7 %, respectively) was achieved after pretreatment. Remarkably, detailed structural studies revealed that the polyol was incorporated into lignin, which stabilized reactive carbocation intermediates formed during BDESs treatment and prevented undesired recondensation reactions. This lignin protection mechanism was shown to play a key role in enzymatic hydrolysis enhancement and lignin valorization. The resultant ß-O-4 linkage-rich lignin fractions were attractive for natural sunscreen applications due to their lighter color and excellent UV-blocking performance. Overall, this work proposed a sustainable and economically practical lignin-first biorefinery approach that is beneficial for achieving comprehensive valorization of lignocellulose.

Insights into the contributions of hemicelluloses to assembly and mechanical properties of cellulose networks.

In order to explore the contributions of hemicelluloses to the assembly and mechanical properties of cellulose networks, the bacterial cellulose (BC) composites containing xylan and glucomannan were prepared to mimic the polysaccharides network of plant cell walls. Both polysaccharides could induce the change of diameters of cellulose ribbons and influence the crystallization of cellulose. Besides, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) demonstrated that xylan inhibited the assembly of microfibrils into cellulose ribbons, while glucomannan promoted the packing of microfibrils. The changes of cellulose crystalline structure and assembly pattern of cellulose contributed to the lower tensile strength and higher strain at break of the BC composites as compared with the BC. The results provide a profound insight into the structure-property relationships of cellulose networks affected by hemicelluloses, which could be conducive to the development of cellulose biomaterials.

Smart Implant with Bacteria Monitoring and Killing Ability for Orthopedic Applications.

Bacterial infections around implants constitute a significant cause of implant failures. Early recognition of bacterial adhesion is an essential factor in preventing implant infections. Therefore, an implant capable of detecting and disinfecting initial bacterial adhesion is required. This study reports on the development of an intelligent solution for this issue. We developed an implant integrated with a biosensor electrode based on alternating current (AC) impedance technology to monitor the early growth process of Escherichia coli (E. coli) and its elimination. The biosensor electrode was fabricated by coating polypyrrole (PPy) doped with sodium p-toluenesulfonate (TSONa) on titanium (Ti) surfaces. Monitoring the change in resistance using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), combined with an equivalent circuit model (ECM), enables the monitoring of the early adhesion of E. coli. The correlation with the classical optical density (OD) monitoring value reached 0.989. Subsequently, the eradication of bacteria on the electrode surface was achieved by applying different voltages to E. coli cultured on the electrode surface, which caused damage to E. coli. Furthermore, in vitro cellular experiments showed that the PPy coating has good biocompatibility and can promote bone differentiation.

Microencapsulated phase change material via Pickering emulsion based on xylan nanocrystal for thermoregulating application.

Phase change materials (PCM) are promising for thermal regulation and energy storage, but suffer from the deformation and leakage of capsules. Herein, inspired by cellulose nanocrystal (CNC), xylan nanocrystal (XNC) with a dimension of 25-60 nm was successfully prepared through oxalic acid hydrolysis of high-crystalline xylan as raw materials via a top-down approach. With the introduction of hydrophobic groups, compared to XNC, succinylated XNC showed more remarkable emulsifying property over 7 days of storage at room temperature. Microencapsulated PCM composite consisting of sodium alginate (SA) as "matrix" and succinylated xylan nanocrystal (XNC) stabilized paraffin-based Pickering capsule (PCM beads) as "core" was facilely fabricated. PCM composite with the latent heat of 105.59 J·g-1 showed excellent thermoregulating performance. Our work suggests a new pathway toward sustainability of hemicelluloses in the application of food emulsion and thermal energy management.

Complementary and Synergistic Design of Bi-Layered Double Hydroxides Modified Magnesium Alloy toward Multifunctional Orthopedic Implants.

Magnesium (Mg)-based alloys have been regarded as promising implants for future clinic orthopedics, however, how to endow them with good anti-corrosion and biofunctions still remains a great challenge, especially for complicated bone diseases. Herein, three transition metals (M = Mn, Fe, and Co)-containing layered double hydroxides (LDH) (LDH-Mn, LDH-Fe, and LDH-Co) with similar M content are prepared on Mg alloy via a novel two-step method, then systematic characterizations and comparisons are conducted in detail. Results showed that LDH-Mn exhibited the best corrosion resistance, LDH-Mn and LDH-Co possessed excellent photothermal and enzymatic activities, LDH-Fe revealed better cytocompatibility and antibacterial properties, while LDH-Co demonstrated high cytotoxicity. Based on these results, an optimized bilayer LDH coating enriched with Fe and Mn (LDH-MnFe) from top to bottom have been designed for further in vitro and in vivo analysis. The top Fe-riched layer provided biocompatibility and antibacterial properties, while the bottom Mn-riced layer provided excellent anti-corrosion, photothermal and enzymatic effects. In addition, the released Mg, Fe, and Mn ions have a positive influence on angiogenesis and osteogenesis. Thus, the LDH-MnFe showed complementary and synergistic effects on anti-corrosion and multibiofunctions (antibacteria, antitumor, and osteogenesis). The present work offers a novel multifunctional Mg-based implant for treating bone diseases.

Unveiling lignin structures and lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages of bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) fibers and parenchyma cells.

Bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) is an attractive biomass block to develop biorefining industry, however, less emphasis has been placed on elucidating the chemical linkage variations of lignin and LCC between different bamboo cell walls. Here, purified milled wood lignin (MWLp) and lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) were isolated from bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens) fibers (BF) and parenchyma cells (PC), respectively. The variations of structure features and chemical linkages of lignin and LCC were investigated via FT-IR, 2D HSQC NMR, and 31P NMR techniques. 2D HSQC NMR revealed that ß-O-4 alkyl-aryl ether linkages and resinol (ß-ß) substructure were the main substructures in BF-MWLp and PC-MWLp. ß-1 linkages existed in the PC-MWLp (3.18/100 Ar), but not in BF-MWLp. Moreover, tricin, as a flavonoid compound, was only detected in the BF-MWLp. The amount of the syringyl (S) units of PC-MWLp was higher than BF-MWLp. The results indicated that phenyl glycoside (PhGlc) bonds (mainly lignin and xylan) were the predominant chemical linkage type of LCC bonds in BF-LCC and PC-LCC, and the high contents of PhGlc bonds (45.53/100 Ar) were presented in PC. Our finding can provide a reference for the structural variations of lignin and LCC between the different bamboo cell walls.

Rapid and massive fractionation of hemicelluloses for purifying cellulose at room temperature by tetramethylammonium hydroxide.

The fractionation of hemicelluloses is a promising method to improve the comprehensive utilization of lignocellulosic biomass. However, the effective fractionation of hemicelluloses is always limited by the structural complexity and easy degradability. In this study, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH) was developed to fractionate hemicelluloses from poplar holocellulose with high molecular weights and high yields at room temperature. Approximately 90% of hemicelluloses could be dissolved at room temperature in 1 h, and the yield was up to 81.9%. Compared with the fractionation using NaOH solution, the hemicelluloses isolated by TMAH solvent showed a more complete structure and higher purity. Meanwhile, the retention rate of cellulose after treatment with TMAH was up to 90.2%, and the crystal structure of cellulose in the residues was practically unchanged. Moreover, the TMAH solvent could be recycled to fractionate hemicelluloses. The work provides an elegant and significantly efficient method towards hemicelluloses fractionation and cellulose purification.

Overexpression of a gibberellin 20-oxidase gene in poplar xylem led to an increase in the size of nanocellulose fibrils and improved paper properties.

Cellulose, the major component of secondary cell walls, is the most abundant renewable long-chain polymer on earth. Nanocellulose has become a prominent nano-reinforcement agent for polymer matrices in various industries. We report the generation of transgenic hybrid poplar overexpressing the Arabidopsis gibberellin 20-oxidase1 gene driven by a xylem-specific promoter to increase gibberellin (GA) biosynthesis in wood. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and sum frequency generation spectroscopic (SFG) analyses showed that cellulose in transgenic trees was less crystalline, but the crystal size was larger. The nanocellulose fibrils prepared from transgenic wood had an increased size compared to those from wild type. When such fibrils were used as a reinforcing agent in sheet paper preparation, the mechanical strength of the paper was significantly enhanced. Engineering the GA pathway can therefore affect nanocellulose properties, providing a new strategy for expanding nanocellulose applications.

Effects of some inhibitors on the growth and lipid accumulation of oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides and preparation of biodiesel by enzymatic transesterification of the lipid.

Microbial lipid produced using yeast fermentation with inexpensive carbon sources such as lignocellulosic hydrolyzate can be an alternative feedstock for biodiesel production. Several inhibitors that can be generated during acid hydrolysis of lignocellulose were added solely or together into the culture medium to study their individual inhibitory actions and their synergistic effects on the growth and lipid accumulation of oleaginous yeast Rhodosporidium toruloides. When the inhibitors were present in isolation in the medium, to obtain a high cell biomass accumulation, the concentrations of formic acid, acetic acid, furfural and vanillin should be lower than 2, 5, 0.5 and 1.5 g/L, respectively. However, the synergistic effects of these compounds could dramatically decrease the minimum critical inhibitory concentrations leading to significant growth and lipid production inhibitions. Unlike the above-cited inhibitors, sodium lignosulphonate had no negative influence on biomass accumulation when its concentration was in the range of 0.5-2.0 g/L; in effect, it was found to facilitate cell growth and sugar-to-lipid conversion. The fatty acid compositional profile of the yeast lipid was in the compositional range of various plant oils and animal tallow. Finally, the crude yeast lipid from bagasse hydrolyzate could be well converted into fatty acid methyl ester (FAME, biodiesel) by enzymatic transesterification in a tert-butanol system with biodiesel yield of 67.2% and lipid-to-biodiesel conversion of 88.4%.

[Construction and functional characterization of a monocistronic replicon based on the HCV genotype 2a promotor].

To construct a hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2a monocistronic replicon and investigate its replication capabilities in the human hepatocarcinoma cell lines, Huh7.5 and Huh7.1, in order to determine its potential as a molecular tool for future in vitro studies of HCV replication and selection studies for putative anti-HCV drugs. Site-directed mutagenesis was used to delete the Core-E1-E2-p7-NS2 fragment (about 3090 bp) from plasmid pJ6JFH1BlaRL. The resultant trianglepJ6JFH1BlaRL plasmid was digested with AgeI and AvrII to release the cDNA fragment (hereafter, referred to as fragment L) containing partial 5'-untranslated region (UTR), the first 12 amino acid (aa) of HCV Core coding sequence, full-length coding sequences for the blasticidin-resistance gene, Renilla luciferase, foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2a antiprotease and ubiquitin, and partial coding sequence for HCV NS3. To generate the monocistronic replicon, pSGRmJFH1BlaRL, fragment L was ligated into the pSGR-JFH1 vector that had been digested with AgeI and AvrII to remove the partial 5'-UTR, the first 19 aa of HCV Core coding sequence, the full-length coding sequence for the neomycin phosphotransferase II gene, the internal ribosomal entry site from encephalomyocarditis virus, and partial HCV NS3 coding sequence. A replication-defective mutant replicon, pSGRmJFH1BlaRL/GND, was constructed by a similar procedure using the pSGR-JFH1/GND vector. Fragment L was confirmed in both constructs by sequencing. Replicon RNAs were prepared from XbaI-linearized plasmid DNA templates with Invitrogen's T7 MEGAscript kit, and were purified by DNase I treatment and LiCl precipitation. RNAs were quanti?ed by optical density, and the quality and concentration were con?rmed by agarose gel electrophoresis. Replicon RNAs were transfected into Huh7.5 and Huh7.1 cells using Invitrogen's DMRIE-C transfection reagent at a ratio of 5 mug of lipid to 1mug of RNA. Time course assay of Renilla luciferase activity indicated the replicon's replication function. The pSGRmJFH1BlaRL monocistronic replicon and pSGRmJFH1BlaRL/GND replication-defective mutant replicon were successfully constructed. The pSGRmJFH1BlaRL replicon was replication-proficient in Huh7.5 and Huh7.1 cells, with replication peaking at 72 hours post-transfection and decreasing after 96 hours. No replication was detected at any time point post-transfection for the defective mutant replicon. A monocistronic replicon of HCV genotype 2a was constructed and shown to be replication-proficient in human hepatocarcinoma cell lines.

Effects of hydrothermal pretreatment on the dissolution and structural evolution of hemicelluloses and lignin: A review.

Exploration of lignocellulosic biomass provides a sustainable and eco-friendly route for producing liquid fuels, materials, and chemicals. However, direct utilization of lignocelluloses is limited by the stable and complicated cross-linking structure of the plant cell wall. Hydrothermal pretreatment (HTP) is a green and cost-effective technology because it can disrupt lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) linkages, dissolve hemicelluloses and lignin, and redistribute lignin in the cell wall layers without utilization of any chemicals. Thus, HTP is expected to achieve industrial scale in second-generation biorefineries and circular bioeconomies. This review analyzed the deconstruction of lignocelluloses by HTP, with particular emphasis on the formation mechanism of hemicellulose degradation products and the structural evolution of hemicelluloses and lignin accompanying HTP. Meanwhile, the formation mechanism of pseudolignin and its effect on the enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulose as well as strategies for inhibiting lignin recondensation were discussed.

Multifunctional hybrid hydrogel with transparency, conductivity, and self-adhesion for soft sensors using hemicellulose-decorated polypyrrole as a conductive matrix.

Polymers with high conductivity and cross-linking ability are ideal materials for the preparation of conductive hydrogels for application in wearable electronic devices. However, the fabrication of conductive polymer-incorporated hydrogels with good synergistic properties remains a great challenge due to the hydrophobicity and opacity of conjugated π conductive polymers. In this study, a multifunctional hybrid hydrogel was prepared by incorporating hemicellulose-decorated polypyrrole (H/PPY), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and tannic acid (TA) into a polyacrylamide (PAM) network. The addition of excess ammonium persulfate (APS) in the process of gelation not only initiated the polymerization of PAM but also resulted in the change of the hydrogel from opaque to transparent by continuously breaking and reducing the size of the PPY particles. The hybrid hydrogel exhibited high transparency and conductivity, good adhesion ability and mechanical performance, and high resistance strain sensitivity and could accurately monitor the strain signals of the index finger and elbow flexion and pulse beat during rest and exercise, which has promising potential for use in wearable or implantable smart sensor devices, electronic skins, and artificial intelligence applications.