Oral opening training increases oral opening in patients with oral submucous fibrosis. / å¼ å£è®­ç»ƒå¢žåŠ å£è ”é»è†œä¸‹çº¤ç»´æ€§å˜æ‚£è€ çš„å¼ å£åº¦.

OBJECTIVES: The mouth restriction of patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) seriously affects their eating food and the quality of life. There are few reports about improving the oral opening degree in patients with OSF. This study aims to explore the effect of oral opening training on the improvement of mouth opening limitation in patients with OSF treated with local injection. METHODS: A total of 220 outpatients with limited mouth opening of OSF were collected from the Center of Stomatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, and randomly divided into a control group and an experiment group (n=110). The control group were treated with local injection of Salvia miltiorrhiza and triamcinolone acetonide, once a week, and 8 times a course. The experimental group were treated with local injection combined with mouth opening training for 2 years. The degree of mouth opening was compared between the 2 groups at the end of local injection treatment, 1 year and 2 years after the treatment. The curative effect was evaluated according to the size of the opening, the lamellar structure of the mucosa, and the condition of the cords. RESULTS: A total of 197 patients completed the whole course of treatment, with 107 in the experimental group and 90 in the control group. At the end of treatment, 1 year and 2 years after the treatment, the degree of mouth opening in the experimental group was (36.14±2.62), (39.67±2.67), and (39.80±2.57) mm, respectively, which was significantly higher than that in the control group (24.71±1.97), (22.82±2.13), and (22.02±2.09) mm, respectively. The difference was significant (P<0.05). The increase of mouth opening in the experimental group was significantly better than that in the control group. Two years after local injection treatment, the effective rate of the experimental group was 97.1%, which was significantly higher than that of the control group (47.8%, P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Mouth opening training can significantly increase the degree of mouth opening in patients with OSF treated with local injection.

[Clinical analysis for oral mucosal disease in 21 972 cases].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the incidence and distribution of oral mucosal diseases in Hunan Province and provide reference for prevention and treatment.
 Methods: The clinical data for all patients, who were treated in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from April 2013 to March 2017, were collected. After screening, weighing and classifying, sex and age distribution for the disease was analyzed.
 Results: The female with the age between 40 to 49 were in the majority among 21 972 patients. The ratio between men to women was 1:1.05. According to the classification of diseases, the most common diseases were as follows: recurrent aphthous ulcer (27.17%), burning mouth syndrome (15.72%), oral submucous fibrosis (14.75%), oral lichen planus (10.38%), oral leukoplakia (4.21%), traumatic ulceration (4.14%), chronic cheilitis (3.47%), oral fungal infection (3.26%), and atrophic glossitis (2.74%). Recurrent oral ulcer (28.65%), burning mouth syndrome (23.70%) and oral lichen planus (13.31%) were the most common 3 kinds of oral mucosal diseases during females in Hunan. Oral submucous fibrosis was the most common oral mucosal disease among males in Hunan (28.56%).
 Conclusion: Recurrent oral ulcer, burning mouth syndrome and oral lichen planus are very popular in women in Hunan Province, and oral submucous fibrosis is the most common disease in male in this region. It shows a high trend of incidence in the surrounding provinces.

An efficient preparation process of sisal fibers via the specialized retting microorganisms: Based on the ideal combination of degumming-related enzymes for the effective removal of non-cellulosic macromolecules.

Bioaugmentation retting with the specialized pectinolytic and xylanolytic microorganisms can accelerate the removal of non-cellulosic macromolecules around plant fibers, thus shortening retting time and facilitating fiber quality. Currently, few specialized microorganisms have been explored for the retting of sisal fibers. The present study excavated the retting fungi including Aspergillus micronesiensis HD 3-6, Penicillium citrinum HD 3-12-3, and Cladosporium sp. HD 4-13 from the region-specific soil samples of planting sisal, and investigated their bioaugmentation retting effects on raw sisal leaves. Results showed that combination of the three fungi achieved the most excellent degumming efficiency (13.69 % of residual gum in sisal fibers) and the highest fiber yield (4.47 %). Furthermore, this fungi combination had the ideal enzymatic hydrolysis features with high activities of pectinase, xylanase and mannanase whereas a low activity of cellulase during the whole retting process, thus endowing the prepared sisal fibers with the lowest mass percentage of non-cellulosic macromolecules (9.76 wt%) and the highest cellulose content (89.23 wt%). SEM and FT-IR analysis further verified that the non-cellulosic substances around sisal fibers were efficiently removed. In summary, the consortia of the three fungi achieved ideal degumming-related enzymes for the removal of non-cellulosic macromolecules, thus acquiring the efficient preparation of sisal fibers.

Effect of nano-hydroxyapatite suspension on cell proliferation and cycle in human periodontal ligament cells.

The study was aimed to provide insights into the effect of nano-hydroxyapatite (nHA) suspension on cell proliferation and cycle of human periodontal ligament cells, offering the evidence for nHA being used in periodontal therapy. Human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) were cultured in different concentrations of nano-hydroxyapatite/sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (nHA-CMCNa) suspension in vitro. After that, cell proliferation ability was examined by MTT [3(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay and flow cytometry. MTT assay demonstrated that the Relative Proliferation Rate (RPR) of 0.5% nHA-CMCNa group was significantly higher than other groups (p <0.05), which means that nHA-CMCNa might increase cell proliferation ability. Flow cytometry showed that cells in G1 phase decreased, whilst cells in S phase increased after cultured in nHA-CMCNa suspension for 48 h. The result suggested that part of cells finished G1 phase in advance and get into S phase earlier, which speed up the cell proliferation, nHA-CMCNa suspension had great effect on cell proliferation. The high concentration of nHA-CMCNa could shorten the time in G1 phase, impel part of cells into S phase, and accelerate proliferation rate of HPDLCs.

5-aminolevulinic acid photodynamic therapy for extensive oral leukoplakia with concomitant oral submucous fibrosis: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis are potentially malignant disorders of the oral cavity, with high rates of recurrence and malignant transformation. Notably, the malignant transformation rate of oral leukoplakia with concomitant oral submucous fibrosis is significantly higher than that of oral submucous fibrosis or oral leukoplakia alone. However, the management of these conditions is not well defined. Photodynamic therapy is a minimally invasive treatment modality that effectively targets oral potentially malignant disorders, such as oral leukoplakia, erythroleucoplakia, and verrucous hyperplasia, with the advantages of being repeatable and leaving no scarring. CASE PRESENTATION: We report the case of a 42-year-old man with concomitant oral leukoplakia and oral submucous fibrosis almost involving the entire right buccal mucosa, who underwent six sessions of topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy. RESULTS: Photodynamic therapy successfully eradicated whitish plaques and improved mouth opening without any adverse effects. Although photodynamic therapy failed to completely reverse the pathological changes, grading of epithelial dysplasia did not progress and clinical recurrence was not found during the 10-month follow-up. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, topical 5-aminolevulinic acid-mediated photodynamic therapy appears safe and has excellent clinical efficacy against oral leukoplakia-concomitant oral submucous fibrosis, but long-term follow-up is necessary.

[Relationship between the chronic periodontitis and the depression anxiety psychological factor].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between the chronic periodontitis (CP) and the depression-anxiety psychological factors. METHODS: Thirty-one patients and 29 age, gender-matched volunteers were enrolled for this study. In order to assess the depression-anxiety psychological index, the subjects filled the questionnaire regarding the demographic and socioeconomic information, the oral hygiene habit, the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Self Rating Anxiety Scale(ASA). Calculus index (CI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), furcation involvement (FI) and tooth mobility were assessed at 6 sites per tooth of all erupted teeth by a manual periodontal probe. The data were analyzed by the analysis of variance, χ(2) test, and multivariable logistic step wise analysis via the software of SPSS 15.0. RESULTS: The mean CAL of the control group was 0.46 ± 0.16,the mean CAL of the moderate, high, and severe CP group was 2.84 ± 0.12, 3.51 ± 0.34, and 4.71 ± 0.51, respectively, which is significant difference between each other (P<0.01). The depression index of the volunteers, the moderate CP, the high CP, and the severe CP was 30.52 ± 3.73, 35.83 ± 7.76, 37.25 ± 6.16, 37.82 ± 5.94, respectively. The anxiety index among the 4 groups was 26.69 ± 3.55, 37.67 ± 6.31, 32.87 ± 5.54, and 35.94 ± 6.30, respectively. The depression and anxiety indexes of the periodontitis groups were higher than those of the control (P<0.01) while there was no significant difference among the 3 CP groups (P>0.05). The multivariate logistic analysis of the relationship between CP and the depression-anxiety psychological factors showed that the depression psychological factor was B=2.301,OR=9.988 while the optimistic coping style was B=-5.174,OR=0.006 in the equation of the regression. CONCLUSION: The depression psychological factor was related to the progression of CP. In addition, the optimistic coping style could prevent the progression of the CP.

[Therapeutic effect of the combination of traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on patients with oral submucous fibrosis].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the therapeutic effect of salvia miltiorrhiza and prednisolone on patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSF). METHODS: A total of 60 medium-term OSF patients and 60 advanced stage OSF patients were randomly divided into the first group (treated with both salvia miltiorrhiza and prednisolone) and the second group (treated with prednisolone alone). The clinical effect was compared between each group after 3-month treatment. RESULTS: Difference was found in the lesion area of the medium-term cases and the advanced stage cases of the first group before the treatment [(10.37+/-3.40) cm2, (19.60+/-3.27) cm2] and after the treatment [(5.90+/-4.10) cm2, (16.33+/-4.02) cm2] (P<0.05). Significant difference was found in the mouth opening before the treatment [(3.41+/-0.77) cm, (1.98+/-0.39) cm] and after the treatment [(3.87+/-0.67) cm, (2.26+/-0.46) cm] (P<0.05) in the first group. There was significant difference in the lesion area and mouth opening of the medium-term cases of the second group before the treatment [(10.87+/-3.18) cm2, (3.57+/-0.75) cm] and after the treatment [(6.70+/-3.75) cm2, (3.97+/-0.69) cm] (P<0.05). No difference in the lesion area and mouth opening of the advanced stage cases of the second group was found (P>0.05). There was difference in the therapeutic efficacy between the first group (70%) and the second group (16.67%) of the advanced stage cases (P<0.05), but not in the clinical effect between the 2 groups of the medium-term cases (P>0.05). The side effect of prednisolone could be reduced while used together with salvia miltiorrhiza. CONCLUSION: There is obvious advantage in treating OSF by the combination of salvia miltiorrhiza and prednisolone.

A case-control study on etiological factors involved in patients with burning mouth syndrome.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate and analyze the risk factors for burning mouth syndrome (BMS). METHODS: Eighty-seven consecutive patients with BMS and a randomly selected control group (n = 82) were comprehensively investigated with a self-designed questionnaire, Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS) and Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). A complete blood count and serum sex hormone were also examined in patients with BMS and control subjects. All the data obtained were transferred to a data bank and analyzed statistically in SPSS 11.5 for windows. RESULTS: No statistical difference between the BMS group and the control group was found in blood analyses including white blood cell count, red blood cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count. Among the menopausal or postmenopausal women with BMS, the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) level was significantly higher, but the estradiol level was significantly lower. The BMS group reported adverse life events more frequently than the control group. Patients with BMS significantly exhibited symptoms of somatization, and both the scores of anxiety, depression in patients with BMS were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). A regression equation which included six variables had been established by using logistic regression analysis, indicating that the habit of tongue thrusting, lip sucking, periodontitis, smoking, outcome of recent medication, depression were the principal risk factors, among which tongue thrusting was the most significant. CONCLUSION: Our study indicated that BMS may be of psychological origin, and the measures such as refraining from oral parafunctional activities, removing local irritating factors, stopping smoking, good mental health status could help in the prevention of BMS.

[Effects of astragalus polysaccharides-chitosan/polylactic acid scaffolds and bone marrow stem cells on repairing supra-alveolar periodontal defects in dogs].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the effect of astragalus polysaccharides-chitosan/polylactic acid (AP-C/PLA) scaffolds and bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) on periodontal regeneration of experimentally horizontal periodontal defects in dogs. METHODS: Dog BMSCs were isolated from the bone marrow and then cultured in a conditioned medium to be induced for osteogenesis. The expressions of Type I collagen and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) were examined by immunohistochemistry and histochemistry in the induced BMSCs, respectively. The BMSCs were harvested and implanted with astragalus polysaccharides-chitosan/polylactic acid (AP-C/PLA) and chitosan/polylactic acid (C/PLA) scaffolds. Horizontal alveolar bone defects (5 mm depth, 2 mm width) were produced surgically in the buccal side of the mandibular premolar 3 and 4 of the 10 dogs. The defects were randomly repaired with a cell-scaffold construction (10 teeth per group): root planning only (surgical control), AP-C/PLA with a conditioned medium (medium control), C/PLA with BMSCs (scaffolds control), and AP-C/PLA with BMSCs (experimental group) . The dogs were killed at 4 weeks and 8 weeks after the surgery, and block sections of the defects were collected for the histologic and histometric analysis. RESULTS: BMSCs induced in vitro exhibited an osteogenic phenotype with expressing Type I collagen and ALP histologically. The bone nodule structure was observed in the experimental group 4 weeks postsurgically. The engineered bone became more mature,similar to the native bone 8 weeks postsurgically. The amount of new bone regeneration and the rate of new bone filling to the defect height of the experimental group were significantly different from those of the surgical control, medium control, and scaffolds control [(2.90+/-0.41) mm vs (0.83+/-0.30) mm, (1.46+/-0.55) mm, (2.67+/-0.26) mm; 57.46% vs 15.68 %, 30.13%, 51.87%)] (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Astragalus polysaccharides can promote the new bone formation on the periodontal defects. The technology of tissue engineering with AP-C/PLA scaffolds and induced BMSCs may contribute to the periodontal regeneration.

[Effects of astragalus polysaccharides-chitosan/polylactic acid composite material on biological behavior of canine bone marrow stromal cells cultured in vitro].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the biological behavior of canine bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) cultured in vitro with the astragalus polysaccharides-chitosan/polylactic acid (AP-C/PLA) and with the chitosan/polylactic acid (C/PLA) and to find a suitable compound material for periodontal tissue engineering. METHODS: BMSCs (induced 14 days by 50 mg/L vitamine C, 10(-8) mol/L dexamethasone, 10 mmol/L beta-sodium glycerylphosphate) were cultured on AP-C/PLA or C/PLA for 5 days respectively. The BMSCs attachment and the morphology were observed with scanning electronic microscope and the combining rates were counted. Type I collagen synthesis was examined with immunohistochemistry staining and the content of osteocalin was determined with radio-immunological method. RESULTS: Combining rates, type I collagen synthesis, and the content of osteocalin of BMSCs on AP-C/PLA were significantly higher than those on C/PLA. CONCLUSION: AP-C/PLA may promote the BMSC proliferation, differentiation and extracellular matrix synthesis, and it can be used as a good scaffold material for bone tissue engineering.

[Exploring the relationship between secreted frizzled-related protein 1 and chronic periodontitis].

OBJECTIVE: This study detects the expression of secreted frizzled-related protein 1 (SFRP1) in healthy patients and patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) and explores the relationship between SFRP1 and the occurrence and development of CP. METHODS: First, 28 patients forming the CP group were further divided into mild, moderate, and severe CP subgroups according to clinical attachment loss (CAL) data. Ten healthy volunteers were recruited in the control group. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was collected from all of the patients, and the concentration of SFRP1 in the GCF samples was detected using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Next, gingival lesions were obtained from 22 patients in the CP group and healthy gingival tissues were obtained from the 10 healthy patients in the control group. Immunohistochemical analysis for SFRP1 was used to analyze the correlation between the expression of SFRP1 and the severity of CP based on staining intensities. RESULTS: The concentration of SFRP1 in GCF samples taken from of the CP group (281.07 ng x L(-1) +/- 33.37 ng x L(-1)) was significantly higher than that in samples taken from the control group (245.30 ng x L(-1) +/- 35.69 ng x L(-1)) (P < 0.05). A significant positive correlation was observed between the concentration of SFRP1 in GCF and CAL (r = 0.651, P < 0.001). Furthermore, the SFRP1 scores in the CP groups (4.500 +/- 0.913) were significantly higher than those in the control group (2.800 +/- 1.135) (P < 0.001). SFRP1 scores did not vary significantly among the CP subgroups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: SFRP1 expression in the CP groups was significantly higher than that in the control group. Thus, SFRP1 may play a significant role in the development of CP.

[Clinical study on the relationship between tooth abrasion and the habits of chewing betel nut].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between tooth abrasion and long-term chewing betel nut. METHODS: The time, frequency, clinical features of occlusal abrasion, and results of pantomography were studied in 64 patients with the habits of chewing betel nut. RESULTS: The occlusal surfaces of all patients had abrasion from mild to severe. The longer the chewing time, the more severe the occlusal abrasion (P < 0.01). The occlusal abrasion became more severe with the increase in chewing frequency (P < 0.01). The severe abrasion was accompanied with periapical periodontitis and the resorption of alveolar bone. CONCLUSION: Long-term chewing betel nut can result in the abrasion of occlusal surface.