Modified Micromarsupialization as Treatment of Ranula in a Pediatric Patient.

Ranulas are mucoceles located on the floor of the mouth. The main form of treatment for these lesions is surgical excision, but this can lead to complications such as hemorrhage, recurrence of the lesion, and damage to the lingual nerve. Thus, other therapeutic modalities are indicated, such as modified micromarsupialization, which is a simple technique and not associated with recurrences, and without the need of a new intervention in the postoperative period. An 11-year-old female child, nonwhite, presented with bubble-shaped lesion located on floor of the mouth, on the left side, with exophytic growth, sessile base, bluish coloration, measuring about 4.0 cm in diameter, showing well-defined limits, well-delimited contours and borders, smooth surface, and softened consistency. Under the diagnostic hypothesis of the ranula, a modified micromarsupialization was performed. After 90 days of observation, complete regression and repair of the lesion were observed, without recurrence. Modified micromarsupialization is a simple therapeutic modality, low cost, and well-tolerated by the patient, mainly the pediatric one, being considered very effective in the treatment of lesions of difficult clinical management, as the ranula.

Clinical and histopathological study of the oral multifocal melanoacanthoma: A case report.

Melanoacanthoma is a blackened mucocutaneous lesion, mainly affecting individuals with dark skin and exhibiting rapid development. Differential diagnosis includes nevus, amalgam tattoo and melanoma. This article reports a case of a 53-year-old white woman, who exhibited multiple blackened lesions on the gingiva and upper lip. After incisional biopsy, the presence of numerous melanin-containing dendritic cells distributed throughout the epithelial thickness, which were S-100 (+), were observed microscopically. Final diagnosis was multifocal oral melanoacanthoma. Follow-up for 28 months has shown appearing of more lesions in gingiva and upper lip. Therefore, the importance of differential diagnosis of oral melanoma with the group of oral pigmented lesions, and possible associated systemic diseases were evaluated. Key words:Melanocytes, pigmentation, oral mucosa, gingiva, differential diagnosis.

Antimicrobial activity of limonene: integrative review / Actividad antimicrobiana del limoneno: revisión integrativa

Limonene is the main component of citrus essential oils, and can reach a concentration of up to 96%. Popularly known for its potential therapeutic effects on the body, among these we point out its broad antimicrobial activity against various types of pathogens. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to address the antimicrobial and antifungal properties of limonene compared to microorganisms of interest in dentistry, based on a bibliometric study and literature review. The following databases were analyzed: PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO and Science Direct, from which ten articles published between 2011-2021 were selected. Most of results indicate a satisfactory antimicrobial potential, besides providing important data and perspectives regarding the indication and clinical use, in addition to innovative therapeutic modalities for diseases that affect the oral cavity, such as tooth decay, periodontal disease and candidosis.

El limoneno es el componente principal de los aceites esenciales cítricos, y puede alcanzar una concentración de hasta el 96%. Popularmente conocido por sus potenciales efectos terapéuticos en el organismo, entre ellos se destacan su amplia actividad antimicrobiana frente a diversos tipos de patógenos. Por lo tanto, el objetivo de este estudio fue abordar las propiedades antimicrobianas y antifúngicas del limoneno en comparación con microorganismos de interés en la odontología, a partir de un estudio bibliométrico y una revisión bibliográfica. Se analizaron las siguientes bases de datos: PubMed, Google Scholar, SciELO y Science Direct, de las cuales se seleccionaron diez artículos publicados entre 2011-2021. La mayoría de los resultados indican un potencial antimicrobiano satisfactorio, además de proporcionar datos y perspectivas importantes con respecto a la indicación y el uso clínico, así como modalidades terapéuticas innovadoras para enfermedades que afectan la cavidad oral, como caries, enfermedad periodontal y candidosis.

Antibacterial activity against cariogenic bacteria and cytotoxic and genotoxic potential of Anacardium occidentale L. and Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Brenan extracts.

OBJECTIVES: The present study aimed to assess the antibacterial activity against bacteria with cariogenic relevance, toxic and genotoxic potential of the plants Anacardium occidentale L. and Anadenanthera macrocarpa (Benth.) Bernam. DESIGN: Using a microdilution technique, the extracts were submitted to minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing against Streptococcus mitis (ATCC 903), Streptococcus mutans (ATCC 25175), Streptococcus oralis (ATCC 10557), Streptococcus salivarius (ATCC 7073), Streptococcus sanguinis (ATCC 15300) and Streptococcus sobrinus (ATCC 27609). The toxicity of the extracts was then verified against eukaryotic cells. Additionally, a micronucleus assay was performed to investigate the potential mutagenic effects of the extracts on rat erythrocytes. The Student's t-test, Bonferroni test, and one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's tests were used for statistical analysis, at a significance level of 5%. RESULTS: While the A. occidentale extract was able to inhibit all of the tested strains, with S. mutans and S. mitis being the most susceptible to that extract́s action, the A. macrocarpa did not show antimicrobial activity. Interestingly, the hemolytic, oxidant and antioxidant activities were slightly observed for either extract, even at high concentrations (1000mg/mL). The micronucleus assay showed no significant changes in the cells exposed to the extracts. CONCLUSION: The A. occidentale extract has potential as an antimicrobial agent with low eukaryotic cell toxicity or mutagenic activity. The A. macrocarpa extract, although absent of antibacterial activity might as well be a safe and effective phytotherapeutic alternative.

Ethnobotanical knowledge of herbalists about medicinal plants from the semiarid region in northeastern Brazil / Conocimiento etnobotánico de herbolarios sobre plantas medicinales de la región semiárida del noreste de Brasil

Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times to treat illnesses. This study aimed to identify through questionnaire the medicinal plants most frequently sold on public and street markets in some municipalities of Paraíba state, northeastern Brazil, and the knowledge of herbalists about their therapeutic indications and forms of use. The sample consisted of 28 herbalists. Fifteen plants with a dental indication were identified, including barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens), aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva), gengibre (Zingiber officinale), romã (Punica granatum), cajueiro-roxo (Anacardium occidentale), mulungu (Erythrina velutina) and quixaba (Sideroxylon obtusfolium), as well as 21 plants used for the treatment of general diseases, including barbatimão (S. adstringens), aroeira (M. urundeuva), cajueiro-roxo (A. occidentale), quixaba (S. obtusfolium), boldo (Peumus boldus) and erva doce (Pimpinella anisum). Bottled preparations ("garrafadas")and teas were the most frequently indicated forms of use. The results suggest that herbalists have a vast traditional knowledge of the therapeutic potential of commercialized plants.

Las plantas medicinales se han utilizado desde la antigüedad para tratar enfermedades. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo identificar a través de cuestionario las plantas medicinales más vendidas en mercados públicos y callejeros en algunos municipios del estado de Paraíba, noreste de Brasil, y el conocimiento de los herbolarios sobre sus indicaciones terapéuticas y formas de uso. La muestra estuvo formada por 28 herbolarios. Se identificaron quince plantas con indicación dental, entre las que se encuentran barbatimão (Stryphnodendron adstringens), aroeira (Myracrodruon urundeuva), jenjibre (Zingiber officinale), romã (Punica granatum), cajueiro-roxo (Anacardium occidentale), mulungu (Erythrina velutina) y quixaba (Sideroxylon obtusfolium), así como 21 plantas utilizadas para el tratamiento de enfermedades generales, incluidas barbatimão (S. adstringens), aroeira (M. urundeuva), cajueiro-roxo (A. occidentale), quixaba (S. obtusfolium), boldo (Peumus boldus) y erva doce (Pimpinella anisum). Las preparaciones embotelladas ("garrafadas") y los tés fueron las formas de uso más frecuentemente indicadas. Los resultados sugieren que los herbolarios tienen un vasto conocimiento tradicional del potencial terapéutico de las plantas comercializadas.

Screwed and cement implant prosthesis: current clinical considerations / Prótese sobre implante cimentada e parafusada: considerações clínicas atuais

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is no consensus as to which cemented or screwed retention system is best to avoid bone loss around the implant from a fixed implant-supported restoration. Objective: To evaluate the prosthesis retention systems on screw and cemented implants, regarding: bone loss, survival and failure rate, biological complications and microbiological analysis. Methods: A search was made for scientific articles that contemplated the subject through the databases Pubmed and SciELO, without period restriction. The titles, abstracts and then access to the full text has been verified. Results: It was found that excess cement may play an important role in the development of peri-implant disease. Technical failures are most seen in prosthesis retained by screws, and biological complications in cemented crowns. The success rate for both restraint systems is high, and retention-independent implant prosthesis treatment provides predictability. Conclusion: The appropriate retention system for the patient depends on several factors, including indication, advantages and disadvantages, retention provided, aesthetics and clinical performance.

RESUMO Introdução: Não há consenso sobre qual sistema de retenção, cimentado ou parafusado, é o melhor para evitar perda óssea ao redor do implante de uma restauração fixa implanto-suportada. Objetivo: Avaliar os sistemas de retenção de próteses sobre implantes parafusadas e cimentadas, quanto aos fatores: perda óssea, taxa de sobrevivência e de falhas, complicações biológicas e análises microbiológicas. Métodos: Foi realizada uma busca por artigos científicos que contemplassem o tema através das bases de dados Pubmed e SciELO, sem restrição de período. Os títulos, resumos e em seguida o acesso ao texto completo foi verificado. Resultados: Foi observado que o excesso de cimento pode desempenhar um papel importante no desenvolvimento da doença peri-implantar. Falhas técnicas são mais observadas em próteses retidas por parafusos e complicações biológicas em coroas cimentadas. A taxa de sucesso para os dois sistemas de retenção é alta e o tratamento com próteses sobre implantes independente da retenção oferece previsibilidade ao caso. Conclusão: O sistema de retenção apropriado para o paciente depende de diversos fatores, incluindo a indicação, vantagens e desvantagens, retenção fornecida, estética e desempenho clínico.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among patients with diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2.

BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes mellitus have been associated with a number of changes in the oral cavity, such as gingivitis, periodontitis, mucosal diseases, salivary dysfunction, altered taste, and burning mouth. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study between August and October 2012 with a convenience sampling was performed for 51 patients with diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2). The study consisted of two phases: 1) a questionnaire application; 2) intraoral clinical examination. For the analysis of data, we used descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test in bivariate analysis (significance level of 0.05), and Poisson Regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of oral lesions was 78.4%. Traumatic ulcers (16.4%) and actinic cheilitis (12.7%) were the most prevalent lesions. The lips (35.3%) and tongue (23.5%) were the most common location. The bivariate analysis showed an association with the type of diabetes, and two variables (age and comorbidity) were quite close to the significance level. In the Poisson Regression analysis, only diabetes type 2 remained significant after adjusting the model. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show a high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in diabetic patients. The oral mucosal lesions are mostly associated with diabetes type 2.

Análise e caracterização do panorama da distribuição de Cirurgiões-Dentistas no Brasil / Analysis and characterization of the dentist's distribution overview in Brazil / Análisis y caracterización del panorama de la distribución de odontólogos en Brasil

Dentre a categoria odontológica, Cirurgiões-Dentistas (CDs) são os únicos profissionais que tem atribuição exclusiva de prestar assistência clínica direta ao público de forma independente, apresentando um papel importante na Odontologia. O objetivo deste trabalho é caracterizar o panorama da distribuição de CDs no Brasil, considerando-a entre estes profissionais em si e entre a população brasileira, apresentando considerações sobre o perfil profissional e mercadológico dos CDs. O trabalho consiste em um levantamento de dados acerca dos números de CDs no Brasil e do número de habitantes da população brasileira. Os dados mostram que existem 309.088 CDs em exercício no Brasil, os quais concentram-se principalmente nos estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro e Paraná. Em nível nacional, há 1CD para 617,1 habitantes.Dentre os estados, Distrito Federal, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro e Paraná apresentam os menores valores proporcionais. As regiões brasileiras Sudeste e Sul concentram os maiores percentuais de CDs do país, enquanto o Norte possui o menor percentual. Paralelamente, Sudeste e Centro-Oeste apresentam as menores proporções de CD/habitantes, enquanto o Nordeste apresenta a maior razão dessa distribuição. Os resultados apontam o atual perfil de distribuição profissional e mercadológica de CDs no Brasil, evidenciando disparidades entre as diferentes localidades do país, podendo assim representar um indicador importante acerca do planejamento mercadológico para os CDs, bem como fornecer reflexões acerca da discrepância entre a quantidade de CDs e o quadro de saúde bucal ainda presente no país(AU)

Among the dental category, dentists are the only professionals that have exclusive attribution of providing direct clinical assistance to the public independently, presenting an important prominence in Dentistry. The aim of this paper is to characterize the dentists' distribution overview in Brazil, considering it among these professionals in them and among the Brazilian population, presenting considerations in the job market. The paper consists of a survey of data about the numbers of dentists in Brazil and the number of inhabitants of the Brazilian population. The data show that there are 309.088 practicing dentists in Brazil, which are mainly concentrated in the states of São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro and Paraná. At the national level, there is 1 dentist for 617,1 inhabitants. Among the states, the Federal District, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Rio de Janeiro and Paraná present the lowest proportional values. The Brazilian regions Southeast and South concentrate the largest percentage of dentists in the country, while the North has the lowest percentage. At the same time, the Southeast and Center-West have the lowest proportions of dentists/inhabitants, while the Northeast has the highest ratio of this distribution. The results show the current profile and job market of these professionals in Brazil, evidencing disparities between the different localities in the country, thus being able to represent an important indicator about market planning for dentists, as well as to provide reflections on the discrepancy between the quantity of dentists and the oral health situation still present in the country(AU)

Entre la categoría odontológica, los odontólogos son los únicos profesionales que tienen atribución exclusiva de prestar asistencia clínica directa al público de forma independiente, presentando un papel importante en la Odontología. El objetivo de este trabajo es caracterizar el panorama de la distribución de odontólogos en Brasil, considerándola entre estos profesionales en sí y entre la población brasileña, presentando consideraciones sobre el perfil profesional y mercadológico de los mismos. El trabajo consiste en un levantamiento de datos sobre los números de odontólogos en Brasil y del número de habitantes de la población brasileña. Los datos muestran que existen 309.088 odontólogos en ejercicio en Brasil, los cuales se concentran principalmente en los estados de São Paulo, Minas Gerais, Río de Janeiro y Paraná. A nivel nacional, hay 1 odontólogo para 617,1 habitantes. En los estados, Distrito Federal, São Paulo, Santa Catarina, Río de Janeiro y Paraná presentan los menores valores proporcionales. Las regiones brasileñas Sudeste y Sur concentran los mayores porcentuales de odontólogos del país, mientras que el Norte tiene el menor porcentaje. Paralelamente, Sudeste y Centro-Oeste presentan las menores proporciones de odontólogos/habitantes, mientras que el Nordeste presenta la mayor razón de esa distribución. Los resultados apuntan al actual perfil de distribución profesional y mercadológica de odontólogos en Brasil, evidenciando disparidades entre las diferentes localidades del país, pudiendo así representar un indicador importante acerca del planeamiento mercadológico, así como proporcionar reflexiones acerca de la discrepancia entre la cantidad de profesionales y el cuadro de salud bucal todavía presente en el país(AU)

In vitro Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Potential of Salvia officinalis L. against Oral Pathogens / Avaliação in vitro do Potencial Antimicrobiano da Salvia officinalis L. Frente a Patógenos Orais

The emergence of multidrug-resistant strains to antibiotics has motivated the search for new substances with antimicrobial activity, especially those derived from medicinal plants. Salvia officinalis L. is a medicinal plant that arouses scientific interest due to being associated with multiple therapeutic effects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antimicrobial potential of S. officinalis L. against pathogens in the oral cavity. The antimicrobial potential of the ethanol extract of leaf of S. officinalis L was evaluated by broth microdilution, with determination of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimum bactericidal/Fungicide concentration (MBC / MFC), against the species Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida guillermond, Candida krusei and Candida tropicalis. The extract showed moderate antifungal potential before Candida species (MIC = 1 mg/mL). And for the species of Streptococcus, the antimicrobial activity was from moderate to strong whose MIC ranged from 0.25 to 1 mg/mL. In this study, the extract from the leaves of S. officinalis L. presented oral cavity antimicrobial activity against pathogens. These results point to S. officinalis as a possible source of active ingredients in the development of formulations with antimicrobial activity of dental use. (AU).

O surgimento de cepas multirresistentes a antibióticos tem motivado a busca de novas substâncias com atividade antimicrobiana, especialmente aquelas oriundas de plantas medicinais. A Salvia officinalis L. é uma planta medicinal que desperta interesse científico por estar associada a múltiplos efeitos terapêuticos. O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar o potencial antimicrobiano in vitro da S. officinalis L. frente a patógenos da cavidade bucal. O potencial antimicrobiano do extrato etanólico da folha da S. officinalis L foi avaliado por meio da microdiluição em caldo, com determinação da Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida/Fungicida Mínima (CBM/CFM), frente as espécies Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus mitis, Streptococcus oralis, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguis, Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida guillermond, Candida krusei e Candida tropicalis. O extrato apresentou moderado potencial antifúngico frente às espécies de Candida (CIM = 1 mg/mL). Para as espécies de Streptococcus, o potencial antimicrobiano foi considerado forte a moderado, com valores de CIM variando entre 0,25 a 1 mg/mL. Neste estudo, o extrato da folha de S. officinalis L. apresentou potencial antimicrobiano contra patógenos da cavidade bucal. Esses resultados apontam a S. officinalis como uma possível fonte de princípios ativos no desenvolvimento de formulações com atividade antimicrobiana de uso odontológico. (AU).

Punica granatum Linn. prevention of oral candidiasis in patients undergoing anticancer treatment / Punica granatum Linn. na prevenção da candídiase oral em pacientes que se submetem a tratamento antineoplásico

Introduction: Oral candidiasis is considered one of the complications of antineoplastic therapy of head and neck. Studies show that herbal medicine has proven to be a promising alternative for the treatment of candidiasis. Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of the gel Punica granatum Linn. in the prevention of oral candidiasis in patients undergoing radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy for squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck, and adverse effects associated with its use. Material and method: It was performed a clinical trial, double blind, in the period 2012-2013, with patients seen at a referral hospital for cancer treatment. The sample consisted of 17 patients who did not have signs nor symptoms of oral candidiasis. These patients were divided into two groups: experimental (n=11): composed of patients who used the gel Punica granatum Linn. 6.25% since the beginning of the anticancer treatment and completed a week after the end of the treatment regimen; control (n=6): for patients who used the gel Miconazol 2%, following the same guidelines of the previous group. Data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics, the chi-square test and calculation of continuing Yates correction (p<0.05). Result: There was no oral candidiasis in 63.6% of patients in the experimental group and in none of the control group patients. Conclusion: Most patients who used the experimental gel showed no clinical signs of fungal infection, and there was no association of adverse effects.

Introdução: A candidíase oral é considerada uma das complicações da terapia antineoplásica de cabeça e pescoço. Estudos revelam que a fitoterapia vem se mostrando uma alternativa promissora para o tratamento da candidíase. Objetivo: Avaliar a efetividade do gel de Punica granatum Linn. na prevenção da candidíase oral, em pacientes submetidos à radioterapia associada ou não a quimioterapia para tratamento de carcinoma de células escamosas na região de cabeça e pescoço, e efeitos adversos associados ao seu uso. Material e método: Foi realizado um ensaio clínico, duplo cego, no período de 2012 a 2013, com pacientes atendidos em um Hospital de referência para tratamento oncológico. A amostra foi composta por 17 pacientes que não apresentavam os sinais e sintomas de candidíase oral, os quais foram divididos em dois grupos: experimental (n=11): composto por pacientes que utilizaram o gel de Punica granatum Linn. 6,25%, desde o inicio do tratamento antineoplásico e concluído uma semana após o término do esquema terapêutico; controle (n=6): por pacientes que utilizaram o gel de Miconazol 2%, seguindo as mesmas orientações do grupo anterior. Os dados foram tabulados e analisados por meio da estatística descritiva e usado os testes Qui-quadrado e Cálculo da Correção Continuada de Yates (p<0,05). Resultado: Não se observou a candidíase oral em 63,6% dos pacientes do grupo experimental, e em nenhum paciente do grupo controle. Conclusão: A maioria dos pacientes que fizeram uso do gel experimental não apresentaram os sinais clínicos da infecção fúngica, e não houve a associação de efeitos adversos.

Antimicrobial and Anti-Adherent in vitro Activity of Tannins Isolated from Anacardium occidentale Linn. (Cashew) on Dental Biolfilm Bacteria

Objective:To evaluate the antimicrobial and ant-adherent in vitro activity of tannins isolated from Anacardium occidentale Linn. (Cashew) on dental biofilm bacteria. Material and Methods:Streptococcus mutans ATCC 25175, Streptococcus mitis ATCC 903, Streptococcus sanguis ATCC 15300, Streptococcus oralis ATCC 10557, Streptococcus salivarius ATCC 7073 and Lactobacillus casei ATCC 9595 samples were used in this study. The tests were performed by the solid medium dilution method to determine the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). The Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Adherence (MICA) of bacteria to glass was determined in the presence of 5% sucrose. As a positive control, 0.12% chlorhexidine gluconate was used. The substances were tested at concentrations of 1:1 (pure solution) up to 1:512. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the SPSS software,version 15.0. Results:Tannins isolated from Anacardium occidentale Linn. (cashew) formed inhibition halos ranging from 11 to 17 mm in diameter and were capable of inhibiting the growth of bacteria tested at concentrations of 1:4 (S mutans), 1:16 (S mitis), 1:8 (Ssanguis), 1:4 (S oralis), 1:8 (S salivarius) and 1:2 (L casei). The tannin solution was effective in inhibiting the adherence of microorganisms to glass, and its effect on Streptococcus sanguis (1:512) and Lactobacillus casei (1:512) stood out, showing ant-adherent effect at all concentrations tested. Conclusion:Tannin isolates produced in vitro antimicrobial and ant-adherent activity on dental biofilm-forming bacteria and can be considered as an alternative treatment in infectious processes in clinical dentistry

Avaliação do grau de higiene bucal e condição periodontal de escolares

Objetivo: avaliar a prevalência e a severidade da gengivite em escolares com higiene bucal deficiente, na faixa etária de 9 a 12 anos, e sua relação com possíveis fatores de risco locais. Sujeitos e método: foi realizado um estudo descritivo de corte transversal para avaliar as condições gengivais em escolares de duas escolas da rede pública de ensino, sendo a amostra composta por 36 escolares. Os índices aplicados foram: Índice de Higiene Oral Simplificado (IHO-S), Índice de Sangramento à Sondagem e Índice de Placa. O nível socioeconômico foi determinado pela classe socioeconômica a que pertencia a família. Os dados foram registrados no software SPSS para Windows®, versão 20.0, e analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial. Na análise bivariada, utilizou-se teste t de Student e a Análise de Variância (ANOVA). Resultados: foi observada uma prevalência de 100% de gengivite em todos os escolares, sendo a forma leve (97,2%) a mais frequente, havendo uma correlação positiva entre o IHO-S e o número de superfícies sangrantes. Conclusão: os escolares apresentaram elevada prevalência de gengivite na forma leve, relacionada à higiene bucal deficiente, o que evidencia a necessidade de realização de atividades preventivas que motivem a prática diária de higiene bucal efetiva.

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the retromolar region: report of a clinical case / Carcinoma mucoepidermoide em região retromolar: descrição de um caso clínico

Although the number of reported cases is low, mucoepidermoid carcinoma is the most common malignant salivary gland neoplasm in the oral cavity. Its etiology is unknown. Clinically, it is described as a painful or painless swelling most often seen in the palate. Due to its great biological diversity, treatment and prognosis depend on the histological grade, location, and tumor stage. The objective of the present study was to describe a clinical case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma in a Brown female patient aged 45 years. Intraoral physical examination revealed a 1.0 cm diameter, bluish bubble with clear boundaries in the left retromolar region. The bubble had been there for roughly four months. An excisional biopsy was performed to confirm the clinical diagnosis of mucocele. Yellowish mucous leaked during the excision. The anatomical-pathological result was mucoepidermoid carcinoma, after which the patient was referred to a head and neck surgeon. Hence, we emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and proper management of this disease. Even when its clinical appearance is not suggestive of malignancy, mucoepidermoid carcinoma diagnosis should be considered in cases of proliferative oral lesions.

Embora apresente uma casuística baixa, o Carcinoma Mucoepidermoide é a neoplasia maligna de glândula salivar mais observada na cavidade oral. Possui etiopatogenia desconhecida e, clinicamente, apresenta-se como tumefação sintomática ou não, sendo o palato, o sítio de predileção. Em decorrência da sua grande diversidade biológica, o tratamento e prognóstico dependem do grau histológico, da localização e do estágio clínico do tumor. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo descrever um caso clínico de carcinoma mucoepidermoide de uma paciente do gênero feminino, 45 anos de idade, feoderma. O exame físico intraoral evidenciou, em região retromolar esquerda, bolha de limites nítidos, medindo cerca de 1,0 cm de diâmetro, coloração azulada, presente há aproximadamente quatro meses. Diante do diagnóstico clínico de mucocele, foi realizada a biopsia excisional; durante a execução da mesma, observou-se extravasamento de muco amarelado. Após o resultado anatomopatológico de carcinoma mucoepiderrmoide, a paciente foi encaminhada ao cirurgião de cabeça e pescoço. Desta forma, enfatiza-se a importância do diagnóstico precoce e correto manejo desta patologia, que, mesmo quando sua aparência clínica não sugerir malignidade, deve ser considerada como hipótese diagnóstica em lesões proliferativas da boca.

Prevalence of oral mucosal lesions among patients with diabetes mellitus types 1 and 2

BACKGROUND: Patients with diabetes mellitus have been associated with a number of changes in the oral cavity, such as gingivitis, periodontitis, mucosal diseases, salivary dysfunction, altered taste, and burning mouth. OBJECTIVES: To determine the prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in patients with diabetes mellitus. METHODS: A cross-sectional observational study between August and October 2012 with a convenience sampling was performed for 51 patients with diabetes mellitus (type 1 and type 2). The study consisted of two phases: 1) a questionnaire application; 2) intraoral clinical examination. For the analysis of data, we used descriptive statistics, Fisher's exact test in bivariate analysis (significance level of 0.05), and Poisson Regression. RESULTS: The prevalence of oral lesions was 78.4%. Traumatic ulcers (16.4%) and actinic cheilitis (12.7%) were the most prevalent lesions. The lips (35.3%) and tongue (23.5%) were the most common location. The bivariate analysis showed an association with the type of diabetes, and two variables (age and comorbidity) were quite close to the significance level. In the Poisson Regression analysis, only diabetes type 2 remained significant after adjusting the model. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study show a high prevalence of oral mucosal lesions in diabetic patients. The oral mucosal lesions are mostly associated with diabetes type 2. .

A randomized, controlled clinical trial on the clinical and microbiological efficacy of punica granatum linn mouthwash

To evaluate the clinical efficacy of a mouthwash containing Punica granatumL as compared to 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate on the control of dental biofilm and gingival inflammation.Material and Methods:A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial was carried out comprising a sample of 35 students aged nine to twelve years having Simplified Oral Hygiene Index value equal to or higher than 1.6, with at least 20 teeth. The sample was divided into two groups: group A, administration of 0.12% chlorhexidine mouthwash twice a day for 14 days; and group B, administration of Punica granatum mouthwash (6.25%) following the same protocol described above. The Plaque Index (PI) and Bleeding on Probing Index (BPI) were used to evaluate biofilm control and gingival inflammation on days 0, 7 and 14. Counting of oral streptococci from saliva samples was also performed on days 0 and 14. The data were analyzed using Student‟s t test and Analysis of Variance (ANOVA).Results:The findings showed that P. granatum mouthwash reduced the mean values of PI and BPI, but with no significant difference. However, there was a significant reduction in the counting of oral streptococci. In the control group, all variables were found to be significantly reduced.Conclusion:Punica granatum mouthwash was not effective for the control of dental biofilm and gingival inflammation, but it was effective in reducing the counting of oral streptococci...

[In vitro antimicrobial, antiadherent and antifungal activity of Brazilian medicinal plants on oral biofilm microorganisms and strains of the genus Candida]. / Atividade antimicrobiana, antiaderente e antifúngica in vitro de plantas medicinais brasileiras sobre microrganismos do biofilme dental e cepas do gênero Candida.

The antimicrobial, antifungal and antiadherent activity of aroeira-do-sertão, mallow and guava tree on oral biofilm microorganisms and oral candidiasis was evaluated in vitro. The extracts were shown to be effective in inhibiting the growth of bacteria of the oral biofilm and fungi of oral candidiasis, thus suggesting that these extracts can be used as alternative means of dental therapy.

Aspectos demográficos e manifestações clínicas bucais de pacientes soropositivos para o HIV/Aids / Demographic and clinical manifestations of oral in patients seropositive for HIV /SIDA

Introdução: As lesões bucais e peribucais são comuns nos pacientes infectados pelo vírus HIV e podem representar os primeiros sinais da doença, antes mesmo das manifestações sistêmicas. Objetivo: Este estudo objetivou estimar a prevalência de manifestações bucais em indivíduos soropositivos para o HIV, considerando aspectos sociodemográficos, imunológicos e terapêuticos. Material e Método: Foi realizado um estudo de natureza clínico-epidemiológica transversal, entre outubro de 2007 e abril de 2008, com amostra composta por 40 pacientes. Utilizou-se a técnica de observação direta intensiva por meio de exame clínico apropriado. Os dados foram registrados em fichas pré-elaboradas e analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Resultado: Verificou-se a prevalência do gênero feminino (52,5%), na faixa etária de 40 a 49 anos (45%). O tratamento com antirretrovirais foi constatado em 85,0% dos casos, sendo todos com terapia de alta potência (HAART). Observou-se que 52,5% dos pacientes apresentaram a contagem de linfócitos TCD4+ acima de 500cél/mm³ e 50,0% apresentaram carga viral indetectável. A prevalência das manifestações bucais foi 42,5%, sendo a mais expressiva a candidose pseudomembranosa (19,23%), seguida da periodontite úlcero-necrosante (15,38%), da leucoplasia pilosa (11,54%) e da queilite angular (11,54%). Não foi verificada associação entre manifestações bucais e carga viral (p=0,1268), nem com o número de células T CD4 (p=0,3458). Conclusão: A prevalência de algumas manifestações bucais associadas à infecção pelo HIV ainda é alta, sendo a candidose pseudomembranosa a infecção mais prevalente, principalmente entre pessoas com baixo nível ...

Introduction: The oral and perioral lesions are common in patients infected with HIV, and may represent the first signs of the disease, even before the systemic manifestations. Objective : This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of oral manifestations in HIV seropositive individuals, considering the aspects socio-demographic, immunological and therapeutic. Material and Method: Was performed nature study clinical-epidemiological transverse, between October 2007 to April 2008, with a sample of 40 patients. Was used the technique of intensive direct observation through appropriate clinical exam. Data were recorded on data sheets pre-prepared and analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. Result: There was a prevalence of females (52.5%), aged 40-49 years (45%). Treatment with antiretroviral drugs was found in 85.0% of cases, all being with high power therapy (HAART). It was observed that 52.5% of patients had a TCD4+ lymphocyte count above 500cél/mm ³ and 50.0% had an undetectable viral load. The prevalence of oral manifestations was 42.5%, the most significant for pseudomembranous candidiasis (19.23%), followed necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis (15.38%), hairy leukoplakia (11.54%) and angular cheilitis (11.54%). No association was observed between oral lesions and viral load (p=0.1268) nor the TCD4 cell count (p=0.3458). Conclusion: Prevalence of some oral manifestations associated with HIV infection is still high, with pseudomembranous candidiasis infection more prevalent, mainly among people with low education levels and longer HIV infection, independent of the therapy and immune status of the patient. .

Analgesia durante o tratamento ortodôntico com o uso do laser de baixa intensidade: revisão sistemática / Analgesia during orthodontic treatment with low intensity laser: systematic review

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: A dor é um sintoma clínico característico em estágios iniciais do tratamento ortodôntico. O objetivo deste estudo foi rever na literatura o uso da terapia a laser de baixa intensidade na redução da dor durante o tratamento ortodôntico. CONTEÚDO: Uma busca de títulos, resumos e artigos foram realizadas nas bases de dados Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Library, LILACS e Scielo. Três pesquisadores realizaram de forma independente uma busca utilizando critérios de inclusão e exclusão definidos. Foram incluídos oito ensaios clínicos, sendo que seis deles verificaram redução significativa da dor após uso do laser terapêutico. CONCLUSÃO: Existe evidência científica de que o uso do laser de baixa intensidade diminui a sintomatologia dolorosa após colocação de elásticos ortodônticos e após realização de ajustes ortodônticos durante a movimentação dentária. O seu uso por profissionais da área é uma alternativa viável por apresentar menos efeitos colaterais em relação a analgésicos anti-inflamatórios, sendo bem indicado a pacientes alérgicos, crianças e pacientes com comprometimento sistêmico. No entanto, há a necessidade de investigações científicas adicionais que utilizem protocolos bem definidos.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Pain is a typical symptom during early orthodontic treatment. This study aimed at reviewing the literature on the use of low intensity laser to relieve pain during orthodontic treatment. CONTENTS: Titles, summaries and articles were searched in the following databases: Pubmed/Medline, Cochrane Library, LILACS and Scielo. Three researchers have independently searched using defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eight clinical trials were included and six have observed significant pain relief after therapeutic laser. CONCLUSION: There are scientific evidences that low intensity laser decreases pain symptoms during dental movements after the placement of orthodontic elastics and after orthodontic adjustments. Its use by dentists is a feasible alternative for inducing less adverse effects as compared to anti-inflammatory analgesics, being indicated for allergic patients, children and patients with systemic impairment. However, there is the need for further scientific investigations using well-defined protocols.

Fatores sociodemográficos e condições de saúde bucal em droga-fependentes / Sociodemographic factors and oral health conditions in drug users

Objetivo: Identificar clinicamente e por meio de questionário anamnésico, as condições de saúde bucal em indivíduos, causadas pelo uso de drogas e suas relações com fatores sociodemográficos. Método: O estudo foi do tipo descritivo transversal, com abordagem pelo método indutivo, sendo a amostra composta de 70 pacientes que buscaram atendimento no CAPS-ad (Centro de atenção psicossocial - álcool e outras drogas). Os dados foram coletados de forma sistemática por uma única examinadora previamente calibrada, através de exame clínico e aplicação de formulário específico para identificação e classificação de prováveis alterações. Resultados: Os resultados encontrados mostraram que a idade média dos pacientes pesquisados foi de 40,44 anos; o gênero masculino (90%) foi predominante na amostra; mais da metade dos pacientes eram da raça branca (57,1); o nível de escolaridade encontrado nos mesmos é baixo; as drogas mais consumidas pelos mesmos foram respectivamente o álcool (68,6%), maconha(17,1%), cocaína(7,1%), crack (4,3%) e fármacos psicotrópicos (2,8%); a maioria dos dependentes apresentou saúde bucal deficiente; eram dependentes químicos há mais de cinco anos; a deficiência na saúde bucal pode estar associada ao descaso com a higiene corporal provocado pelo uso abusivo de drogas. Observou-se ainda que quanto maior o período de dependência mais precária a saúde bucal do usuário (p= 0,002) e que a precariedade da saúde bucal dos mesmos, está relacionada aos seus hábitos de higiene bucal (p=0,029). Conclusão: Observou-se a necessidade da inserção do profissional de odontologia nos projetos de recuperação oferecidos a estes pacientes, para a realização de programas de promoção e de recuperação da saúde bucal melhorando assim, a qualidade de vida desses pacientes.

Objective: To identify clinically and by using an anamnestic questionnaire the oral health conditions of drug users and their relations with social and demographic factors. Methods: This investigation was a descriptive cross-sectional study with an inductive approach. The sample consisted of 70 patients who sought treatment at CAPS-ad (Psychosocial Attention Center - alcohol and other drugs). The data were systematically collected by a previously calibrated single examiner, by clinical examination and application of a specific form for the identification and classification of eventual alterations. Results: The collected data revealed that the patients had a mean age of 40.44 years; there was predominance of males (90%); more than half the patients were Caucasian (57.1); the educational level was low; the most consumed drugs were, respectively, alcohol (68.6%), marijuana (17.1%), cocaine (7.1%), crack (4.3%) and psychotropic drugs (2.8%); most drug users presented poor oral health; they were drug addicts for over 5 years; the poor oral health could associated with general negligence with personal hygiene due to the abusive drug use. Additionally, it was observed that the longer the drug-addition, the poorer the oral health (p= 0.002) and that their poor oral health was related to their oral hygiene habits (p=0.029). Conclusion: The study pointed to the need of including dental professionals in the rehabilitation programs offered to these patients for developing oral health promotion and recovery programs that can improve their quality of life.