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AIM: This qualitative study sought to assess the influence of cultural factors and family on oral health behaviour of 12- to 15-year-old adolescents from the socially disadvantaged population. DESIGN: A qualitative design was developed with focus group discussions (FGDs) among 12- to 15-year-old adolescents. Four focus groups (n = 32 participants) were created from a selected sample to capture oral health beliefs and practices, oral health-seeking behaviour along with other relevant information. Focus group discussions were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and translated. Data were analysed thematically and structural coding was applied. RESULTS: Three key themes that emerged from FGDs were importance of oral health; role of family in oral health behaviour; and beliefs influencing access, prevention and treatment of oral diseases. Cultural background, family values and beliefs were imperative in moulding the behaviour of adolescents towards oral health. The use of traditional oral hygiene aides was a norm in this population. CONCLUSIONS: Findings of the study provide greater insights into the authoritative role of family and cultural barriers in the uptake of dental services. The study also highlights the potential value of qualitative research and emphasizes the need to integrate oral health-associated cultural beliefs and attitudes of the adolescents towards a wider evidence base.
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AIM: To evaluate the systematic reviews assessing the effectiveness of any type of school-based oral health programs in children and adolescents. METHODOLOGY: A two-staged search strategy comprising electronic databases and registries based on systematic reviews was employed to evaluate the effectiveness of school-based interventions. The quality assessment of the systematic reviews was carried out using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2) tool. The Corrected Covered Area was used to evaluate the degree of overlap. RESULTS: Nine reviews were included in this umbrella review. The Critical Covered Area reported moderate overlap (5.70%) among the primary studies. The assessment of risk of bias revealed one study with a high level confidence; one with moderate whereas all other studies with critically low confidence. Inconclusive evidence related to improvements in dental caries and gingival status was reported whereas, plaque status improved in a major proportion of the reviews. Knowledge, attitude, and behavior significantly increased in students receiving educational interventions when compared to those receiving usual care. CONCLUSIONS: The evidence points to the positive impact of these interventions in behavioral changes and clinical outcomes only on a short term basis. There is a need for long-term follow-up studies to substantiate the outcomes of these interventions.
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OBJECTIVE: This systematic review was conducted to explore the factors influencing access to oral health services and to identify and examine the strategies to improve the access. MATERIALS AND METHODS: PubMed, Scopus and Embase databases were searched. Studies except editorials reported in English regardless of the study design were included. Risk of Bias assessment was carried out using Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Newcastle Ottawa Scale and The Joanna Briggs Institute tool for cross-sectional, case-control and cohort and qualitative studies, respectively. RESULTS: In total, 11,372 records were initially identified, eventually leading to 12 relevant publications to be included in the review. Individuals valued oral health but found it difficult to access oral health services. Dental care was mainly accessed during emergencies and participants felt apprehensive in visiting dentists. Caregiver's and dentist's perspective was also reported. CONCLUSION: There is a need for provision of education, training and increasing awareness on dental hygiene and annual dental checkups to improve access.
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Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Humanos , Pessoas com Deficiência , Assistência Odontológica , Assistência Odontológica para a Pessoa com Deficiência , Saúde BucalRESUMO
AIM: To systematically review the evidence from published literature about the impact of war on oral health among children and adults. METHODOLOGY: The electronic search was carried out in the following databases Pubmed, Cochrane, Scopus, Embase, Google Scholar. In vitro studies, cross-sectional, case control studies, and randomized controlled trials conducted during the war time were included. Cross-sectional and case control studies were assessed based on the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale, whereas randomized controlled trials were assessed based on the ROBINS-I tool. In-vitro studies included in this review were assessed using the United States national toxicology program tool. RESULTS: The search strategy yielded a total of 5126 articles and finally 21 articles were included in the review. The influence of war on oral health was categorized among both the children and adult population. A total of 14 studies were carried out in children whereas the remaining seven studies were carried out in adults. A decrease in dental caries was observed in more war-prone areas due to the limited availability of carbohydrates and sugar. Severe periodontal disease in the adult population, mainly due to less availability of food and diminished oral hygiene habits, was also reported. CONCLUSIONS: This review underscores the multifaceted impact of war on oral health, revealing a notable prevalence of periodontal problems, craniofacial injuries and varying rates of dental caries across affected populations.
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OBJECTIVE: Importance of oral health during pregnancy has been well reported. To prevent the occurrence of oral diseases and maintenance of oral health, a number of guidelines have been developed by different organizations. However, despite numerous efforts in development of these guidelines, a critical evaluation of the quality of guidelines has not been carried out. Thus, we aimed to perform a systematic review to assess the quality of guidelines on oral health care during pregnancy. METHODS: PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Cochrane Databases were electronically searched in March 2024. STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: We included guidelines that were carried out within last 10 years and focused on oral health during pregnancy were included in this review. Guidelines focused for both oral health professionals and non-oral health professionals were included in this review. The assessment of the guidelines in this review was carried out using the AGREE II instrument. The four appraisers who carried out the assessment comprised of a gynecologists, a dental practioners, a public health expert and a dental public health professional. The instrument comprises of 23 key items within six domains and two additional global rating items. RESULTS: We included eight guidelines in this review. The AGREE II showed two domains with mean score of more than 70% scores across the guidelines. A comparative evaluation of all the guidelines revealed consistently higher scores in scope and purpose (81.71 + 6.3) and clarity of presentation (71.61 + 11.7). Lowest mean scores were reported for editorial independence (47.87 + 7.21) followed by rigour of development (56.19 + 16.97), applicability (57.50 + 13.7) and stakeholder involvement domain (63.17 + 14.31). CONCLUSION: Although many guidelines have demonstrated adherence to systematic methodologies, there still exists a scope of improvement in domains such as editorial independence, rigour of development, applicability and stakeholder involvement. Addressing these shortcomings is essential for promoting evidence-based oral health care practices and improving maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
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AIM. The aim of this study was to train dentists on the different oral hygiene measures to be followed by COVID-19 patients via Webinar and Information Education Communication (IEC) Materials and compare the effectiveness of both. METHODOLOGY. A total of 100 dental professionals were included by non-probability convenience sampling. Webinar and IEC Materials on oral hygiene measures, oral symptoms, and management strategies during COVID-19 were created and training was conducted for all dental professionals who registered themselves. An online version of the self-administered questionnaire (English) was created on the official Edantseva website and circulated to all the registered participants to obtain the pre and post-training data. RESULTS. Out of the total 80 participants in the Webinar group, 47 were females and 33 were males. Comparing the mean total scores obtained by the participants in the webinar and IEC groups in the pre and post-test showed that there is a significant difference in the scores obtained by the participants in the two groups in the pre and post-test (p<0.01). CONCLUSION. Educating dentists via IEC Materials was effective in improving their knowledge regarding oral health management during the COVID-19 pandemic. IEC materials being handy and referable at any time was found to be more effective.
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COVID-19 , Saúde Bucal , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiologia , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Masculino , Feminino , Saúde Bucal/educação , Adulto , Odontólogos , Inquéritos e Questionários , SARS-CoV-2 , Higiene Bucal/educação , Polônia , Educação em Odontologia/métodos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , PandemiasRESUMO
This systematic review aims to determine the association between the consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and periodontal disease. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines were followed to conduct a literature search on five electronic databases till January 2022. Systemically healthy individuals consuming SSBs and presenting periodontal disease (gingivitis/periodontitis) were included. The modified Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and the Grading of Recommendation Assessment Development and Evaluation criteria were respectively used to assess the risk of bias and the evidence's quality. Of the 1303 eligible records identified in the initial search, ten studies (nine cross-sectional and one case-control) were selected for the final review. Among the included articles, five reported SSBs intake in the form of carbonated soft drinks, two as sugary drinks, two as soft drinks, and one as coffee with added sugar. Four studies reported gingivitis as an outcome, while the remaining six studies reported periodontitis using validated indices. The included studies were of medium to high quality. Consumption of SSBs may increase gingival bleeding, thereby gingivitis and the risk of periodontitis. Intake of added sugars like SSBs should be considered as a potential factor during gingival/periodontal risk assessment. Further studies are warranted to establish additional evidence of association.
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Gengivite , Doenças Periodontais , Periodontite , Bebidas Adoçadas com Açúcar , Humanos , Bebidas/efeitos adversos , Sacarose Alimentar/efeitos adversos , Estudos Transversais , Doenças Periodontais/etiologiaRESUMO
Universal Health Coverage (UHC) is where people have access to health services without suffering financial hardship to pay for it, provide equitable health-care services that are appropriate, accessible and affordable for all people, particularly poor and disadvantaged communities. However, optimal intervention in relation to oral disease is not universally available or affordable specifically in developing countries because of limited resources at public sector, escalating costs of treatment and inadequate emphasis on primary prevention of oral diseases. Similar barriers also exist in utilisation of dental services among the Indian population. Integrating oral health into UHC will help improve oral health outcomes and reduce inequalities in access to care. To strengthen the oral health system towards UHC, public sector spending on oral health-care should be equally focused on primary care instead of directing mainly into only tertiary care, which could help reduce the number of complications progress to more expensive and more aggressive treatment.
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Saúde Bucal , Cobertura Universal do Seguro de Saúde , Países em Desenvolvimento , Serviços de Saúde , HumanosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: COVID -19 pandemic has imposed multiple questions and consideration in the minds of the patients and dental professionals. The understanding of patient's perceptions and dental services utilization can aid in modifying the pre-existing dental practices. The aim of the present study was to assess the awareness, perceptions and dental services utilization by patients visiting a tertiary care centre during COVID-19. METHODOLOGY: A cross-sectional study on 437 patients was carried using a validated questionnaire consisting of 22 questions on three domains. Strict sterilization protocol and infection control measures were practiced to avoid any contact between the investigator and the patient. RESULTS: Patients were aware of COVID -19 pandemic and were willing (76.7%) to inculcate preventive practices even post-pandemic. Concerns regarding the spread of infection (37.3%) and hygiene/cleanliness (28.6%) were most commonly reported. Patients visited the dental centre primarily for emergency management and preferred their queries being solved on the phone. CONCLUSION: Patients had a positive outlook towards visiting the dental centre for treatment in the near future and did not report any anxiety before visiting a dental centre.
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Atitude do Pessoal de Saúde , COVID-19/prevenção & controle , Assistência Odontológica/organização & administração , Padrões de Prática Odontológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Estudos Transversais , Assistência Odontológica/psicologia , Odontólogos/psicologia , Odontólogos/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Humanos , Controle de Infecções/estatística & dados numéricos , Masculino , Polônia , Centros de Atenção Terciária/organização & administraçãoRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the efficacy of high-fluoride toothpastes (≥ 2500 ppm) as compared to standard fluoride toothpastes (≤ 1500 ppm) in preventing dental caries. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and cluster-randomised trials comparing high-fluoride dentifrices (≥ 2500 ppm) with lower-concentration fluoride dentifrices (≤ 1500 ppm) with a follow-up period of at least 6 months were included. A random effects model was used to assess the mean differences in caries increment between the two types of dentifrices used. A fixed effects model was used to determine the preventive effect of high-concentration fluoride toothpastes compared with low-fluoride toothpastes. Subgroup and sensitivity analyses were conducted when results indicated heterogeneity. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. High-fluoride toothpaste use was statistically significantly associated with lower caries increment scores (pooled mean difference: -0.52 [95% CI, -0.67, -0.37], p = 0.00001). Subgroup analysis for the included studies reflected a significant reduction in I2 values from 99% to 18%. High-fluoride toothpastes were also associated with a greater preventive effect compared with low-fluoride toothpastes (pooled odds: 52.76 [95% CI, 19.74, 141.04], p = 0.95). CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis suggests that high-fluoride toothpastes are superior to low-fluoride toothpastes in reducing caries. The results of this work when used judiciously should encourage the use of high-fluoride toothpaste, specifically among the vulnerable populations, to maximise preventive benefits.
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Cariostáticos/administração & dosagem , Cárie Dentária/prevenção & controle , Fluoretos/administração & dosagem , Cremes Dentais/administração & dosagem , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Humanos , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como AssuntoRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The study explores the association between severity of illness (positive, negative, depressive and cognitive symptoms) and extra pyramidal symptoms (EPS) with dental caries, periodontal disease and prosthetic needs among patients with schizophrenia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 71 schizophrenic patients diagnosed based on ICD-10 criteria participated in the study. Clinical Global Impression - Schizophrenia (CGI-SCH) scale was used to evaluate positive, negative, depressive, cognitive symptoms and overall severity of schizophrenia. Simpson-Angus Scale (SAS) was used for assessment of EPS. Dental examinations were conducted as per WHO (1997) criterion. RESULTS: Mean DMFT and CPI scores with periodontal pockets were 5.57 ± 2.12 and 2.37 ± 0.74; significant differences being noted among those with and without EPS (p < 0.001). Positive and EPS associated with dental caries with odds ratio of 5.26 (1.05, 26.2) and 8.52 (2.31, 31.4) (p < 0.001). Depressive and EPS were associated with periodontal disease with odds ratio of 4.19 (1.53, 32.5) and 5.27 (1.29, 21.5), respectively (p < 0.001). Cognitive and EPS were associated with dental prosthetic needs with odds ratio of 4.33 (1.47, 31.2) (p < 0.001) and 7.78 (1.43, 42.2), respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Patients with schizophrenia had high dental caries, periodontal disease and unmet dental prosthetic needs. Severity of the schizophrenic and EPS was associated with poor oral health. Efforts need to be focused on strengthening the evidence of its association with oral health indicators through further studies including cohort investigations.
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Cárie Dentária/etiologia , Tratos Extrapiramidais/fisiopatologia , Saúde Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Periodontais/etiologia , Esquizofrenia/complicações , Adulto , Assistência Odontológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Cárie Dentária/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Doenças Periodontais/diagnóstico , Índice de Gravidade de DoençaRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: The target population for this cross sectional study comprises subjects with and without social security in a national social security scheme. The study aimed to compare and assess the risk factors for oral diseases among insured (organised sector) and non-insured workers (unorganised sector) in New Delhi, India. METHODS: The sample comprised a total of 2,752 subjects. Of these, 960 workers belonged to the formal or organised sector with a social security and dental health insurance and 1,792 had no social security or dental insurance from the informal or unorganised sector. RESULTS: Significant differences were noted between the two groups for literacy levels, between-meal sugar consumption, tobacco-related habits and utilisation of dental care. Bleeding/calculus and periodontal pockets were present among 25% and 65.4% of insured workers, respectively. Similarly, 13.6% and 84.5% of non-insured workers had bleeding/calculus and periodontal pockets, respectively. The mean DMFT (decayed, missing, filled teeth) value among the insured workers and non-insured workers was 3.27 ± 1.98 and 3.75 ± 1.80, respectively. The association between absence of health insurance and dental caries was evident with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.94. Subjects with below graduate education were more prone to dental caries (OR = 1.62). Subjects who cleaned their teeth two or more times a day were less likely to have dental caries (OR = 1.47). Utilisation of dental care was inversely related to dental caries (OR = 1.25). CONCLUSION: The major risk factors for oral diseases in both the groups with similar socio-economic status were the lack of social security and health insurance, low literacy levels, high tobacco consumption and low levels of dental care utilisation.
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Seguro Odontológico/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças da Boca/epidemiologia , Previdência Social/estatística & dados numéricos , Doenças Dentárias/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Estudos Transversais , Índice CPO , Cálculos Dentários/epidemiologia , Assistência Odontológica/estatística & dados numéricos , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Restauração Dentária Permanente/estatística & dados numéricos , Escolaridade , Feminino , Hemorragia Gengival/epidemiologia , Humanos , Índia/epidemiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Higiene Bucal/estatística & dados numéricos , Bolsa Periodontal/epidemiologia , Setor Privado/estatística & dados numéricos , Setor Público/estatística & dados numéricos , Fatores de Risco , Classe Social , Uso de Tabaco/epidemiologia , Perda de Dente/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
AIM: This study was undertaken to evaluate the risk factors and associated pathways for unmet dental prosthetic needs among older adult population in Central India. METHODS: A total of 11,145 randomly selected older adults participated in the study; 4613 from urban region and 6532 form rural region. Oral examinations were conducted at individual households for recording dental caries, periodontal disease, prosthetic status and needs. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) was used to examine relationship between a set of exogenous variables and unmet dental prosthetic needs with variables that remained significant in the adjusted multilevel logistic model. Path coefficients were calculated for all variables with 95% confidence interval. Goodness of fit of the model was assessed by several indices. RESULTS: A total of 8433 (75.7%) participants had never visited a dentist and 9139 (82%) had unmet dental prosthetic needs. Dental caries was observed among 3207 (69.5%) and 4644 (71.1%) study participants from urban and rural regions respectively (p < .05). Low utilization of dental services was associated with high dental prosthetic needs in upper arch and lower arch (PC = -0.05, 0.001) and DMFT was associated with lower utilization of dental services (PC = -0.09, 0.001). DMFT was also associated with age, annual income, level of education, paternal education, type of family, tobacco consumption and CPI score in the hypothesized model. The fit indices used indicated that the model was adequate. CONCLUSIONS: Dental prosthetic needs in the proposed pathway model was associated with low utilization of dental services, dental caries, periodontal disease and other socio-demographic factors.
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Prótese Dentária , População Rural , População Urbana , Humanos , Índia , Feminino , Masculino , Idoso , Fatores de Risco , Prótese Dentária/estatística & dados numéricos , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Necessidades e Demandas de Serviços de Saúde , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Estudos TransversaisRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Most studies focusing on oral hygiene status in hearing impaired individuals are cross-sectional and focus on specific populations. A comprehensive literature search and evidence-based analysis was carried out to assess the oral hygiene status in this special group of population. METHODS: Searches were conducted in four databases with no restriction on publication date. Cross-sectional and comparative cross-sectional studies assessing the oral hygiene status and periodontal status of hearing impaired individuals using standardized evaluation criteria were included. Study selection, data extraction, and assessment of bias were carried out by four reviewers and oral hygiene, plaque, and gingival status were assessed. The risk of bias assessment was carried out by New Castle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. 29 relevant publications that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the systematic review whereas six studies each assessing oral hygiene and plaque status and five studies evaluating the gingival status were included in the Meta-analysis. RESULTS: Eight thousand eight hundred and ninety (8890) potentially relevant references were identified in the systematic literature search. The overall analysis of the included studies revealed a mean oral hygiene index score of 1.60 (95% CI 0.91-2.30), Gingival Index scores 1.27 (95% CI 1.02-1.51), and Plaque Index score 0.99 (95% CI 0.75-2.30) among the hearing impaired individuals. CONCLUSION: The present study reported fair oral hygiene, fair plaque status, and moderate gingivitis among the hearing impaired individuals.
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Placa Dentária , Gengivite , Humanos , Higiene Bucal , Estudos Transversais , AudiçãoRESUMO
The health sector challenges in India like those in other low and middle income countries are formidable. India has almost one-third of the world's dental schools. However, provisions of oral health-care services are few in rural parts of India where the majority of the Indian population resides. Disparities exist between the oral health status in urban and rural areas. The present unequal system of mainly private practice directed towards a minority of the population and based on reparative services needs to be modified. National oral health policy needs to be implemented as a priority, with an emphasis on strengthening dental care services under public health facilities. A fast-changing demographic profile and its implications needs to be considered while planning for the future oral health-care workforce. Current oral health status in developing countries, including India, is a result of government public health policies, not lack of dentists. The aim of the article is to discuss pertinent issues relating to oral health disparities, equity in health-care access, dental workforce planning and quality concerns pertaining to the present-day dental education and practices in India, which have implications for other developing countries.
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Odontologia , Países em Desenvolvimento , Acessibilidade aos Serviços de Saúde , Disparidades nos Níveis de Saúde , Saúde Bucal , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Educação em Odontologia/normas , Gastos em Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Política de Saúde , Serviços de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Índia , Neoplasias Bucais/epidemiologia , Doenças Periodontais/epidemiologia , Prevalência , População Rural/estatística & dados numéricos , Faculdades de Odontologia/estatística & dados numéricos , População Urbana/estatística & dados numéricos , Recursos HumanosRESUMO
AIMS: The purpose of the systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the dental caries status in individuals with hearing difficulties. METHODS AND RESULTS: Searches were conducted in six databases with no restriction on publication date. The cross-sectional and comparative cross sectional studies assessing the dental caries status of hearing impaired individuals using standardized evaluation criteria were included. PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane, Wiley Online, Lilacs, and Scopus databases were searched to identify the relevant papers published before August 1, 2021. The risk of bias assessment was carried out by New Castle Ottawa Quality Assessment Scale. Three thousand three hundred thirty five potentially relevant references were identified in the systematic literature search. Thirteen relevant publications that fulfilled the eligibility criteria were included in the systematic review and the meta analysis. The overall analysis of the included studies revealed pooled dental caries prevalence of 58.0% (95% CI 0.41-0.74) among the hearing impaired individuals. The overall dental caries experience of the included studies showed a mean pooled DMFT of 2.68 (95% CI 1.24-4.12). CONCLUSION: The present systematic review and meta-analysis reported high dental caries prevalence in hearing impaired individuals.
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Cárie Dentária , Transtornos da Audição , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Cárie Dentária/epidemiologia , Audição , PrevalênciaRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of premature loss of primary teeth in children of mixed dentition age on the prevalence of malocclusion in permanent dentition. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A search was conducted in Medline through PubMed, Cochrane databases, Google Scholar, and Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ) through March 2023. All observational studies that evaluated the association between premature loss of primary teeth and malocclusion in permanent dentition were included for analysis. Quality of studies was evaluated using the Newcastle-Ottawa tool. Meta-analysis was conducted using Cochrane Review Manager (RevMan) Version 5.3. The association between different categories of malocclusion and premature loss of primary teeth was assessed using a random-effects model. Heterogeneity was explored through sensitivity analysis. Certainty of evidence was evaluated using GRADE analysis. RESULTS: This meta-analysis showed that the premature loss of primary teeth significantly increases the prevalence of overall malocclusion in permanent dentition (OR=2.54, P=0.003; I2: 83%). Subgroup analysis showed an insignificant relationship of premature loss of primary teeth with Class I malocclusion (OR=1.14, P=0.45; I2: 63%) and Class II malocclusion (OR=1.63, P=0.18; I2: 87%) but statistically significant relationship with Class III malocclusion (OR=3.73, P=0.006; I2: 71%). Sensitivity analysis reflected a significant reduction in I2 values. CONCLUSION: This meta-analysis provides substantial evidence supporting the relationship between premature loss of primary teeth and malocclusion in permanent dentition. Notably, Class III malocclusions exhibited a significant association with premature loss of primary teeth.
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Má Oclusão Classe III de Angle , Má Oclusão Classe II de Angle , Má Oclusão , Criança , Humanos , Dentição Permanente , Prevalência , Má Oclusão/epidemiologia , Dente DecíduoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Smokeless tobacco (SLT) use is positively associated with oral, oesophageal, and pancreatic cancers. The tobacco dentifrice is a type of SLT which is applied to the teeth and gums. It is available in different forms which include mishri, gul/gulmanjan, gudhaku, snuff, red tooth powder, and creamy snuff. This qualitative study aims to explore the opinions and beliefs associated with the harmful effects of tobacco dentifrice use. METHODOLOGY: Thirty in-depth interviews were conducted among tobacco dentifrice users visiting a dental hospital. The data were coded and analysed using thematic analysis in ATLAS.ti software 8. RESULTS: A total of 11 codes and six categories were generated which comprised of the reason for the initiation, awareness of health effects, perception of oral tobacco application, perception of quitting, the reason for continued use, and use in society. Family, peers, access to the product, curiosity were important factors to initiate the tobacco dentifrice use. Participants believed in the myth that tobacco dentifrice was beneficial for the teeth, gums, and bowel movements. The participants considered tobacco dentifrice to be less harmful than other forms of tobacco. However, some participants were aware of its adverse effects on health and have tried to quit in the past. None of the participants had taken any professional help for quitting. CONCLUSION: There were strong beliefs and myths among the participants that tobacco dentifrice was beneficial for oral and general health. There is a need to create awareness and improve the standard of the health warning of such products.
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Dentifrícios , Tabaco sem Fumaça , Humanos , Cognição , Dentifrícios/efeitos adversos , Índia , Uso de Tabaco , Tabaco sem Fumaça/efeitos adversosRESUMO
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of an oral health mobile application on the oral health knowledge, behavior, and practices (KBP) of child-parent dyads. Methods: This was a pre-post, single-arm, hospital-based pilot study. Fifty-two dyads were assessed for KBP using a self-structured questionnaire. The oral hygiene of children was evaluated using the plaque index (PI). The Healthy-Smile Swasth-Muskaan mobile application was installed on the phones of participants, and they were encouraged to use the application regularly. After one month of the app instalation, post-KBP and PI were assessed. Results: A significant improvement was seen in the parents' total knowledge, behavior, and oral hygiene practices of the children (P<0.001). A significant reduction was observed in the mean plaque scores of the children (P<0.001). Conclusions: The Healthy-Smile Swasth-Muskaan mobile app is associated with improved oral health knowledge and behavior of the child-parent dyads and im- proved oral hygiene of children. Further randomized clinical trials are needed to determine the impact of mobile apps on the oral health knowledge, behavior, and practices of parents and children.
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Aplicativos Móveis , Humanos , Saúde Bucal , Projetos Piloto , Higiene Bucal , PaisRESUMO
PURPOSE: To assess and compare the oral health status and treatment need among the preschool children attending Anganwadi Centres associated with a special learning programme (SLP) and the control group. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was designed to include 3- to 5-year-old preschool children attending Anganwadis. An Anganwadi (meaning courtyard) Centre is the focal point for the delivery of services to children and mothers. The Anganwadis associated with the special learning programme and the control group Anganwadis consisted of 255 and 275 children, respectively. The special learning programme comprised general health education and growth monitoring services that were continuously reinforced to expectant and nursing mothers of children below 6 years of age by a team of members of a nearby medical college. Information on demographic and socioeconomic parameters (maternal literacy and occupation, paternal literacy and occupation, family income), oral hygiene practices, dietary habits and dental visits was obtained, and oral examination was done in the two groups. RESULTS: The mean plaque index and mean gingival index score among the SLP Anganwadi group were 0.18 ± 0.22 and 0.15 ± 0.28, respectively, and among the control group these indices were 1.06 ± 0.50 and 0.50 ± 0.00, respectively. The mean dmft score among the SLP group was 3.40 ± 4.84 vs 4.32 ± 4.69 in the control group (p < 0.05). The distribution of children without any treatment need was 50.2% in the SLP group and 33.5% in the control group. CONCLUSION: The SLP Anganwadi group had a better oral health status and less treatment need than the control Anganwadi group. This demonstrates that there is a beneficial effect of general health education on oral health.