Gingivitis Models - Relevant Approaches to Assess Oral Hygiene Products.

OBJECTIVES: To review the application of gingivitis prevention and treatment models to assess the efficacy of mechanical and chemotherapeutic oral hygiene interventions following shorter- and longer-term use. METHODS: Representative published clinical trials evaluating the shorter- and longer-term anti-gingivitis efficacy of stannous fluoride dentifrice, cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) rinse, and oscillating-rotating (O-R) electric rechargeable toothbrushes were reviewed. Key gingivitis indices, including the Löe-Silness Gingival Index (LS), Lobene Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Gingival Bleeding Index (GBI), Papillary Bleeding Index (PIBI), and the Mazza modification of the PIBI (Mazza GI), were evaluated for their relative validity and sensitivity in evaluating prevention and treatment outcomes. RESULTS: Twenty clinical trials were evaluated, including 11 treatment studies and 9 prevention trials. Collectively, the findings demonstrated the efficacy of stabilized stannous fluoride toothpaste, CPC rinses, and O-R electric toothbrushes in improving gingival health both in longer-term prevention and shorter-term treatment models. The studies employed various frequently used gingivitis indices. The indices were sufficiently sensitive to elucidate treatment differences. CONCLUSIONS: Based on the results of this review, gingivitis prevention and treatment studies are valid approaches to show treatment effects, and their utilization is dependent upon whether the intention is to evaluate "reducing the onset of gingivitis" or "reducing the severity of existing gingivitis." Various indices, including the LS, MGI, GBI, PIBI, and Mazza GI indices, provide valid measurements for evaluating gingivitis in treatment and prevention models. Shorter-term treatment models allow for efficient efficacy evaluation in clinically relevant populations with existing disease.

Clinical Symptoms and Quality of Life Improvement Value of Ornidazole Mixture in Auxiliary Filling Treatment of Patients with Endodontic Disease.

To evaluate the clinical effect of ornidazole mixture in auxiliary filling of patients with endodontic disease. A total of 124 patients with endodontic diseases admitted to our hospital from January 2020 to December 2021 were included and divided into two groups according to the random number table. The observation group (n = 62) was given ornidazole mixture-assisted filling, while the control group (n = 62) was given pulp mummification filling to evaluate its application effect. Compared with the control group, the disappearance time of tooth hyperesthesia, gingival redness, and pain symptoms in the observation group were significantly shorter and the difference had statistical significance (P < 0.05); the excellent and good rate of the observation group was 96.77% and 85.48%, respectively, and the difference had statistical significance (P < 0.05); the masticatory efficiency, occlusal force, and oral health-related quality of life scores in the observation group were higher than those in the control group after treatment, and the difference had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Ornidazole mixture can promote the curative effect, shorten the time of symptom disappearance, and effectively improve the masticatory function and quality of life in patients with endodontic diseases.

PtNPt/MWCNT-PEDOT:PSS-Modified Microelectrode Arrays for the Synchronous Dopamine and Neural Spike Detection in Rat Models of Sleep Deprivation.

In this study, a biosensor assembly based on microelectrode arrays (MEAs) modified with PtNPt/MWCNT-PEDOT:PSS nanocomposites is presented to synchronously detect the dopamine (DA) and electrophysiological activities in rat brains. Different morphological and electrochemical characterizations were conducted to show the excellent mechanical and electrical properties of the as-prepared probes. The developed biosensors realized the sensitive and selective detection of DA with the existence of significant interferences such as uric acid (UA), ascorbic acid (AA), glutamate (Glu), and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). Calibration curve for the DA response was linear with the concentration from 0.05 µM to 79 µM (R = 0.999), with a sensitivity of 30.561 pA/µM and detection limit as low as 50 nM. Finally, the proposed microelectrode was applied to be implanted into the cortex and caudate putamen (CPU) of rats, which was demonstrated to stably measure the synchronous neurochemical and neurophysiological changes caused by 72 h sleep deprivation. The in vivo measuring results showed that the sleep deprivation increased the DA release and neural spike activity in both cortex and CPU. The local field potential (LFP) power in the delta and theta band was significantly increased as well. These changes in brain may reflect the brain's adaptive reaction toward the side effects induced by sleep deprivation and may partially explain the mechanism of forced wakefulness in the presence of accumulated sleep pressure.