Assessment of clinical validity of KPG index for 3D classification of impacted maxillary canines by cone beam computed tomography in patients.

OBJECTIVES: The primary objective of this study was to assess the validity of the KPG index in predicting the difficulty of treatment involving impacted maxillary canines. The secondary objective was to assess the reliability and reproducibility of the index. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted on 96 maxillary impacted canines (MIC) in 60 patients aged 13-35 years. Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans were used to predict the treatment difficulty of MIC using the KPG index. Patient case files were assessed for the actual difficulty encountered in treating MIC. Cohen's kappa correlation coefficient was used for intra-observer reliability and Kendell's W test was used for inter-observer reliability. Spearman's correlation coefficient test was used to assess the correlation between predicted and actual treatment. RESULTS: Easy and moderately difficult cases exhibited a moderate correlation between actual and predicted treatment outcomes, whereas difficult cases displayed a weak correlation. The perfect correlation was observed exclusively in extremely difficult cases. The intra-observer reliability for assessing CBCT scans using the KPG guide was found to be 0.88, and the inter-rater reliability was 0.94. CONCLUSION: The KPG index displayed 87%, 71%, 50% and 100% validity in easy, moderately difficult, difficult, and extremely difficult cases, respectively. This index showed good reliability and reproducibility. However, it is imperative to consider a multitude of other factors, including the patient's age, presence of associated root resorption in adjacent teeth, and duration of treatment, to make an informed decision between surgical exposure and extraction.

Antiviral properties of copper and its alloys to inactivate covid-19 virus: a review.

Copper (Cu) and its alloys are prospective materials in fighting covid-19 virus and several microbial pandemics, due to its excellent antiviral as well as antimicrobial properties. Even though many studies have proved that copper and its alloys exhibit antiviral properties, this research arena requires further research attention. Several studies conducted on copper and its alloys have proven that copper-based alloys possess excellent potential in controlling the spread of infectious diseases. Moreover, recent studies indicate that these alloys can effectively inactivate the covid-19 virus. In view of this, the present article reviews the importance of copper and its alloys in reducing the spread and infection of covid-19, which is a global pandemic. The electronic databases such as ScienceDirect, Web of Science and PubMed were searched for identifying relevant studies in the present review article. The review starts with a brief description on the history of copper usage in medicine followed by the effect of copper content in human body and antiviral mechanisms of copper against covid-19. The subsequent sections describe the distinctive copper based material systems such as alloys, nanomaterials and coating technologies in combating the spread of covid-19. Overall, copper based materials can be propitiously used as part of preventive and therapeutic strategies in the fight against covid-19 virus.

Plasmonic Biofoam: A Versatile Optically Active Material.

Owing to their ability to confine and manipulate light at the nanoscale, plasmonic nanostructures are highly attractive for a broad range of applications. While tremendous progress has been made in the synthesis of size- and shape-controlled plasmonic nanostructures, their integration with other materials and application in solid-state is primarily through their assembly on rigid two-dimensional (2D) substrates, which limits the plasmonically active space to a few nanometers above the substrate. In this work, we demonstrate a simple method to create plasmonically active three-dimensional biofoams by integrating plasmonic nanostructures with highly porous biomaterial aerogels. We demonstrate that plasmonic biofoam is a versatile optically active platform that can be harnessed for numerous applications including (i) ultrasensitive chemical detection using surface-enhanced Raman scattering; (ii) highly efficient energy harvesting and steam generation through plasmonic photothermal heating; and (iii) optical control of enzymatic activity by triggered release of biomolecules encapsulated within the aerogel. Our results demonstrate that 3D plasmonic biofoam exhibits significantly higher sensing, photothermal, and loading efficiency compared to conventional 2D counterparts. The design principles and processing methodology of plasmonic aerogels demonstrated here can be broadly applied in the fabrication of other functional foams.

A Novel Folate-Targeted Nanoliposomal System of Doxorubicin for Cancer Targeting.

Targeted drug delivery systems for cancer improves anti-tumor efficacy and reduces systemic toxicity by restricting availability of cytotoxic drugs within tumors. Targeting moieties, such as natural ligands (folic acid, transferrin, and biotin) which are overexpressed on tumors, have been used to enhance liposome-encapsulated drug accumulation within tumors and resulted in better control. In this report, we explored the scope of targeting ligand folic acid, which is incorporated in liposome systems using folic acid-modified cholesterol (CPF), enabled highly selective tumor-targeted delivery of liposome-encapsulated doxorubicin and resulted in increased cytotoxicity within tumors. Folate-tagged poloxamer-coated liposomes (FDL) were found to have significantly higher cellular uptake than conventional poloxamer-coated liposomes (DL), as confirmed by fluorometric analysis in B16F10 melanoma cells. Biodistribution study of the radiolabeled liposomal system indicated the significantly higher tumor uptake of FDL as compared to DL. Anti-tumor activity of FDL against murine B16F10 melanoma tumor-bearing mice revealed that FDL inhibited tumor growth more efficiently than the DL. Taken together, the results demonstrated the significant potential of the folate-conjugated nanoliposomal system for drug delivery to tumors.

Peripherally cross-linking the shell of core-shell polymer micelles decreases premature release of physically loaded combretastatin A4 in whole blood and increases its mean residence time and subsequent potency against primary murine breast tumors after IV administration.

PURPOSE: Determine the feasibility and potential benefit of peripherally cross-linking the shell of core-shell polymer micelles on the premature release of physically loaded hydrophobic drug in whole blood and subsequent potency against solid tumors. METHODS: Individual Pluronic F127 polymer micelles (F127 PM) peripherally cross-linked with ethylenediamine at 76% of total PEO blocks (X-F127 PM) were physically loaded with combretastatin A4 (CA4) by the solid dispersion method and compared to CA4 physically loaded in uncross-linked F127 PM, CA4 in DMSO in vitro, or water-soluble CA4 phosphate (CA4P) in vivo. RESULTS: X-F127 PM had similar CA4 loading and aqueous solubility as F127 PM up to 10 mg CA4 / mL at 22.9 wt% and did not aggregate in PBS or 90% (v/v) human serum at 37°C for at least 24 h. In contrast, X-F127 PM decreased the unbound fraction of CA4 in whole blood (fu) and increased the mean plasma residence time and subsequent potency of CA4 against the vascular function and growth of primary murine 4T1 breast tumors over CA4 in F127 PM and water-soluble CA4P after IV administration. CONCLUSIONS: Given that decreasing the fu is an indication of decreased drug release, peripherally cross-linking the shell of core-shell polymer micelles may be a simple approach to decrease premature release of physically loaded hydrophobic drug in the blood and increase subsequent potency in solid tumors.

Comparison of Bond Strength of Brackets with Foil Mesh and Laser Structure Base using Light Cure Composite Resin: An in vitro Study.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the bond strength of the laser-etched base bracket, site of bond failure, and evaluate for enamel remnants on the bracket base after debonding, when compared to foil mesh base bracket. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Sixty noncarious, human premolar extracted for the orthodontic treatment were used for this study. The teeth were randomly divided into two groups containing 30 teeth each, which were bonded with laser-etched base bracket and mesh base bracket using light cure resin. The tensile and mechanical bond strength was tested after 24 hours using TIRA. The forces recorded during debonding were measured in Newton and final readings were tabulated in megapascals (MPa). After debonding, the amount of residual adhesive and enamel detachment on the bracket base were assessed according to adhesive remnant index (ARI) and enamel detachment index (EDI) using stereomicroscope and energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer. RESULTS: The laser-etched base bracket showed statistically significant higher results than mesh base bracket. Mann-Whitney test indicated that laser-etched base bracket had significantly higher tensile bond strength of 8.47 MPa (SD ± 0.84), fatigue strength of 7.75 MPa (SD ± 0.79) compared to mesh base bracket with tensile bond strength of 5.53 Mpa (SD ± 0.89) and fatigue strength of 5.17 MPa (SD ± 1.15). Adhesive remnant index score indicated that laser-etched base bracket had ARI score of 3 for most of the bracket, when compared to mesh base bracket. This was statistically significant. Enamel detachment index scores indicated that less than 10% of enamel detachment occurred in both the types of brackets, which was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: Laser-etched base bracket showed superior bond strength, when compared to the foil mesh base bracket. The site of bond failure of these laser-etched base bracket was at the interface of enamel-adhesive and did not induce any significant enamel detachment. Thus, we can conclude that laser-etched base bracket is a promising step toward achieving an ideal bracket base design for successful bonding.

Effect of Self-etch Primer-adhesive and Conventional Adhesive Systems on the Shear Bond Strength and Bond Failure of Orthodontic Brackets: A Comparative Study.

BACKGROUND: Prompt-L-Pop is a sixth generation bonding system contains methacrylated phosphoric acid esters that combine an acidic component for etching the enamel and a primer, is an all-in-one adhesive. This study was undertaken to compare the bonding strength of brackets to enamel with traditional bonding technique and the new Prompt-L-Pop system using the same composite resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this in vitro experimental study, 60 human premolar teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment were collected. The samples were randomly divided into three groups comprising of 20 teeth in each group. Shear bond strength and ARI scores for the specimens were measured. Comparison was done using one way ANOVA and Chi-square test. RESULTS: Fourth generation bonding adhesive system depicted similar bond strength to fifth generation bonding adhesive system. Both fourth and fifth generation exhibited higher shear bond strength as compared to sixth generation bonding adhesive system. CONCLUSION: Fourth and fifth generation exhibited higher shear bond strength as compared to sixth generation bonding adhesive system but the sixth generation has clinically acceptable shear bond strength. Also, it was found that sixth generation leaves less residual adhesive on the tooth after bracket removal.

Multifunctional analytical platform on a paper strip: separation, preconcentration, and subattomolar detection.

We report a plasmonic paper-based analytical platform with functional versatility and subattomolar (<10(-18) M) detection limit using surface-enhanced Raman scattering as a transduction method. The microfluidic paper-based analytical device (µPAD) is made with a lithography-free process by a simple cut and drop method. Complex samples are separated by a surface chemical gradient created by differential polyelectrolyte coating of the paper. The µPAD with a starlike shape is designed to enable liquid handling by lateral flow without microchannel patterning. This design generates a rapid capillary-driven flow capable of dragging liquid samples as well as gold nanorods into a single cellulose microfiber, thereby providing an extremely preconcentrated and optically active detection spot.

Plasma-enhanced copolymerization of amino acid and synthetic monomers.

In this paper we report the use of plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) for the simultaneous deposition and copolymerization of an amino acid with other organic and inorganic monomers. We investigate the fundamental effects of plasma-enhanced copolymerization on different material chemistries in stable ultrathin coatings of mixed composition with an amino acid component. This study serves to determine the feasibility of a direct, facile method for integrating biocompatible/active materials into robust polymerized coatings with the ability to plasma copolymerize a biological molecule (L-tyrosine) with different synthetic materials in a dry, one-step process to form ultrathin coatings of mixed composition. This process may lead to a method of interfacing biologic systems with synthetic materials as a way to enhance the biomaterial-tissue interface and preserve biological activity within composite films.

Stabilization of organophosphorus hydrolase by entrapment in silk fibroin: formation of a robust enzymatic material suitable for surface coatings.

Organophosphates are some of the most acutely toxic compounds synthesized on an industrial scale, and organophosphorus hydrolase (OPH) has the ability to hydrolyze and inactivate a number of these chemicals. However, OPH activity is vulnerable to harsh environmental conditions that would accompany its practical utility in the field; a limitation that can also be extended to conditions required for incorporation of OPH into useful materials. Here we present evidence that entrapment of OPH in silk fibroin leads to stabilization of OPH activity under a variety of conditions that would otherwise reduce free enzyme activity, such as elevated temperature, UV light exposure and the presence of detergent. Silk fibroin entrapment of OPH also allowed for its dispersal into a polyurethane-based coating that retained organophosphate hydrolysis activity after formulation, application and drying. Together, the data presented here demonstrate the utility of silk fibroin entrapment for the protection of OPH activity under a variety of environmental conditions.

Thermodynamic behaviour of two-dimensional vesicles revisited.

We study pressurised self-avoiding ring polymers in two dimensions using Monte Carlo simulations, scaling arguments and Flory-type theories, through models which generalise the model of Leibler, Singh and Fisher (Phys. Rev. Lett. 59, 1989 (1987)). We demonstrate the existence of a thermodynamic phase transition at a non-zero scaled pressure [Formula: see text] , where [Formula: see text] = Np/4[Formula: see text] , with the number of monomers N [Formula: see text] ∞ and the pressure p [Formula: see text] 0 , keeping [Formula: see text] constant, in a class of such models. This transition is driven by bond energetics and can be either continuous or discontinuous. It can be interpreted as a shape transition in which the ring polymer takes the shape, above the critical pressure, of a regular N -gon whose sides scale smoothly with pressure, while staying unfaceted below this critical pressure. Away from these limits, we argue that the transition is replaced by a sharp crossover. The area, however, scales with N(2) for all positive p in all such models, consistent with earlier scaling theories.

Probing in vivo trafficking of polymer/DNA micellar nanoparticles using SPECT/CT imaging.

Successful translation of nonviral gene delivery to therapeutic applications requires detailed understanding of in vivo trafficking of the vehicles. This report compares the pharmacokinetic and biodistribution profiles of polyethylene glycol-b-polyphosphoramidate (PEG-b-PPA)/DNA micellar nanoparticles after administration through intravenous infusion, intrabiliary infusion, and hydrodynamic injection using single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging. Nanoparticles were labeled with (111)In using an optimized protocol to retain their favorable physicochemical properties. Quantitative imaging analysis revealed different in vivo trafficking kinetics for PEG-b-PPA/DNA nanoparticles after different routes of administration. The intrabiliary infusion resulted in the highest liver uptake of micelles compared with the other two routes. Analysis of intrabiliary infusion by the two-compartment pharmacokinetic modeling revealed efficient retention of micelles in the liver and minimal micelle leakage from the liver to the blood stream. This study demonstrates the utility of SPECT/CT as an effective noninvasive imaging modality for the characterization of nanoparticle trafficking in vivo and confirms that intrabiliary infusion is an effective route for liver-targeted delivery of DNA-containing nanoparticles.

Comparison of reproducibility of natural head position using two methods.

UNLABELLED: Lateral cephalometric radiographs have become virtually indispensable to orthodontists in the treatment of patients. They are important in orthodontic growth analysis, diagnosis, treatment planning, monitoring of therapy and evaluation of final treatment outcome. AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the maximum reproducibility with minimum variation of natural head position using two methods, i.e. the mirror method and the fluid level device method. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included two sets of 40 lateral cephalograms taken using two methods of obtaining natural head position: (1) The mirror method and (2) fluid level device method, with a time interval of 2 months. Inclusion criteria • Subjects were randomly selected aged between 18 to 26 years Exclusion criteria • History of orthodontic treatment • Any history of respiratory tract problem or chronic mouth breathing • Any congenital deformity • History of traumatically-induced deformity • History of myofacial pain syndrome • Any previous history of head and neck surgery. RESULTS: The result showed that both the methods for obtaining natural head position-the mirror method and fluid level device method were comparable, but maximum reproducibility was more with the fluid level device as shown by the Dahlberg's coefficient and Bland-Altman plot. The minimum variance was seen with the fluid level device method as shown by Precision and Pearson correlation. CONCLUSION: The mirror method and the fluid level device method used for obtaining natural head position were comparable without any significance, and the fluid level device method was more reproducible and showed less variance when compared to mirror method for obtaining natural head position. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: Fluid level device method was more reproducible and shows less variance when compared to mirror method for obtaining natural head position.

Molecular Dynamics Investigation into pH Dependent Metal Binding of the Intrinsically Disordered Worm Jaw Protein, Nvjp-1.

Sclerotization of the Nereis virens jaw is mediated by metal binding to the histidine-rich jaw protein, Nvjp-1. Previous studies showed that the mechanical properties of Nvjp-1 hydrogels could be modulated with zinc binding as well as the associated anion. Here, we show that the mechanical properties of Nvjp-1 hydrogels can be modulated by pH and that zinc binding to Nvjp-1 is stable at both acidic and alkaline pH conditions. To probe the mechanism of Zn2+ binding to Nvjp-1 at different pH conditions, we utilized all atom molecular dynamics simulations employing a polarizable force field. At low pH conditions, polar residues predominantly interacted with Zn2+, with at most two residues interacting with a given zinc ion. Surprisingly, little to no Zn2+ binding was observed with the abundant Nvjp-1 acidic residues, which form salt-bridges with the protonated histidines to effectively block their binding to Zn2+ ions. As the pH was shifted to alkaline conditions, Zn2+ binding residues reconfigured to form additional coordination bonds with histidine, resulting in a reduction in the radius of gyration that correlated with hydrogel sclerotization. Furthermore, acetate ions were shown to facilitate the capture of zinc ions through association with protonated histidines at low pH, freeing acidic residues to interact with Zn2+ ions and increasing the number of Zn2+ ions that diffuse into the Nvjp-1 interior. Thus, these studies provide valuable molecular insights into how amino acid residues in Nvjp-1 manage metal salt binding and coordination in hydrogels as a function of the pH and ionic environments.

Chemical functionalization of graphene enabled by phage displayed peptides.

The development of a general approach for the nondestructive chemical and biological functionalization of graphene could expand opportunities for graphene in both fundamental studies and a variety of device platforms. Graphene is a delicate single-layer, two-dimensional network of carbon atoms whose properties can be affected by covalent modification. One method for functionalizing materials without fundamentally changing their inherent structure is using biorecognition moieties. In particular, oligopeptides are molecules containing a broad chemical diversity that can be achieved within a relatively compact size. Phage display is a dominant method for identifying peptides that possess enhanced selectivity toward a particular target. Here, we demonstrate a powerful yet benign approach for chemical functionalization of graphene via comprehensively screened phage displayed peptides. Our results show that graphene can be selectively recognized even in nanometer-defined strips. Further, modification of graphene with bifunctional peptides reveals both the ability to impart selective recognition of gold nanoparticles and the development of an ultrasensitive graphene-based TNT sensor. We anticipate that these results could open exciting opportunities in the use of graphene in fundamental biochemical recognition studies, as well as applications ranging from sensors to energy storage devices.

Design, development and in vitro-in vivo study of a colon-specific fast disintegrating tablet.

OBJECTIVE: Targeted delivery systems for the treatment of Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are designed to increase local tissue concentrations of anti-inflammatory drugs from lower doses compared with systemic administration. The objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate an oral system designed to achieve site-specific and instant drug release in the colon for effective treatment of IBD. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The system consists of a core tablet containing the model drug diclofenac sodium, superdisintegrant sodium starch glycolate, and coated with enteric polymer Eudragit FS 30 D to achieve different total percentage weight gain. Drug release studies were carried out using a changing pH method. A placebo formulation containing barium sulphate in the tablet was administered to human volunteers for in vivo X-ray studies. SEM studies were performed to determine coating thickness and film topography. RESULTS: In vitro studies revealed that the tablet with 10% coating level released the drug after 5 h lag time corresponding to the colonic region. Tablets with 10% coating level could maintain their integrity in human volunteers for 5 h, approximating colon arrival time and release the drug instantaneously. DISCUSSION: Colon-targeting and instant drug release for 10% coating level was due to the dissolution of the Eudragit FS 30 D and the immediate release effect of superdisintegrant. It was observed that as the coating level increased, the lag time also increased. This was because of increased diffusion path length and tortuosity at higher coating levels. CONCLUSION: An in vivo-in vitro study revealed that not only the sensitivity of the polymer to the pH environment but also the thickness of coating plays an important role in colon delivery and the tablet with 5% superdisintegrant and 10% coating level achieved the desired performance of the colon targeting.

Fluoride contamination in groundwater in parts of Nalgonda District, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Serious problems are faced in several parts of the world due to the presence of high concentration of fluoride in drinking water which causes dental and skeletal fluorosis to humans. Nalgonda district in Andhra Pradesh, India is one such region where high concentration of fluoride is present in groundwater. Since there are no major studies in the recent past, the present study was carried out to understand the present status of groundwater quality in Nalgonda and also to assess the possible causes for high concentration of fluoride in groundwater. Samples from 45 wells were collected once every 2 months and analyzed for fluoride concentration using an ion chromatograph. The fluoride concentration in groundwater of this region ranged from 0.1 to 8.8 mg/l with a mean of 1.3 mg/l. About 52% of the samples collected were suitable for human consumption. However, 18% of the samples were having less than the required limit of 0.6 mg/l, and 30% of the samples possessed high concentration of fluoride, i.e., above 1.5 mg/l. Weathering of rocks and evaporation of groundwater are responsible for high fluoride concentration in groundwater of this area apart from anthropogenic activities including irrigation which accelerates weathering of rocks.

Comparing marginal microleakage in Class V cavities restored with flowable composite and Cention-N using confocal microscope-an in-vitro study.

CONTEXT: Class V cavity presents a clinical challenge in the field of restorative dentistry as the margin placement is partially in enamel and partly in cementum, and the trouble associated with this design is the microleakage at the tooth restoration interface. AIMS: To evaluate and compare marginal microleakage in Class V cavities when restored with flowable composite and Cention-N restorative material. METHODS AND MATERIAL: This in-vitro study was performed on 30 human maxillary premolars, which were extracted for orthodontic reasons. Class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces of each tooth. After application of seventh-generation bonding agent (3M ESPE, Single Bond Universal Adhesive), the teeth were divided into two groups of 15 each and restored with flowable composite (3M ESPE Filtek Z350 XT) and Cention-N (Ivoclar Vivadent) and were subjected to thermocycling. The teeth were then immersed in 0.1% Rhodamine B dye for 48 h. They were sectioned longitudinally into mesial and distal parts with the help of an isomet diamond saw. The sections were observed under a confocal laser scanning microscope (CLSM). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The results were subjected to statistical analysis using the Mann-Whitney U test and Pearson's Chi-square test. RESULTS: The analysis showed statistically significant results among the groups. Cention-N showed lesser microleakage, which was statistically significant when compared to flowable composite (P = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: Cention-N showed significantly lesser leakage and better adaptation than flowable composite.

Management of intrusive luxation of maxillary incisors with dens in dente: a case report.

Intrusive luxation is one of the most severe types of dental traumatic injuries. The risk of occurrence of pulpal necrosis and inflammatory or replacement resorption is high. In an attempt to prevent or delay the appearance of such lesions, endodontic intervention is required soon after the occurrence of trauma. A 17-year-old boy reported to the Department of Conservative dentistry and Endodontics, KLE VK Institute of Dental Sciences, Belgaum, 2 days after a fall from a bicycle. Clinical and radiographic examination revealed an intrusive luxation of the left maxillary central incisor and lateral incisor. There were complicated crown fracture with the right maxillary central incisor and uncomplicated crown fracture with the left maxillary central incisor. Also, all the incisors showed the presence of Oelhers type II Dens-in-dente. The management was hence challenging. Immediate surgical repositioning was performed and the teeth were stabilized with a composite resin splint. Endodontic therapy was initiated with the right maxillary central incisor, and the canal was sealed with calcium hydroxide dressing. After 3 weeks, pulp sensitivity was repeated with the maxillary left central and lateral incisors. The result was negative. Considering the incidence of pulp necrosis and root resorption in intruded teeth with complete root formation, they also were dealt in a similar manner as the maxillary right central incisor. The splint was removed after 1 month. After 6 months of calcium hydroxide therapy, there was a satisfactory apical and periodontal healing. At this stage, the teeth were obturated and the fractures were restored with composite resin. A 1-year follow up revealed a satisfactory clinical and radiographic outcome.

Unveiling the Impacted Canine - Eyelet Chain Guide: Concepts and Clinical Application.

Impaction of canine is frequently encountered clinical problem in orthodontics. Canine usually erupts when two third of the root development is complete. It is considered as impacted if the root development is completed, but unaided eruption is not expected to occur. Surgical exposure of impacted canine and orthodontic traction to align the tooth is a major challenge in which the management requires a multidisciplinary approach. This article presents a case of impacted canine in a 20-year-old female patient. Impacted canine was aligned by orthodontic traction using a modified eyelet attachment and guided eruption without repeated surgical intervention or tissue damage. In the clinical case discussed, the bonding attachment used was a low-profile Begg bracket containing multiple eyelets for varying the force of traction and also to apply force along the long axis of the tooth. An ideal traction force was applied for the adequate period of time thus minimizing the side effects. This method proved to be efficient in maintaining good periodontal and mucogingival health and thus satisfying both esthetic and function goals.