CT-based retrospective cohort study for the evaluation of mandibular condylar dimensions - A pilot study.

Background: The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a unique structure of the body where the mandible, one of the important facial bones, articulates with the temporal part of the skull bone. Obtaining morphometric dimensions for mandibular condyle is important for performing an accurate pre/postoperative assessment, planning temporomandibular and orthognathic surgeries, and applications in forensic sciences in context to the Indian population, which is presently based on dimensions of Caucasian population from available literature. Several investigators noticed the variation in the craniofacial morphology in different ethnic groups and vary according to age and sex. This study aims to provide the normal dimensions of the mandibular condyle in the Indian population, which would be providing racially specific values for diagnosis, treatment planning of surgeries involving condylar processes such as rigid internal fixation of TMJ region, congenital deformities, and customizing TMJ prosthesis concerning these measurements. Aim of the Study: To measure the change in dimensions of mandibular condyle according to age and sex using computed topographic scan imaging. Objectives of the Study: 1. To measure the dimensions of mandibular condyle. 2. To evaluate any age-related changes in dimensions. of mandibular condyle (intercohort comparison). 3. To evaluate any sex-related changes in dimensions of mandibular condyle (intercohort comparison). Materials and Methods: A retrospective analytical cohort study. Inclusion Criteria: Indian adult males and females aged between 20 and 50 years who underwent facial computed tomography (CT) for any reason (e.g., head injury). Exclusion Criteria: Patients with congenital or acquired dentofacial deformities involving TMJ. Data Collection: By assessing the morphometric dimensions of condyle of mandible using CT scan images. Result/Conclusion: Mean condylar dimensions for each age/sex cohort are established; however, no significant change as per age and sex in condylar dimensions in the Indian population is noted.

The effect of modern devices of alveolar ridge split and expansion in the management of horizontally deficient alveolar ridge for dental implant: A systematic review.

The alveolar ridge split and expansion (ARSE) can be performed using conventional devices (osteotome/chisel) or modern devices (ultrasonographic [USG], motorized ridge expansion [MRE], etc.). The aim of this systematic review was to evaluate the effect of modern devices for ARSE. This review has been registered at PROSPERO under the number CRD42020213264. A systematic search was conducted by two reviewers independently in databases PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Grey Open, Hand search of reference lists of relevant studies, and previously published systematic reviews. The article published until September 2020 were searched for this review. The searches identified 24 eligible studies, twenty-two cohort and two randomized control trial studies. A total of 1287 dental implants were installed in 634 patients with the age range of 17-70 years and a minimum of 3 months of follow-up. Ten articles of USG device and seven of MRE device were finally evaluated for metanalysis. The mean ridge width gain was 3.40 mm (USG device) and 2.83 mm (MRE device). The overall implant survival rate was 98.07%. Mean width gain between USG and MRE devices was significantly different (P < 0.0001, HS). Test of heterogeneity was significant (Q = 88.3877, P < 0.0001, HS) and there was no publication bias (Intercept = 6.6634, P = 0.6142, NS) by Egger's test. The most commonly used devices were USG and MRE. USG is more effective for osteo-mobilization type and MRE device for minimally invasive osteo-condensation.

Polysaccharide nanofibrous scaffolds as a model for in vitro skin tissue regeneration.

Tissue engineering and nanotechnology have advanced a general strategy combining the cellular elements of living tissue with sophisticated functional biocomposites to produce living structures of sufficient size and function at a low cost for clinical relevance. Xylan, a natural polysaccharide was electrospun along with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to produce Xylan/PVA nanofibers for skin tissue engineering. The Xylan/PVA glutaraldehyde (Glu) vapor cross-linked nanofibers were characterized by SEM, FT-IR, tensile testing and water contact angle measurements to analyze the morphology, functional groups, mechanical properties and wettability of the fibers for skin tissue regeneration. The cell-biomaterial interactions were studied by culturing human foreskin fibroblasts on Xylan/PVA Glu vapor cross-linked and Xylan/PVA/Glu blend nanofibrous scaffolds. The observed results showed that the mechanical properties (72 %) and fibroblast proliferation significantly increased up to 23 % (P < 0.05) in 48 h Glu vapor cross-linked nanofibers compared to 24 h Glu vapor cross-linked Xylan/PVA nanofibers. The present study may prove that the natural biodegradable Xylan/PVA nanofibrous scaffolds have good potential for fibroblast adhesion, proliferation and cell matrix interactions relevant for skin tissue regeneration.

ATOM technique: Anatomic reduction using screw-wire Traction for Open reduction and internal fixation of Mandibular fractures.

Various techniques are well documented to obtain anatomic reduction, such as reduction forceps, manual reduction, or a combination of these methods. However, these techniques have inherent drawbacks. We propose a new intra-operative technique for anatomic reduction using screw-wire traction for open reduction and internal fixation of mandibular fractures.

Compliance of postoperative instructions following the surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars.

INTRODUCTION: The way postoperative care instructions are presented by the professional (verbal and/or written) is the key element that influences quality of treatment. Hence, the aim of the present study was planned to assess the patient's compliance with postoperative care instructions given in different forms following the surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients scheduled to undergo surgical extraction of impacted lower third molars under local anesthetic were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Before surgery, basic demographic data about age, gender, deleterious habits were recorded. Group A (verbal postoperative care instructions) and Group B (verbal + pictorial postoperative care instructions) were given with a prescription of medication after the surgical removal of impacted lower third molars. Patient were recalled on 7th postoperative day for suture removal and asked to fill the closed-ended questionnaire. RESULTS: Out of 20 patients in each group, one patient from Group A was eliminated as the patient did not turn for the follow-up visit. Therefore, result was based on 39 patients (19 males and 20 females) of age 28-41 years with a mean of 33.2 years (SD ± 3.3). The significance level was set at P < 0.05. The compliance of patients regarding gargling with lukewarm water and mouth opening exercises was seen more significantly in Group B (Pictorial + Verbal). CONCLUSION: Verbal instructions are inadequate due to difficulty in retention. Hence, a pictorial form of delivering postoperative instructions increases information retention which significantly increases pain relief without extending the analgesic consumption.

Finding a way for airway: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Maxillofacial trauma is complex kind of injury that requires complex treatment, hence it is difficult in selecting the type of intubation technique depending on trauma. With the advent of various technologies and devices, surgeon and anesthetist should select right method of intubation that will benefit patient. METHODS: In a retrospective study, patients of either sex, admitted in Lata Mangeshkar Hospital under Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery unit for treating maxillofacial trauma operated during year 2018 to year 2019 as elective basis were studied. RESULTS: Of 78 patients, the majority (37, 47.4%) were in the 21-30 age group, followed by the young adults 31-40 years age group (19, 24.3%). Mandible fracture was found to be the most common injury in 35 patients (44.3%) followed by fracture zygoma in 26(33.3%) patients and panfacial in eight patients (10.2%). There was frontal bone fracture in three patients (3.8%). Fiberoptic intubation under sedation was carried out in 34 (43.5%) and submental intubation in 20 (25.6%) and nasal intubation with direct visualization of vocal cords in 14 (17.9%) and blind nasal intubation was performed in eight (10.2%). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study suggest that the old concept of securing the airway in difficult situation by tracheostomy should be revised.

Microstructure and properties of nano-fibrous PCL-b-PLLA scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.

Nano-fibrous scaffolds which could potentially mimic the architecture of extracellular matrix (ECM) have been considered a good candidate matrix for cell delivery in tissue engineering applications. In the present study, a semicrystalline diblock copolymer, poly(epsilon-caprolactone)-block-poly(L-lactide) (PCL-b-PLLA), was synthesized and utilized to fabricate nano-fibrous scaffolds via a thermally induced phase separation process. Uniform nano-fibrous networks were created by quenching a PCL-b-PLLA/THF homogenous solution to -20 degrees C or below, followed by further gelation for 2 hours due to the presence of PLLA and PCL microcrystals. However, knot-like structures as well as continuously smooth pellicles appeared among the nano-fibrous network with increasing gelation temperature. DSC analysis indicated that the crystallization of PCL segments was interrupted by rigid PLLA segments, resulting in an amorphous phase at high gelation temperatures. Combining TIPS (thermally induced phase separation) with salt-leaching methods, nano-fibrous architecture and interconnected pore structures (144+/-36 mm in diameter) with a high porosity were created for in vitro culture of chondrocytes. Specific surface area and protein adsorption on the surface of the nano-fibrous scaffold were three times higher than on the surface of the solid-walled scaffold. Chondrocytes cultured on the nano-fibrous scaffold exhibited a spherical condrocyte-like phenotype and secreted more cartilage-like extracellular matrix (ECM) than those cultured on the solid-walled scaffold. Moreover, the protein and DNA contents of cells cultured on the nano-fibrous scaffold were 1.2-1.4 times higher than those on the solid-walled scaffold. Higher expression levels of collagen II and aggrecan mRNA were induced on the nano-fibrous scaffold compared to on the solid-walled scaffold. These findings demonstrated that scaffolds with a nano-fibrous architecture could serve as superior scaffolds for cartilage tissue engineering.

Enhancement of neurite outgrowth using nano-structured scaffolds coupled with laminin.

Cell interactions with scaffolds are important for cell and tissue development in the process of repairing and regeneration of damaged tissue. Scaffolds that mimic extracellular matrix (ECM) surface topography, mechanical stiffness, and chemical composition will be advantageous to promote enhanced cell interactions. Electrospinning can easily produce nano-structured synthetic polymer mats with architecture that structurally resembles the ECM of tissue. Although electrospinning can produce sub-micron fibrous scaffolds, modification of electrospun scaffolds with bioactive molecules is beneficial as this can create an environment that consists of biochemical cues to further promote cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. Incorporation of laminin, a neurite promoting ECM protein, onto the nanofibers is an alternative to further mimic the biochemical properties of the nervous tissue to create a biomimetic scaffold. In this study, we investigated the feasibility to functionalize scaffolds by coupling laminin onto poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) nanofibers. Laminin was successfully added to nanofibers using covalent binding, physical adsorption or blended electrospinning procedures. PC12 cell viability and neurite outgrowth assays confirmed that the functionalized nanofibers were able to enhance axonal extensions. Significantly, compared to covalent immobilization and physical adsorption, blended electrospinning of laminin and synthetic polymer is a facile and efficient method to modify nanofibers for the fabrication of a biomimetic scaffold. Using these functionalization techniques, nanofibers can be effectively modified with laminin for potential use in peripheral nerve regeneration applications.

Chitosan nanofibers from an easily electrospinnable UHMWPEO-doped chitosan solution system.

Conversion of natural biopolymer chitosan into nanofibers through electrospinning has significant usefulness in various biomedical applications, in particular, for constructing a biomimetic and bioactive nanofibrous artificial extracellular matrix for engineering various tissues. Here, we show that introduction of an ultrahigh-molecular-weight poly(ethylene oxide) (UHMWPEO) into aqueous chitosan solutions remarkably enhances the formation of chitosan nanofibrous structure and leads to much lower loading of the water soluble fiber-forming aiding agent of PEO down to 5 wt % as compared to previous high PEO loadings in the electrospun chitosan nanofibers. The excellent electrospinnability of the current formulation renders electrospinning of natural biopolymer chitosan a robust process for large-scale production of practically applicable nanofibrous structures.

Long-term viability of coronary artery smooth muscle cells on poly(L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) nanofibrous scaffold indicates its potential for blood vessel tissue engineering.

Biodegradable polymer nanofibres have been extensively studied as cell culture scaffolds in tissue engineering. However, long-term in vitro studies of cell-nanofibre interactions were rarely reported and successful organ regeneration using tissue engineering techniques may take months (e.g. blood vessel tissue engineering). Understanding the long-term interaction between cells and nanofibrous scaffolds (NFS) is crucial in material selection, design and processing of the tissue engineering scaffolds. In this study, poly(L-lactide-co-epsilon-caprolactone) [P(LLA-CL)] (70:30) copolymer NFS were produced by electrospinning. Porcine coronary artery smooth muscle cells (PCASMCs) were seeded and cultured on the scaffold to evaluate cell-nanofibre interactions for up to 105 days. A favourable interaction between this scaffold and PCASMCs was demonstrated by cell viability assay, scanning electron microscopy, histological staining and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion. Degradation behaviours of the scaffolds with or without PCASMC culture were determined by mechanical testing and gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The results showed that the PCASMCs attached and proliferated well on the P(LLA-CL) NFS. Large amount of ECM protein secretion was observed after 50 days of culture. Multilayers of aligned oriented PCASMCs were formed on the scaffold after two months of in vitro culture. In the degradation study, the PCASMCs were not shown to significantly increase the degradation rate of the scaffolds for up to 105 days of culture. The in vitro degradation time of the scaffold could be as long as eight months by extrapolating the results from GPC. These observations further supported the potential use of the P(LLA-CL) nanofibre in blood vessel tissue engineering.

Lactic acid production by Lactobacillus delbrueckii in a dual reactor system using packed bed biofilm reactor.

AIMS: An integrated dual reactor system for continuous production of lactic acid by Lactobacillus delbrueckii using biofilms developed on reticulated polyurethane foam (PUF) is demonstrated. METHODS AND RESULTS: Lactobacillus delbrueckii was immobilized on PUF, packed in a bioreactor and used in lactic acid fermentation. The rate of lactic acid production was significantly high with a volumetric productivity of 5 g l(-1) h(-1) over extended period of time. When coupled to a bioreactor, the system could be operated as dual reactor for over 1000 h continuously without augmentation of inoculum and no compromise on productivity. CONCLUSIONS: Polyurethane foams offer an excellent support for biofilm formation. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The system was very robust and could be operated for prolonged period at a volumetric productivity of 4-6 g l(-1) h(-1).

Correlating diameter, mechanical and structural properties of poly(l-lactide) fibres from needleless electrospinning.

The development and application of nanofibres requires a thorough understanding of the mechanical properties on a single fibre level including respective modelling tools for precise fibre analysis. This work presents a mechanical and morphological study of poly-l-lactide nanofibres developed by needleless electrospinning. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and micromechanical testing (MMT) were used to characterise the mechanical response of the fibres within a diameter range of 200-1400 nm. Young's moduli E determined by means of both methods are in sound agreement and show a strong increase for thinner fibres below a critical diameter of 800 nm. Similar increasing trends for yield stress and hardening modulus were measured by MMT. Finite element analyses show that the common practice of modelling three-point bending tests with either double supported or double clamped beams is prone to significant bias in the determined elastic properties, and that the latter is a good approximation only for small diameters. Therefore, an analytical formula based on intermediate boundary conditions is proposed that is valid for the whole tested range of fibre diameters, providing a consistently low error in axial Young's modulus below 10%. The analysis of fibre morphology by differential scanning calorimetry and 2D wide-angle X-ray scattering revealed increasing polymer chains alignment in the amorphous phase and higher crystallinity of fibres for decreasing diameter. The combination of these observations with the mechanical characterisation suggests a linear relationship between Young's modulus and both crystallinity and molecular orientation in the amorphous phase. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Fibrous membranes have rapidly growing use in various applications, each of which comes with specific property requirements. However, the development and production of nanofibre membranes with dedicated mechanical properties is challenging, in particular with techniques suitable for industrial scales such as needleless electrospinning. It is therefore a key step to understand the mechanical and structural characteristics of single nanofibres developed in this process, and to this end, the present work presents changes of internal fibre structure and mechanical properties with diameter, based on dedicated models. Special attention was given to the commonly used models for analyzing Young's modulus of single nanofibers in three-point bending tests, which are shown to be prone to large errors, and an improved robust approach is proposed.

Three-dimensional Locking Plate and Conventional Miniplates in the Treatment of Mandibular Anterior Fractures.

CONTEXT: Three-dimensional (3D) locking plates has been designed with the hypothesis that this will overcome the disadvantages of both the systems and also advantages of both systems will be combined for the management of mandibular fractures. AIMS: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of 2-mm 3D locking miniplate in the management of anterior mandibular fracture and to compare it with Champy's miniplate. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A prospective, randomized, clinical trial was carried out in thirty patients who were divided equally in two groups. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Group I and Group II patients were treated with 2-mm 3D locking plates and 2-mm standard miniplates, respectively. They were evaluated according to the outcomes of the study, that is, working time, wound dehiscence, infection, segmental mobility, postoperative occlusion, need for postoperative intermaxillary fixation (IMF), and radiological evaluation of reduction and fixation. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Student's t-test and Mann-Whitney test were used to compare the two systems. The data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Science version 14.0. The P value was taken as significant when <0.05 (confidence interval of 95% was taken). RESULTS: The mean duration of procedure for Group I was found to be 49.33 min, whereas for Group II was 59.67 min. There was significantly greater pain on day 1 and at 1 week in Group II patients. 6.7% (n = 1) of both groups showed incidence of infection. Postoperative stability was adequate in most cases except in one patient (n = 1) of 3D locking system, which was revealed as postoperative occlusal disharmony, unsatisfactory radiological reduction of the fracture fragments, and the segmental mobility. There was no incidence of wound dehiscence, tooth damage, and nerve damage in either group. CONCLUSIONS: The result of the study can conclude that there is no major difference between both systems in terms of treatment outcome.

Evaluation of electrospun PCL/gelatin nanofibrous scaffold for wound healing and layered dermal reconstitution.

The current design requirement for a tissue engineering skin substitute is that of a biodegradable scaffold through which fibroblasts can migrate and populate. This artificial "dermal layer" needs to adhere to and integrate with the wound, which is not always successful for the current artificial dermal analogues available. The high cost of these artificial dermal analogues also makes their application prohibitive both to surgeons and patients. We propose a cost-effective composite consisting of a nanofibrous scaffold directly electrospun onto a polyurethane dressing (Tegaderm, 3M Medical) - which we call the Tegaderm-nanofiber (TG-NF) construct - for dermal wound healing. Cell culture is performed on both sides of the nanofibrous scaffold and tested for fibroblast adhesion and proliferation. It is hoped that these studies will result in a fibroblast-populated three-dimensional dermal analogue that is feasible for layered applications to build up thickness of dermis prior to re-epithelialization. Results obtained in this study suggest that both the TG-NF construct and dual-sided fibroblast-populated nanofiber construct achieved significant cell adhesion, growth and proliferation. This is a successful first step for the nanofiber construct in establishing itself as a suitable three-dimensional scaffold for autogenous fibroblast populations, and providing great potential in the treatment of dermal wounds through layered application.

Nanofibrous scaffold engineering using electrospinning.

Scaffold plays a critical role in tissue engineering where it provides necessary structural support for the cells to accommodate and to guide their growth in the three dimensional space into a specific tissue. Therefore, engineering scaffolds favorable for cell/tissue growth is of great importance and a pre-requisite for scaffold-based tissue engineering. Electrospinning is a versatile method that has been recently adapted in engineering nano-fibrous scaffolds that mimic the structural features of biological extracellular matrix (ECM). It offers many advantages over conventional scaffold methodologies, for example, capable of producing ultra-fine fibers with high porosity, high spatial orientation, high aspect ratio, and high surface area, which are highly required for the initial cell attachment, tissue formation, and continued function. Considering these astonishing merits, this article emphasis on nano-fibrous scaffold engineering by electrospinning.

Production of ultra-fine bioresorbable carbonated hydroxyapatite.

Ionic-substituted hydroxyapatite (HAp) based materials may be a better choice than pure HAp owing to their similarity in chemical composition with biological apatite. The present study reports a process for the production of carbonated hydroxyapatite (CHAp) using microwaves. The CHAp was evaluated for its phase purity, chemical homogeneity, functionality, morphology, and solubility. The CHAp thus obtained was compared with a pure HAp and a biological apatite, which provides quite an interesting insight into the carbonate substitution. The in vitro ionic dissolution rates determined under physiological conditions clearly demonstrate the soluble nature of CHAp compared to HAp. The overall results indicate that the processed CHAp has increased resorption relative to pure HAp and has a chemical composition corresponding to some extent with that of biological apatite.

PCL-PGLA composite tubular scaffold preparation and biocompatibility investigation.

The objective of this paper was to fabricate a biodegradable tubular scaffold for small diameter (d<6 mm) blood vessel tissue engineering. The tube scaffold needed a porous wall for cell attachment, proliferation and tissue regeneration with its degradation. A novel method given in this paper was to coat a porous layer of poly (epsilon-caprolactone) (PCL) on the outside of a poly (glycolic-co-lactic acid) (PGLA with GA:LA=90:10) fiber braided tube to give a PCL-PGLA composite. The PGLA tube was fabricated using a braiding machine by inserting a Teflon tube with the desired diameter in center of the 20 spindles, which are the carriers of PGLA fibers. Changing the diameter of the Teflon tube can vary the inner diameter of a braided PGLA tube. Thermally induced phase separation method was used for PCL solution coating on the surface of the PGLA braided tube. Controlling the polymer concentration, non-solvent addition and quenching temperature generated the pore structures, with pore sizes ranging from 10-30 microm. The fibroblast cells were seeded on the tubular scaffold and cultured in vitro for the biocompatibility investigation. Histology results showed that the fibroblast cells proliferated on the interconnected pore of the PCL porous layer in 1 week.

Influence of microencapsulation method and peptide loading on formulation of poly(lactide-co-glycolide) insulin nanoparticles.

Insulin stability during microencapsulation and subsequent release is essential for retaining its biological activity. Therefore we investigated a novel solid/oil/water anhydrous encapsulation method with a combination of stabilizers for maintaining the integrity of insulin during formulation and delivery. Two methods were used for preparation of nanoparticles, namely water/oil/water solvent evaporation and s/o/w anhydrous encapsulation to study the influence of the microencapsulation method on nanoparticle characteristics such as size and morphology, drug content, encapsulation efficiency, and in vitro and in vivo release profile. Poly (lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) with co-polymer ratio 50:50 was selected to prepare drug-loaded nanoparticles. When nanoparticles were prepared by solvent evaporation higher encapsulation efficiencies could be obtained, e.g. 74 +/- 13 with 5% target loading, whereas with 12% target loading, encapsulation efficiency was 27 +/- 8.6. The s/o/w method has a direct influence on the evaluation parameters where very poor encapsulation efficiencies 11 +/- 6.8 (max) were observed. The presence of stabilizers in the nanoparticles resulted in an increase in particle size but a reduction of encapsulation efficiency. Insulin release rate was comparatively higher for the batches prepared by the w/o/w method containing stabilizers than the s/o/w method. Also the presence of stabilizers resulted in sustained release of insulin resulting in prolonged reduction of blood glucose levels in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. From the in vitro and in vivo studies, it can be concluded that careful selection of processing conditions and combination of stabilizers also result in beneficial effects without compromising the advantages of these delivery systems.

Electrospinning of PLGA/gum tragacanth nanofibers containing tetracycline hydrochloride for periodontal regeneration.

Controlled drug release is a process in which a predetermined amount of drug is released for longer period of time, ranging from days to months, in a controlled manner. In this study, novel drug delivery devices were fabricated via blend electrospinning and coaxial electrospinning using poly lactic glycolic acid (PLGA), gum tragacanth (GT) and tetracycline hydrochloride (TCH) as a hydrophilic model drug in different compositions and their performance as a drug carrier scaffold was evaluated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results showed that fabricated PLGA, blend PLGA/GT and core shell PLGA/GT nanofibers had a smooth and bead-less morphology with the diameter ranging from 180 to 460 nm. Drug release studies showed that both the fraction of GT within blend nanofibers and the core-shell structure can effectively control TCH release rate from the nanofibrous membranes. By incorporation of TCH into core-shell nanofibers, drug release was sustained for 75 days with only 19% of burst release within the first 2h. The prolonged drug release, together with proven biocompatibility, antibacterial and mechanical properties of drug loaded core shell nanofibers make them a promising candidate to be used as drug delivery system for periodontal diseases.

Guided bone regeneration membrane made of polycaprolactone/calcium carbonate composite nano-fibers.

In this study, new type of guided bone regeneration (GBR) membranes were fabricated by polycaprolactone (PCL)/CaCO3 composite nano-fibers with two different PCL to calcium carbonate (CaCO3) ratios (PCL:CaCO3=75:25 wt% and 25:75 wt%). The composite nano-fibers were successfully fabricated by electrospinning method and CaCO3 nano-particles on the surface of nano-fibers were confirmed by energy disperse X-ray (EDX) analysis. In order to achieve mechanical stability of GBR membranes, composite nano-fibers were spun on PCL nano-fibrous membranes which has high tensile strength, i.e., the membranes consist of two layers of functional layer (PCL/CaCO3) and mechanical support layer (PCL). Two different GBR membranes were prepared, i.e., GBR membrane (A)=PCL:CaCO3=75:25 wt%+PCL, GBR membrane (B)=PCL:CaCO3=25:75 wt%+PCL. Osteoblast attachment and proliferation of GBR membrane (A) and (B) were discussed by MTS assay and scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation. As a result, absorbance intensity of GBR membrane (A) and tissue culture polystyrene (TCPS) increased during 5 days seeding time. In contrast, although absorbance intensity of GBR membrane (B) also increased, its value was lower than membrane (A). SEM observation showed that no significant difference in osteoblast attachment manner was seen on GBR membrane (A) and (B). Because of good cell attachment manner, there is a potential to utilize PCL/CaCO3 composite nano-fibers to GBR membranes.