Mechanically Tough and Regenerable Antibacterial Nanofibrillated Cellulose-Based Aerogels for Oil/Water Separation.

Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC)-based aerogels have been widely used for various applications. However, the disadvantages of poor structural stability, low mechanical toughness, and easy contamination by bacteria hinder their large-scale application. In this work, 3-(3'-acrylicacidpropylester)-5,5-dimethyl hydantoin (APDMH) was grafted on oxidized NFC (ONC) to prepare antibacterial poly(APDMH)-g-ONC (PAC). PAC and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI) were chemically cross-linked using 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethox (GPTMS), aiming at constructing a PAC-g-PEI aerogel with multiple network structures. The mechanical behaviors of composite aerogel and oil/water separation performances under different conditions were investigated. PAC-g-PEI aerogel exhibits outstanding fatigue resistance (>50 cycles of compression) and superior elasticity (96.76% height recovery after five compression-release cycles at 50% strain). The obtained superhydrophilic and underwater-oleophobic properties endow the aerogel with excellent oil/water separation performances, achieving a satisfactory separation efficiency of over 99% and flux of over 9500 L·m-2·h-1. Furthermore, the chlorinated aerogel of PAC-g-PEI-Cl shows highly efficient and rechargeable antibacterial properties, can inactivate 6.72-log Escherichia coli and 6.60-log Staphylococcus aureus within 10 min, and can still kill all inoculated bacteria after 50 cycles. In addition, PAC-g-PEI-Cl aerogel can inhibit biofilm formation, making it a promising candidate for highly efficient oil/water separation applications in diverse harsh conditions.

Transparent and ultra-tough PVA/alkaline lignin films with UV shielding and antibacterial functions.

Lignin and its derivatives can be used to make membranes with natural polymer materials for its properties including ultraviolet adsorption, biodegradable, antibacterial, and antioxidant. However, the lignin film has poor transparency due to the dark color, and how to control the proportion of each component to enhance properties is the main research topic. In this study, a polyvinyl alcohol /alkaline lignin (PVA/AL) composite film with excellent UV-shielding and visible-transparent performance successfully prepared by solution casting. By mixing with the N-halamine precursor 3-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (DPDMH), the composite film after chlorination showed superb antibacterial efficacy and could inactivate 6.85 log Escherichia coli (E. coli) and 6.57 log Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) respectively within 5 min of contact. Moreover, the composite film with 5 wt% AL exhibited ultra-high elongation of 449 % and toughness of 92 MJ/m3, and the toughness and malleability was greatly improved. In addition, with the introduction of AL, the composite film could shield 100 % of the UVB (320-275 nm) and UVC (275-200 nm) spectra and most of the UVA (400-320 nm) spectrum. The films prepared in this work are expected to find applications in promising fields such as in packaging materials and ultraviolet shielding.

Glucose-responsive biomimetic nanoreactor in bacterial cellulose hydrogel for antibacterial and hemostatic therapies.

Anti-infections therapy accompanied with effective hemorrhage control is highly urgent in clinics. Herein, a biomimetic nanoreactor encapsulated self-healing hydrogel with glucose-responsive catalytic activity was constructed for synergetic antibacterial defense and hemostasis. A metal-organic frameworks (MOF)-based nanocatalyst loaded with glucose oxidase (GOx) was fabricated and encapsulated in the bacterial cellulose (BC) reinforced hydrogel, while the sustained release of GOx could catalyze the decomposition of glucose for triggering the MOF-mediated catalytic activity to in situ generate OH for bacteria killing. Importantly, this nanozyme-based hydrogel exhibited excellent hemostatic property owing to the enhanced absorption capacity, which provides the essential glucose from blood for triggering the glucose-responsive antibacterial activity simultaneously. Antibacterial tests revealed that the hydrogel exhibited significant antibacterial efficacy and biofilm inhibition ability in the presence of normal blood level of glucose. Such design of biocatalytic hydrogel for synergistic hemostatic and antibacterial application brings new insight for nanozyme-based biomedical therapies.

Nanocatalyst doped bacterial cellulose-based thermosensitive nanogel with biocatalytic function for antibacterial application.

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) for treating bacterial infection is an alternative strategy to overcome the drawbacks such as bacterial resistance of commonly used antibiotics. Nanocatalysts have been proved highly effective in regulating intracellular ROS level due to their intrinsic enzymes-mimicking ability. Herein, we prepared a carbon-based nanozyme doped with copper atoms with peroxidase mimetic activity to catalyze the decomposition of bio-safety dosage of H2O2 to highly reactive OH radicals for antibacterial treatment. Furthermore, we designed the thermo-responsive nanogels consisting of bacterial cellulose nanowhiskers as the carrier of the nanozyme. The obtained nanogels displayed remarkable intelligent response to temperature change with sol-gel transition temperature of ~33 °C and in situ gel forming ability. Moreover, the nanogels exhibited excellent biocompatibility in vitro, along with remarkable antibacterial efficacy which could inactivate 6.36 log of S. aureus and 6.01 log of E. coli in 3 h, respectively. The findings provide a novel strategy for advancing the development of nanocatalysts-based responsive biomaterials for treating bacterial infections.

Development of Inherently Antibacterial, Biodegradable, and Biologically Active Chitosan/Pseudo-Protein Hybrid Hydrogels as Biofunctional Wound Dressings.

Developing a new family of hydrogel-based wound dressings that could have a dual biofunctionality of antibacterial and biological responses is highly desirable. In this study, an inherently effective antibacterial and biodegradable hydrogel dressing without the need for impregnated antibiotics was designed, synthesized, characterized, and examined for its effect on macrophages, which initiated inflammatory activity and activated both NO and TNF-α production for the purpose of achieving a better and faster wound healing. The purposes of this research was to develop a novel family of cationic biodegradable hydrogels based on arginine-based poly(ester urea urethane) (Arg-PEUU) and glycidyl methacrylate-modified chitosan (CS-GMA) that has both inherent antibacterial and bioactive functionality as a wound healing dressing for accelerated healing of contaminated or infected wounds. These hybrid hydrogels present a well-defined three-dimensional microporous network structure and have a high water absorption ability, and their biodegradation is effectively accelerated in the presence of lysozymes. The hemolytic activity test, MTT assay, and live/dead assay of these hybrid hydrogels indicated that they had no cytotoxicity toward red blood cells, NIH-3T3 fibroblast cells, and human vascular endothelial cells, thus corroborating their cytocompatibility. Furthermore, these hybrid hydrogels could elevate the release of both produced NO and TNF-α by stimulating and activating RAW 264.7 macrophages, augmenting their antibacterial biological response. The antibacterial assay of these hybrid hydrogels demonstrated their excellent antibacterial activity without the need for impregnated antibacterial agents. Taken together, this new family of biodegradable, antibacterial, and biologically responsive hybrid hydrogels exhibits great potential as biofunctional antibacterial wound dressing candidates for wound healing.

N-halamine modified multiporous bacterial cellulose with enhanced antibacterial and hemostatic properties.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer with remarkable superiority for fabricating biomaterials. In this study, a multiporous bacterial cellulose (MBC) film was modified with N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAM), and the modified MBC film was imbued with antibacterial properties after chlorination. The dried chlorinated samples showed superb antibacterial efficacy and could inactivate 6.19 log of inoculated S. aureus and 6.29 log of E. coli within 1 min of contact. After releasing active chlorine for 12 h, 3.67 log of S. aureus and 3.97 log of E. coli were inactivated within 30 min of contact. The prepared films displayed high porous and layered structures with a resultant excellent water retention which can be applied as material for wound dressings. In addition, the chlorinated films showed hemostatic ability on wound bleeding and good biocompatibility. The prepared N-halamine functionalized MBC films might have great potential applications as wound dressings.

Novel quaternarized N-halamine chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol nanofibrous membranes as hemostatic materials with excellent antibacterial properties.

The aim of this study was to develop novel nanofibrous membranes based on the quaternary ammonium N-halamine chitosan (CSENDMH) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) for antibacterial and hemostasis wound dressing. To improve the antimicrobial properties of nanofibrous membranes, a new chitosan-quaternary ammonium N-halamine derivative was successfully synthesized, and the structure was analyzed by 1H NMR and 13C NMR, fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and elemental analysis. The morphological and water absorption ability studies showed that the membrane had a uniform bead-free network and high porosity structure like natural extracellular matrix as well as high hydrophilicity. For in vitro evaluation of the hemostatic effect, the membranes showed excellent blood clotting capacity, especially the PVA/CSENDMH membranes. The antimicrobial assay demonstrated excellent antibacterial activity of nanofibrous membranes against both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Furthermore, the cytocompatibility assay results indicated that human fibroblasts could adhere and proliferate on the membranes, thus corroborating their biocompatibility.

Structural insights into conformation of amphiphilic quaternary ammonium chitosans to control fungicidal and anti-biofilm functions.

Fungal biofilm formation is an emerging problem in a wide range of health-related applications. This study aims to design and synthesize amphiphilic quaternary ammonium chitosans (AQACs) that could bind onto fungal biofilms to kill adherent fungal cells, and establish their structural/fungicidal activity relationships. AQACs with different hydrophobic alkyl chain length (C4, C8, and C12) were synthesized by quaternization of 3-bromopropionic acid with the corresponding tertiary amines, followed by reacting with chitosan using the EDC/NHS chemistry. The new AQACs were soluble in water, yet formed self-aggregates in the solution with different sizes. In antifungal tests against free-floating Candida albicans, shorter alkyl chains (C4) in the AQACs resulted in the most potent fungicidal effect. However, in the treatment of Candida biofilms formed on solid surfaces, AQACs with longer alkyl chains (C8 and C12) were much more effective than their shorter chain counterpart (C4). The effects of alkyl chain self-aggregation on the opposite trend in fungicidal and anti-biofilm activities were discussed. All the AQACs showed excellent cytocompatibility with mammalian cells.

One-Step Synthesis of Tunable Zinc-Based Nanohybrids as an Ultrasensitive DNA Signal Amplification Platform.

Herein, we demonstrated a one-step route for the manufacturing of polypyrrole (PPy)/zinc nanohybrids with tunable elemental composition and nanoscale component mixing resolution by using an ultrafast (within tens of seconds) microwave approach for ultrasensitive DNA biosensors. The zinc-based nanoparticles (i.e., MWPPy/ZnO and MWPPy/ZnS) were produced by loading zinc acetate (ZnAc2) on PPy under the electromagnetic environment of a microwave with or without sulfur powder in one pot. Then, the signal amplification platforms were fabricated by modifying the glassy carbon electrode (GCE) with the obtained nanohybrids. It was found that both of the resultant MWPPy/ZnO and MWPPy/ZnS were suitable for ultrasensitive DNA molecule detection of the gastric carcinoma related PIK3CA gene ascribing to their unique hybrid nanostructures and surface characteristics. Experimental results revealed that the proposed GCE/MWPPy/ZnO sensor showed a linear range of 1.0 × 10-10 to 1.0 × 10-13 M. Notably, the GCE/MWPPy/ZnS sensor was endowed with promising DNA hybrid selection with a minimum concentration response of 1.0 × 10-18 M. The corresponding detection limit was, respectively, found to be 2.90 × 10-11 and 7.73 × 10-21 M for MWPPy/ZnO- and MWPPy/ZnS-based biosensors. Furthermore, reliable determination of single-base and two-base mismatched DNA are more attractive, which greatly supported the application of the constructed zinc-based nanohybrids for the detection of single nucleotide polymorphism in genetic diseases, biological infectious pathogens, or warning against bio-warfare agents.

Construction of aerogels based on nanocrystalline cellulose and chitosan for high efficient oil/water separation and water disinfection.

The aim of this study was to develop novel aerogels based on nanocrystalline cellulose (NCC), and chitosan (CS) for oily wastewater treatment. The quaternarized N-halamine siloxane monomer (QHS) was successfully synthesized and hydrolyzed to form quaternarized N-halamine siloxane polymer (PQHS) in the mixture of NCC and CS solution to improve the antibacterial properties of aerogels. The strong hydrophilicity of natural polymers NCC and CS and the microporous structure of aerogel endow the underwater oleophobic property. The applications of the aerogels as filter materials for oil/water separation are studied, and showed high separation efficiency of different types of oil/water mixtures. The presence of N-halamine structures in PQHS makes the aerogels effectively kill bacteria in oily sewage and inhibit the growth of bacteria on the surface of the materials. The properties of exceptional reusability, oil/water separation efficiency, and antibacterial efficacies render the aerogels as promising materials with potential applications in oily wastewater treatment.

Cellulose Acetate Nanofibrous Membranes for Antibacterial Applications.

BACKGROUNDS: N-halamine antibacterial materials have been extensively explored over the past few decades due to their fast inactivation of a broad spectrum of bacterial and rechargeability. Electrospun nanofibers loaded with N-halamines have gained great attention because of their enhanced antibacterial capability induced by the larger specific surface area. The patents on electrospun nanofibers (US20080679694), (CN2015207182871) helped in the method for the preparation of nanofibers. METHODS: In this study, a novel N-halamine precursor, 3-(3'-Chloro-propyl)-5,5-dimethylimidazolidine- 2,4-dione(CPDMH), was synthesized. Antimicrobial electrospun Cellulose Acetate (CA) nanofibers were fabricated through impregnating CPDMH as an antimicrobial agent into CA fibers by the bubble electrospinning. The surface morphologies of CA/CPDMH nanofibrous membranes were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). RESULTS: The chlorinated fibrous membranes (CA/CPDMH-Cl) exhibited effective antimicrobial activity against 100% of S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 within 1 min and 5 min, respectively. The CA/CPDMH-Cl nanofibrous membranes showed good storage stability under the dark and excellent durability towards UVA light exposure. Meanwhile, the release of active chlorine from the chlorinated nanofibrous membranes was stable and safe. Besides, the addition of CPDMH could improve the mechanical property, and chlorination did not obviously affect the strength and elongation of the nanofibrous membranes. CONCLUSION: CPDMH could endow the electrospun CA nanofibers with powerful, durable and regenerable antimicrobial properties. It will provide a continuous and effective method for health-care relative industrial application.

Tailored synthesis of polymer-brush-grafted mesoporous silicas with N-halamine and quaternary ammonium groups for antimicrobial applications.

Antimicrobial mesoporous materials with polymer brushes on the surface were prepared, and their structure and antimicrobial performance investigated. Poly ((3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride) (PAPTMAC) modified mesoporous silica was prepared by a polymer-brush-grafted method through treatment with the initiator 4,4'-azobis (4-cyanovaleric acid) (ACVA) and polymerized with (3-acrylamidopropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (APTMAC). A covalent bond was formed between mesoporous silica and N-halamine precursor; N-H bonds were successfully transformed to N-Cl bonds after chlorination. Morphology and structure of mesoporous silica were affected to some extent after modification. The surface area of the polymerized sample decreased, but was sufficient for further applications. Compare to the original sample, antimicrobial properties of the polymerized samples with quaternary ammonium groups (QAS) increased slightly. After exposure to dilute household bleach, the chlorinated samples showed excellent antimicrobial properties against 100% of S. aureus (ATCC 6538) (7.63 log) and E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895) (7.52 log) within 10 min. The prepared mesoporous silicas with effective antimicrobial properties could be very useful for potential application in water filtration.

Amphiphilic quaternary ammonium chitosan/sodium alginate multilayer coatings kill fungal cells and inhibit fungal biofilm on dental biomaterials.

Formation of fungal biofilms on health care-related materials causes serious clinical consequences. This study reports a novel fungal repelling strategy to control fungal biofilm formation on denture biomaterials through layer-by-layer self-assembly (LBL). Amphiphilic quaternary ammonium chitosans (CS612) were synthesized and used as the antimicrobial positive layer, and sodium alginate (SA) was chosen as the negative layer to construct LBL multilayers on poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)-based denture materials. The presence of LBL multilayers on denture disc was confirmed and characterized by surface zeta potential, water contact angle, AFM, and FT-IR analyses. The multilayer coatings, especially CS612 as the outmost layer, effectively prevented the fungal initial adhesion and biofilm formation. The Candida cells avoided the multilayer coatings and suspended in broth solution instead of forming biofilms, suggesting that the LBL multilayers had fungal repelling effects. The LBL multilayers were biocompatible toward mammalian cells. In stability tests, after immersion in PBS for 4 weeks under constant shaking and repeated brushing with a denture brush for up to 3000 times, the biofilm-controlling effects of the LBL multilayers were not affected, pointing to a novel long-term strategy in controlling fungal biofilms on denture and other related biomaterials.

Cationic polymeric N-halamines bind onto biofilms and inactivate adherent bacteria.

A series of amine-based cationic polymeric N-halamine precursors, poly(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate-co-trimethyl-2-methacryloxyethylammonium chloride)(PMPQ), were synthesized by copolymerizing 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl methacrylate (TMPM) with trimethyl-2-methacryloxyethylammonium chloride (TMAC) at different molar ratios (TMPM:TMAC = 10:90,30:70,50:50,70:30, and 90:10). After chlorine bleach treatment, the TMPM moieties in the new copolymers were transformed into amine-based N-halamines (Cl-PMPQ). The chemical structures of the samples were characterized with 1H NMR, FT-IR, and UV spectra, and the molecular weights were determined by dynamic light scattering (DLS). With lower than 70 mol% of the original TMPM content, the resulting Cl-PMPQ copolymers were soluble in water, and demonstrated potent antibacterial functions against Escherichia coli (E. coli, a representative Gram-negative bacteria) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis, a representative Gram-positive bacteria). E. coli and S. epidermidis were allowed to form biofilms on glass slides. Zeta potential analyses demonstrated that the Cl-PMPQ copolymers rapidly adsorbed onto the preexisting biofilms, and bacterial culturing studies confirmed that the bound Cl-PMPQ provided a total kill of the adherent bacteria in the biofilms. The kinetics of the Cl-PMPQ binding onto the preexisting biofilms were studied with UV analyses. The data fitted well to the bimodal model. The binding kinetic parameters of Cl-PMPQ onto the bacterial biofilms were thus determined.

Cytocompatible quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol) blend film loaded copper for antibacterial application.

Antibacterial quaternized carboxymethyl chitosan/poly(vinyl alcohol)/Cu blend film (QCMCS/PVA/Cu blend film) was prepared by quaternary ammonium salt modified carboxymethyl chitosan (QCMCS), PVA and copper sulfate pentahydrate via the process of solution casting and ion adsorption. The successful preparation of QCMCS was proved by EA, NMR and FTIR, and the degree of quaternization is 71.86%. The QCMCS/PVA/Cu blend film was characterized by SEM, AFM and EDX, and the content of the copper is about 1 wt%. Tensile tests and TGA showed that the mechanical and thermal properties were improved after being loaded with copper ions. By loading with Cu2+, the blend film showed good antibacterial activities. About 98.3% of S. aureus and 99.9% of E. coli could be inactivated within 60 min. The cell cytotoxicity was also studied and the results showed that all the prepared films had acceptable cell viability and biocompatible, which indicates that this blend film has potential applications in packaging and biomedical materials.

Preparation of antimicrobial and hemostatic cotton with modified mesoporous particles for biomedical applications.

N-halamine polymers have been successfully attached surfaces of mesoporous materials. The modified mesoporous materials have been applied on the modification of cotton. Soaking in household bleach, the coated cotton shows good antimicrobial efficacy against S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7. The chlorinated samples could completely inactivate 100% S. aureus within 10 min, and 99.99% E. coli O157:H7 within 30 min. The chlorinated sample had better platelet adhesion and red blood cell cohesion than the control sample. The blood clotting index and fluid absorptive property of the samples enhanced after coating with modified mesoporous materials, indicating that the coated sample can prevent wound infection from bacteria and control hemorrhaging simultaneously. The coating of the modified mesoporous materials and N-halamines on cotton has not affect the bioactivity of cotton in the simulated body fluid. The active chlorine of the coated sample decreased 30% after soaking in the whole blood for 1 h. Considering the good antimicrobial efficacy against microorganisms and hemostasis property in blood control of the prepared materials, they have potentials for biomedical applications in wound dressing.

Antibacterial modification of PET with quaternary ammonium salt and silver particles via electron-beam irradiation.

Quaternary ammonium compound 2-dimethyl-2-hexadecyl-1-methacryloxyethyl ammonium bromide (DEHMA) was synthesized and grafted onto polyester (PET) fibers with acrylic acid (AA) via electron-beam (EB) irradiation process. The grafted fibers were soaked in AgNO3 solution for further improving antibacterial efficiency. SEM, FTIR, EDX, and XPS were used to characterize the treated PET samples. The antibacterial efficacy testing showed the grafted PET samples inactivated all Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Escherichia coli (E. coli O157:H7) in 10min. After coated with silver ions, the antibacterial efficacy of the grafted PET with silver against S. aureus improved significantly. The EB irradiation process only caused a small degree of the breaking strength loss of the grafted PET fabrics which is acceptable in practical application.

Antibacterial mesoporous molecular sieves modified with polymeric N-halamine.

In this research, a new kind of porous N-halamine material with high antibacterial efficacies was prepared. Poly [5,5-dimethyl-3-(3'-triethoxysilylpropyl)-hydantoin] (PSPH), an N-halamine precursor, was synthesized and grafted onto the surface of mesoporous molecular sieves (SBA-15). The mesoporous molecular sieves modified with the N-halamine polymer could be rendered biocidal upon exposure to dilute household bleach. The modified mesoporous molecular sieves were characterized by SEM, TEM, FTIR, XPS, TGA, XRD and BET analysis. It was found that the PSPH has been successfully grafted on the surface of mesoporous molecular sieves, and the morphology and structure of the modified mesoporous molecular sieves were slightly affected. The N-halamine modified mesoporous molecular sieves showed excellent antibacterial property, and inactivated 100% of S. aureus and E. coli O157:H7 with 8.05 and 7.92 log reductions within 1min of contact, respectively. The modified SBA-15 with high-antibacterial efficiency has potential application in water treatment and biomaterials areas.

Synthesis and characterization of biocompatible antimicrobial N-halamine-functionalized titanium dioxide core-shell nanoparticles.

As one of the most powerful biocides, N-halamine based antimicrobial materials have attracted much interest due to their non-toxicity, rechargeability, and rapid inactivation against a broad range of microorganisms. In this study, novel titanium dioxide-ADMH core-shell nanoparticles [TiO2@poly (ADMH-co-MMA) NPs] were prepared via miniemulsion polymerization using 3-allyl-5,5-dimethylhydantoin (ADMH) and methyl methacrylate (MMA) with nano-TiO2. The produced nanoparticles were characterized by FT-IR, TEM, TGA, and XPS. The UV stability of N-halamine nanoparticles has been improved with the addition of titanium dioxide. After chlorination treatment by sodium hypochlorite, biocidal efficacies of the chlorinated nanoparticles against S. aureus (ATCC 6538) and E. coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895) were determined. The nanoparticles showed excellent antimicrobial properties against bacteria within brief contact time. In addition, in vitro cell cytocompatibility tests showed that the antibacterial nanoparticles had good biocompatibility.

Characterization and Mechanism for the Protection of Photolytic Decomposition of N-Halamine Siloxane Coatings by Titanium Dioxide.

N-Halamine antibacterial materials have superior inactivation activities due to oxidative chlorine species. However, N-Cl bonds and bonds between N-halamine and substrates often decompose rapidly under UV irradiation, leading to unrecoverable loss of antimicrobial activity. In this study, titanium dioxide was covalently bonded onto N-halamine siloxane poly[5,5-dimethyl-3-(3'-triethoxysilylpropyl)hydantoin] (PSPH) via a sol-gel process. Experimental testing of the chlorinated cotton fabrics treated with TiO2/PSPH demonstrated that the residual oxidative chlorine in cotton-TiO2/PSPH-Cl was still effective for inactivating bacteria after 50 washing cycles and under UV light irradiation for 24 h. Quantum mechanical calculations found that TiO2 improves the UV stability of the PSPH-Cl system by increasing the activation barrier of the C-Si scission reaction responsible for the loss of the biocidal hydantoin moiety. SEM, XPS and FTIR spectra were used to characterize the coated cotton samples. Cotton-TiO2/PSPH-Cl samples exhibited good antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538) and Escherichia coli O157:H7 (ATCC 43895). The storage stability and washing stability of treated cotton fabrics were also investigated.