[Jaw osteonecrosis induced by oral biphosphonates: 12 cases]. / Ostéonécroses des mâchoires induites par les biphosphonates oraux: 12 cas.

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of jaw osteonecrosis induced by oral or intravenous biphosphonates (BP) has been increasing. Two hundred cases of jaw osteonecrosis induced by oral BP (JONOBP) were reported, with an incidence of 4 % and a prevalence of 1/952. We report 12 cases of JONOBP observed from January 2007 to January 2009. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A pluridisciplinary committee including odontologists, stomatologists, and maxillofacial surgeons from two Paris hospitals was asked to manage patients treated by BP. Twelve patients presenting with JONOBP were included from January 2007 to January 2009. For each of these patients, age, sex, associated co-morbidities, any triggering factor, previous or current combination treatments, the type of BP used, its initial indication, dosage, delay before onset of JONOBP, and delay between first clinical signs and diagnosis were studied. JONOBP localization, stage (American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons [AAOMS] classification), clinical and radiological signs, anatomopathological and bacteriological examinations (when performed) were documented. The treatment and evolution were described. RESULTS: Ten women and two men, mean age 65 years (36 to 82 years), were included. BP were taken orally once a week or daily. The mean duration of BP exposure was 39.6±2,4 months (19 to 58 months). The indication for BP was prevention or treatment of osteoporosis in 11 cases and breast with bone metastases in one case. Tooth extraction was the triggering factor in nine cases. The premolar and molar mandibular area was the most often affected. Corticosteroid therapy was combined to BP in half of the cases. There were no clinical, radiological, and histological specific signs. BP treatment was stopped in all patients. Nine patients underwent surgery. Evolution was favorable for nine patients. Six patients were cured, on average 3.8 months after beginning management (one to nine months). Three male patients improved. Three female patients were lost to follow-up. Alendronate was the most frequently implicated (six cases) and risedronate (five cases). Five patients presented with diagnosed or suspected auto-immune conditions. DISCUSSION: The duration of exposure to BP was superior to three years in most cases. The triggering factor was tooth extraction. The mean diagnostic delay was five months. There were more stage 2 and 3 patients, according to the AAOMS classification. They were the most frequent, probably because of the higher number of co-morbidities, especially corticosteroid intake. Patient management complied to Afssaps and AAOMS recommendations. The evolution was favorable for all managed patients.

[Malakoplakia of the submandibular gland in a renal transplant patient]. / Malakoplakie de la glande sous-mandibulaire chez un patient transplanté rénal.

INTRODUCTION: Malakoplakia (MP) is a rare granulomatous disease, usually occurring in immunocompromised patients, linked to Escherichia coli infection. The lesions are usually located in the genitourinary tract, but there is a great variability in the topography and the clinical presentation. CASE REPORT: A 70-year-old diabetic kidney transplant patient under immunosuppressive treatment presented with a voluminous submandibular chronic lesion, involving the skin, associated with a burgeoning lesion of the oral mucosa. Histological examination of biopsies concluded to MP and bacteriological samples were positive for E. coli. Antibiotic treatment allowed for the regression of the lesion before surgical removal. Histological examination of resected material confirmed the diagnosis of invasive MP of the submandibular gland. DISCUSSION: The diagnosis of MP relies on histological examination, showing the presence of von Hansemann's cells and Michaelis- Gutmann bodies. The treatment is based on active antibiotics targeted against intracellular bacteria, possibly associated with surgery. We report the first case of MP involving the submandibular gland.

[Mandibular fractures: epidemiology, therapeutic management, and complications in a series of 563 cases]. / Fractures de la mandibule: épidémiologie, prise en charge thérapeutique et complications d'une série de 563 cas.

INTRODUCTION: The Paris urban and suburban area (Ile-de-France) has the leading regional population in France. This population has specific characteristics. This study concerns mandibular fractures. MATERIAL AND METHOD: A retrospective epidemiologic, clinical, radiographical and therapeutic analysis is conducted with a series of 563 patients with mandibular fracture treated at the Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, in Paris, from 1998 to 2000. RESULTS: Mandibular fracture was generally observed in young men, 40% of whom had poor oral hygiene. The brawls were the dominant etiology (57%) followed by road accidents (12%). The most frequent unifocal fractures were condylar fractures (32%) and angle fractures (32%). The most frequent bifocal mandibular fracture associated angle and symphysis fractures (32%). Osteosynthesis was performed for 73% of patients, including 30% with associated maxillary locking. Complications occurred in 4.8% of the studied cases. DISCUSSION: Despite the increase in traffic, the incidence of road injuries has declined. The first leading and progressing cause of mandibular fractures is brawls. Surgical treatment generally consists in fixation of the bone fracture. Maxillary locking is still associated in 33% of patients, but with a 50% shorter duration. Complications routinely arise because of poor bad oral hygiene.