In Vitro Comparison of Apically Extruded Debris during Root Canal Preparation of Mandibular Premolars with Manual and Rotary Instruments.

Background and aims. During root canal preparation, debris extruded beyond the apical foramen may result in periapical inflammation and postoperative pain. To date no root canal preparation method has been developed that extrudes no periapical debris. The purpose of this study was to identify a system leading to minimal extrusion of debris from the apical foramen. The study was conducted to comparatively evaluate the amount of apical extrusion of debris during root canal preparation using hand ProTaper and GT rotary and RaCe rotary instruments using crown-down technique. Materials and methods. Ninety freshly extracted human single-rooted mandibular premolars were equally assigned to three groups (n=30). The root canals were instrumented using hand ProTaper, GT rotary and RaCe rotary systems. Debris and irrigant extruded from the apical foramen were collected into vials. The mean weight of the remaining debris was calculated for each group and subjected to statistical analysis. Results. ANOVA was used to compare the mean dry weights of the debris extruded in the three groups, followedby post hoc Tukey tests for multiple comparisons the between groups. Highly significant differences were found in the amount of debris extruded among all the groups (P<0.001). The ProTaper group exhibited the highest mean debris weight (0.8293±0.05433 mg) and the RaCe system exhibited the lowest mean debris weight (0.1280±0.01606 mg). Conclusion. All the systems tested resulted in apical extrusion of debris. However, the hand ProTaper files extruded a significantly higher amount of debris than GT and RaCe systems.

Stress distribution of endodontically treated teeth with titanium alloy post and carbon fiber post with different alveolar bone height: A three-dimensional finite element analysis.

OBJECTIVE: A three-dimensional (3D) finite element analysis (FEA) on the stress distribution of endodontically treated teeth with titanium alloy post and carbon fiber post with different alveolar bone height. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 3D model was fabricated using software to represent an endodontically treated mandibular second premolar with post and restored with a full ceramic crown restoration, which was then analyzed using FEA using FEA ANSYS Workbench V13.0 (ANSYS Inc., Canonsburg, Pennsylvania, U.S.A) software. RESULTS: The FEA showed the maximum stresses of 137.43 Mpa in dentin with alveolar bone height of 4 mm when the titanium post was used, 138.48 Mpa when carbon fiber post was used as compared to 105.91 Mpa in the model with alveolar bone height of 2 mm from the cement enamel junction (CEJ) when the titanium post was used and 107.37 Mpa when the carbon fiber post was used. CONCLUSIONS: Stress was observed more in alveolar bone height level of 4 mm from CEJ than 2 mm from CEJ. Stresses in the dentin were almost similar when the carbon fiber post was compared to titanium post. However, stresses in the post and the cement were much higher when titanium post was used as compared to carbon fiber post.

An Epidemiological Study on the Selection, Usage and Disposal of Dental Burs among the Dental Practioner's.

AIM: The purpose of this cross sectional study was to understand and evaluate local practioner's knowledge on dental bur selection, its usage, sterilization procedures undertaken and the method of disposal of dental burs in restorative procedures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A Questionnaire proforma was prepared with each question having 4 answers. A total of 20 questions were framed and were sub-divided in to 3 categories namely selection, usage sterilization and disposal. These Questionnaire were sent to all the local practioner's by mail and to ensure a high response rate as they were followed up by telephone calls. The results were analyzed statistically and were represented in the form of percentage. RESULTS: A total 131 out of 150 practioner's answered the questions, a response rate of 87%. Most of the practioner's preferred diamonds (75%) over tungsten carbide (15%) burs. most of the dentists used burs till they were worn out (85%) and many of the dentists agreed that the cutting efficiency of bur decreased with usage (33%). Clinicians usually sterilized burs either once daily (35%) or for every patient (35%). Almost every practioner discarded their worn out burs into dustbin (100%). CONCLUSION: From the survey we came to know the operators attitude towards one group of burs in terms of cutting efficiency. In terms of cutting efficiency diamond burs predominated the choice irrespective of the grit size. Burs were used repeatedly till they were worn out and minimal coolant was used during tooth preparation and believed that it didn't have any effect on the cutting efficiency.

Problems faced by complete denture-wearing elderly people living in jammu district.

CONTEXT: Poor oral health is increasing dramatically among old people especially those living in rural and remote areas. Various factors such as low education background, low income, poor living conditions, unhealthy lifestyle, inadequate oral hygiene and tobacco use lead to poor oral health among older people which in turn lead to risks to their general health. The older people especially from rural areas are apprehensive about seeing a dentist and do not visit them regularly. This may lead to various problems which may have a detrimental influence on their quality of life. AIM: To know the problems faced by complete denture wearers in rural areas in Jammu district. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty patients from rural area Bishna, initially treated with a complete denture in the maxilla or mandibles were examined. The data were collected with the help of a questionnaire. RESULTS: The results revealed that majority of respondents were in the age - group of 65-70 y. Majority of respondents complained of "difficulty chewing", "sore spots", "painful and swollen gums". Majority of respondents had difficulty in speech, it was difficult for them to interact and communicate with their dentures on. Most of the respondents had lost confidence and had low self esteem. Clinical observations revealed that the commonest condition associated with denture wearing was Oral Stomatitis/ Burning mouth Syndrome, Superimposed infection and Angular cheilitis. CONCLUSION: Older people should Communicate and visit dentists, regularly, so that the dentists can adjust the treatment and pace according to their needs. Behavioural therapy techniques can make dental visits relatively anxiety and pain-free.

Cleidocranial dysplasia: a case report illustrating diagnostic clinical and radiological findings.

Cleidocranial dysplasia (CCD) is a rare congenital defect, primarily affecting bones, undergoing intramembranous ossification. CCD presents with skeletal defects of several bones, the most striking feature of which are partial or complete absence of clavicles, late fontanels closure, and presence of open skull sutures and multiple wormian bones. These patients may be first noticed by the dentist because of the aesthetic problems or delayed eruption of teeth experienced by the patient. Here, we report a typical case of CCD in a 15-year-old female who had classical diagnostic feature of this syndrome.

A Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Resin based Sealers on Retention of Crown Cemented with Three Types of Cement - An In Vitro Study.

AIM: In an effort to control postoperative sensitivity, dentin sealers are being applied following crown preparations, with little knowledge of how crown retention might be affected. A previous study demonstrated no adverse effect when using a gluteraldehyde-based sealer, and existing studies have shown conflicting results for resin-based products. This study determined the retention of the casting cemented with three types of cement, with and without use of resin sealers and it determined the mode of failure. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Extracted human molars (n=60) were prepared with a flat occlusal, 20-degree taper, and 4-mm axial length. The axial surface area of each preparation was determined and specimens were distributed equally among groups (n=10). A single-bottle adhesive system (one step single bottle adhesive system) was used to seal dentin, following tooth preparation. Sealers were not used on the control specimens. The test castings were prepared by using Ni-Cr alloy for each specimen and they were cemented with a seating force of 20 Kg by using either Zinc Phosphate (Harvard Cement), Glass Ionomer (GC luting and lining cement,GC America Inc.) and modified-resin cement (RelyXTMLuting2). Specimens were thermocycled for one month and were then removed along the path of insertion by using a Universal Testing Machine at 0.5 mm/min. A single-factor ANOVA was used with a p value of .05. The nature of failure was recorded and the data was analyzed by using Chi-square test. RESULTS: Mean dislodgement stress for Zinc phosphate (Group A) was 24.55±1.0 KgF and that for zinc phosphate with sealer (Group D) was 14.65±0.8 KgF. For glass ionomer (Group B) without sealer, the mean value was 32.0±1.0 KgF and mean value for glass ionomer with sealer (Group E) was 37.90±1.0 KgF. The mean value for modified resin cement (Group C) was 44.3±1.0KgF and that for modified resins with sealer (Group F) was 57.2±1.2 KgF. The tooth failed before casting dislodgement in 8 to 10 specimens cemented with modified-resin cement. CONCLUSION: Resin sealer decreased casting retentive stress by 46% when it was used with Zinc phosphate. However, sealer use resulted in 60% increased retention when it was used with Glass ionomer cement. The modified-resin cement produced the highest mean dislodgement stress, which nearly always exceeded the strength of the tooth.

Factors promoting undergraduate students to choose orthodontics as future carrier in a dental college in Udaipur city, Rajasthan

Aim: The Objective of the present study is to explore factors promoting undergraduate students to choose orthodontics as future carrier. Material and Methods: The present study is cross-sectional, descriptive questionnaire study. The study is conducted in a private dental college in Udaipur city, Rajasthan. The study subjects were from final year and Internship students as these has proper knowledge about all the specialties and looking forward to choose the appropriate field for further studies. The questionnaire was carefully designed to maximize the response rate and minimize missing data. Results: Majority of study participants {168 (89%)} were above 20 years of age. 104 (55%) of study participants were females. Love and passion for orthodontics is the main promoting factor for 24(27%) of study participants to choose this speciality. Conclusions: It has been concluded that orthodontics is one of popular branch among undergraduate student for further studies. Passion and affection for orthodontics promoted undergraduate student to choose this branch for further study.

Knowledge and attitude towards orthodontic treatment among adolescent patients visiting a private dental clinic in Udaipur City, Rajasthan: a cross-sectional descriptive study

Aim: Present study is conducted to put some light on the knowledge and attitude of adolescents coming to private dental clinic Material and Methods: The present study was conducted on adolescent subjects visiting a private dental clinic for various reasons. The study was conducted in May- June 2017. In these 2 months out of total patients a total of 342 adolescents had visited to the clinic. Out of which 293 adolescents had given there informed consent were included in the study. A structured close ended questionnaire was prepared to check the Knowledge and attitude of the study participants. Results: According to majority of study participants {91 (31%)} knows that Orthodontist does treatment of gums.Most of the study participants {106 (37%)} had neutral attitude that Orthodontic treatment really improves looks of a person. According to majority of them {192 (66%)} person with irregularly arranged teeth should undergo Orthodontic treatment. Conclusions: It has been concluded that patients visiting to the dental clinic had low knowledge regarding the Orthodontic treatment and fair attitude towards it.