Impact of platelet-rich fibrin on mandibular third molar surgery recovery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The present study investigated and evaluated the efficacy and safety of platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in patients during bilateral mandibular third molars extraction by systematic review and meta-analysis. METHODS: The PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases were retrieved, and the effect of PRF on the healing process of the alveolar socket after surgical extraction of the mandibular third molars was evaluated by meta-analysis. The postoperative pain, swelling, trismus, osteoblastic activity, and soft tissue healing were assessed, and the incidence of alveolar osteitis, weighted mean difference (WMD)/standard mean difference (SMD), the risk ratio (RR), and the 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated. RESULTS: The current results showed that the local application of PRF during lower third molar extraction prevented postoperative complications. Subsequently, the pain (SMD = - 0.53, 95% CI: - 1.02--0.05, Pheterogeneity = 0.001, I2 = 75.7%) and swelling (WMD = - 0.55, 95% CI: - 1.08--0.01, Pheterogeneity = 0.573, I2 = 0) were relieved and the incidence of alveolar osteitis was reduced (RR = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.16-0.75, Pheterogeneity = 0.597, I2 = 0%). However, no significant difference was observed in trismus, osteoblastic activity, and soft tissue healing between the PRF and non-PRF groups. CONCLUSION: The current study confirms that PRF only reduces some of the postoperative complications but does not prevent all the postoperative complications. PRF significantly relieved the pain and swelling and reduced the incidence of alveolar osteitis after the extraction of an impacted lower third molar.

Epidemiological characteristics and influential factors of hand, foot, and mouth disease reinfection in Wuxi, China, 2008-2016.

BACKGROUND: Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a viral disease caused by human enteroviruses. Although HFMD reinfection is common, studies investigating this phenomenon are insufficient. METHODS: The present study focused on HFMD reinfection in Wuxi from 2008 to 2016 using surveillance system data. RESULTS: Of 107,677 cases included in the study, 6470 cases were classified as reinfections. The overall reinfection rate was 6.01% (6.37% male and 5.48% female patients), which decreased with increasing age (χ2 = 1125.477, p < 0.001). The rate was 6.17 and 5.79% in urban and rural areas, respectively, and 7.83 and 5.98% of the cases were severe and mild, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that male sex, younger age, residence in an urban area, and severe disease were risk factors for HFMD reinfection. The case-severity rate in secondary infection cases was lower than that in non-reinfection cases (odds ratio 0.675, 95% confidence interval 0.526-0.866). CONCLUSIONS: Boys younger than 4 years of age living in urban areas were more prone to reinfection. Specific health education and intervention should be developed to protect these susceptible populations.

PEI-Fe3O4 Nanoparticles for Human Amniotic Epithelial Cells Labeling

Objective To label human amniotic epithelial cells(hAECs) by using PEI-Fe3O4 nanoparticles. Methods The PEI-Fe3O4 nanoparticles were characterized by using transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering. The primary cultured hAECs were labeled with the nanoparticles,and the labeling efficiency was evaluated by Prussian blue staining. The cell survival rate and viability were tested by using placenta blue staining and CCK-8 assay,respectively. Results The PEI-Fe3O4 nanoparticles were compact spheres with an average particle size of 13 nm,a hydrodynamic radius of 17.56 nm,and a zeta potential of+34.5 mV. The labeling efficiency of the nanoparticles on hAECs reached 91% when the concentrations were greater than 20 µg/ml. When the concentrations of nanoparticles were at 50 µg/ml(t=16.37,P<0.0001;t=10.39,P<0.0001) and 100 µg/ml(t=29.89,P<0.0001;t=16.86,P<0.0001),the cell survival rates and cell viabilities were significantly reduced versus controls. Conclusion The PEI-Fe3O4 nanoparticles can be used for labeling hAECs without obvious cytotoxicity at its working concentration.

Förster Resonance Energy Transfer Switchable Self-Assembled Micellar Nanoprobe: Ratiometric Fluorescent Trapping of Endogenous H2S Generation via Fluvastatin-Stimulated Upregulation.

H2S produced in small amounts by mammalian cells has been identified in mediating biological signaling functions. However, the in situ trapping of endogenous H2S generation is still handicapped by a lack of straightforward methods with high selectivity and fast response. Here, we encapsulate a semi-cyanine-BODIPY hybrid dye (BODInD-Cl) and its complementary energy donor (BODIPY1) into the hydrophobic interior of an amphiphilic copolymer (mPEG-DSPE), especially for building up a ratiometric fluorescent H2S nanoprobe with extraordinarily fast response. A remarkable red-shift in the absorption band with a gap of 200 nm in the H2S response can efficiently switch off the Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) from BODIPY1 to BODInD-Cl, subsequently recovering the donor fluorescence. Impressively, both the interior hydrophobicity of supramolecular micelles and electron-withdrawing nature of indolium unit in BODInD-Cl can sharply increase aromatic nucleophilic substitution with H2S. The ratiometric strategy based on the unique self-assembled micellar aggregate NanoBODIPY achieves an extremely fast response, enabling in situ imaging of endogenous H2S production and mapping its physiological and pathological consequences. Moreover, the amphiphilic copolymer renders the micellar assembly biocompatible and soluble in aqueous solution. The established FRET-switchable macromolecular envelope around BODInD-Cl and BODIPY1 enables cellular uptake, and makes a breakthrough in the trapping of endogenous H2S generation within raw264.7 macrophages upon stimulation with fluvastatin. This study manifests that cystathione γ-lyase (CSE) upregulation contributes to endogenous H2S generation in fluvastatin-stimulated macrophages, along with a correlation between CSE/H2S and activating Akt signaling pathway.

Eagle syndrome: A rare neuropathic disorder affecting head and neck.

To investigate the clinical characteristics of Eagle syndrome (ES) and evaluate psychological distress of the patients. Ten cases of ES were enrolled, clinical characteristics and management were analyzed. Psychological disorders of the patients were assessed by the test of self-rating anxiety scale (SAS) and self-rating depression scale (SDS). There were 8 females and 2 males varying from 34 to 56 years with a mean age of 44.86 ± 8.38 years. The main complaints included foreign body sensation of pharynx, odynophagia, vertigo with turning of the head-neck, pain of anterolateral neck, and toothache. Three cases were right-side affected, 6 cases were left-sided and 1 case was bilateral. Radiographic examination showed the elongated styloid process of bilateral in all cases, however, hypertrophy, improper inclination, abnormal angulation of styloid process and more complete calcification of stylohoid ligament of the complained side were observed compared to the opposite side. Eight cases suffered from anxiety and/or depression. A surgical intervention was carried out on 6 patients to resect the elongated styloid process, the symptoms and mental distress disappeared after the operation and no recurrence was found in their follow-ups. Meticulous interrogation of illness history, proper examination, and radiological studies may be valuable in diagnostic confirmation of ES. It is the hyperostosis, abnormal angulation of the styloid process rather than the simple elongation which is more likely to be attributed to the development of ES. Psychological disorders in ES patients were observed in our study and should be paid more attention in the future research.

Neurological impairment is crucial for tire rubber-derived contaminant 6PPDQ-induced acute toxicity to rainbow trout.

N-(1,3-dimethylbutyl)-N'-phenyl-p-phenylenediamine quinone (6PPDQ) has attracted significant attention due to its highly acute lethality to sensitive salmonids. However, studies investigating the mechanisms underlying its acute toxicity have been lacking. In this work, we demonstrated the sensitivity of rainbow trout to 6PPDQ-induced mortality. Moribund trout exhibited significantly higher brain concentrations of 6PPDQ compared to surviving trout. In an in vitro model using human brain microvascular endothelial cells, 6PPDQ can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and enhance blood-brain barrier permeability without compromising cell viability. The time spent in the top of the tank increased with rising 6PPDQ concentrations, as indicated by locomotion behavior tests. Furthermore, 6PPDQ influenced neurotransmitter levels and mRNA expression of neurotransmission-related genes in the brain and exhibited strong binding affinity to target neurotransmission-related proteins using computational simulations. The integrated biomarker response value associated with neurotoxicity showed a positive linear correlation with trout mortality. These findings significantly contribute to filling the knowledge gap between neurological impairments and apical outcomes, including behavioral effects and mortality, induced by 6PPDQ.

Novel passive sampling device for measuring sediment-water diffusion fluxes of hydrophobic organic chemicals.

Molecular diffusion across the sediment-water interface, as one of the key geochemical processes, dictates whether a sediment is a source or sink of chemicals, providing useful data in designing remedial actions. Despite ample previous efforts in quantifying sediment-water diffusion fluxes, the resulting methods are largely unsatisfactory. Herein, we introduce a novel passive sampling device capable of measuring vertical profiles of chemical concentrations near the sediment-water interface, from which diffusion fluxes can be calculated based on a model that we developed. In laboratory testing, diffusion fluxes (0.032-310 ng m(-2) d(-1)) of dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and its metabolites obtained from the present sampling device were consistent with those (0.38-610 ng m(-2) d(-1)) determined by using a conventional active sampling method, solid-phase extraction/liquid-liquid extraction. Field deployment of the sampling device yielded individual diffusion fluxes of p,p'-DDD, p,p'-DDE, p,p'-DDMU, o,p'-DDMU, p,p'-DDNU, and p,p'-DBP in the range of 5.9-150 ng m(-2) d(-1), which were comparable to those (5.5-85 ng m(-2) d(-1)) obtained with a benthic chamber. Moreover, diffusion fluxes of p,p'-DDT and o,p'-DDT obtained with the sampling device were negative; i.e., the sediment is acting as a sink for these chemicals, while that could not be found using the benthic chamber. Thus, the passive sampling device can provide better information about the movement of chemicals through the sediment and overlying water for the choice of remedial strategies.

[Differential proteomic analysis of rat hepatic stellate cells treated by oxymatrine liposomes using two-dimensional electrophoresis].

OBJECTIVE: To analyze differentially expressed proteins of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) treated with oxymatrine (OMT) liposomes, thus further exploring the molecular mechanism of OMT liposomes for treating liver fibrosis. METHODS: A rat model of CCl4 induced chronic liver fibrosis was established. HSCs were perfusion isolated from modeled SD rats and cultured in vitro . Passage 2 HSCs were divided into the model group (Group A), the OMT-liposome-treated group (Group B), and the liposome-treated control group (Group C). HSCs from normal rats were taken as the normal control group (Group D). The total proteins of HSCs cells were extracted from Group B and D after 7 days of treatment, and separated with isoelectrofocusing two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE). A 2-DE system was established to analyze the differences in the protein profile between Group B and Group C. Tow protein dots with most obvious difference were selected to determine the structures and functions of different proteins using peptide mass fingerprinting (PMF). RESULTS: (1) The total number bf proteins decreased after treated with OMT liposomes, with 864 spots before treatment and 756 spots after treatment, and the matching rate was 63%. (2) According to 2-DE results, 10 differential protein spots were found by image analysis of magnifying images in local regions. (3) Two most differently expressed proteins were identified to be ATM (46. 236 kD) and Miz1 (54. 051 kD) by PMF and SWISS-PROT protein database retrieval. CONCLUSION: Action of OMT liposomes on HSCs of rats with chronic liver fibrosis caused different protein expressions, which might be involved in the signaling pathways of inducing the apoptosis of HSCs.

Changes in bone density and cyst volume after marsupialization of mandibular odontogenic keratocysts (keratocystic odontogenic tumors).

PURPOSE: To evaluate bone formation after marsupialization of odontogenic keratocysts (keratocystic odontogenic tumors) of the mandible. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A total of 53 patients with mandibular odontogenic keratocysts underwent marsupialization. Clinical and radiographic examinations were done at 1, 3, and 6 months postoperatively. The bone density of the cyst site was measured on the panoramic radiographs using the Digora. The volume of the cyst was measured by injection of saline solution into the cyst cavity. Student t test and Spearman's rank correlation were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS: Healing was uneventful in all patients. The diameter of the cysts was 4.1 to 11.0 cm (average 5.4). The panoramic radiographs showed a continuous increase in bone density of the cystic area, with a 22.42% increase at 1 month, 46.07% at 3 months, and 64.69% at 6 months postoperatively compared with the preoperative values. The decrease in cyst volume was 19.05% at 1 month, 55.62% at 3 months, and 79.67% at 6 months postoperatively. The increase in bone density and decrease in cyst volume were more significant in the first 3 months than in second 3 months (P < .01). The increase in bone density correlated inversely with the decrease in the cyst volume (P < .01). CONCLUSION: Bone regeneration can occur more rapidly in large mandibular odontogenic keratocysts after marsupialization with drainage by a cyst plug. After 3 months, secondary enucleation of the cyst can be performed.

Ratiometric fluorescence detection of sulfide ions based on lanthanide coordination polymer using guanosine diphosphate as ligand.

The efficiency of energy transfer from guanine nucleotide to terbium ion (Tb3+) is affected by the phosphate group significantly. Compared with the biomolecules 5'-GMP (guanosine monophosphate), guanosine diphosphate (GDP) exhibits better sensitize ability to Tb3+ ions luminescence. Assisted with the carboxycoumarin ligand, we synthesized a more stable optical Coumarin@GDP-Tb polymer with the characteristic emission peaks located on 440 nm and 545 nm in this work. The Coumarin@GDP-Tb polymer is not only rich in metal binding sites, but also maintains a moderate ionic binding force, which helps metal ions to bind or leave it easily. Experiment result shows that Coumarin@GDP-Tb polymer has the appropriate binding force for Fe2+ ions, which can be destroyed by sulfur ions (S2-) as the formation of FeS precipitation. Based on this, Coumarin@GDP-Tb was designed as the ratio fluorescence probe for sulfur ions detection, where the fluorescence at 545 nm can be selectively quenched by Fe2+ ions, while that at 440 nm was unaffected, in the presence of S2- ions, the quenched fluorescence can be recovered remarkably. With the increasing S2- ions from 0.1-45 µM, the ratio of fluorescence intensity at 545 nm to 440 nm (F545/F440) is linear to S2- concentration, and the detection limit of S2- was calculated to be 0.073 µM. Contrast to those fluorescence probes with single wavelength emission, Coumarin@GDP-Tb displays a comparable sensitivity, the introduced self-adjust wavelength improved the detection accuracy efficiently. The above 98.1 % recovery rates of S2- ions in the actual water sample demonstrated the practicability of Coumarin@GDP-Tb fluorescence probe.

Assessment of Temperature-Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease Association and Its Variability across Urban and Rural Populations in Wuxi, China: A Distributed Lag Nonlinear Analysis.

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has brought millions of attacks and a substantial burden in the Asia-Pacific region. Previous studies assessed disease risks around the world, which demonstrated great heterogeneity, and few determined the modification effect of social factors on temperature-disease relationship. We conducted a time-series study to evaluate the temperature-associated HFMD morbidity risk using daily data (from 2011 to 2017) and to identify potential modifiers relating to urban-rural status and aggregation mode of children. By applying a distributed lag nonlinear model (DLNM) and controlling for time-varying factors and other meteorological factors, we found that the relationship between daily mean temperature and the cumulative risk of HFMD was an approximately M-shaped curve. The effects of higher temperature appeared to be greater and more persistent than those of lower temperature. With the reference of -6°C, the cumulative relative risk (RR) values of high temperature (95 percentile) and low temperature (5 percentile) were 3.74 (95% CI: 2.50-5.61) and 1.72 (95% CI: 1.24-2.37) at lag 4-7, respectively. Temperature-associated HFMD morbidity risks were more pronounced among rural children and those attending kindergartens or schools at specific lags and temperatures. Relative risk values for temperature-disease association was highest among the 3- to 6-year group, whereas no gender difference was observed. Studying effect estimates and their modifications using the DLNM on a daily scale helps to identify susceptible groups and guide policy-making and resource allocation according to specific local conditions.

Anchorable phosphorylcholine copolymer synthesis and cell membrane mimetic antifouling coating fabrication for blood compatible applications.

Protein adsorption and platelet activation on biomedical devices contacting blood may lead to the formation of thrombus. The thrombogenicity of biomaterials could be minimized or prevented by anchoring a cell membrane mimetic antifouling coating (CMMAC). Here, we report the construction of a CMMAC by a newly designed 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) copolymer (PMPCC) containing 5-20 carboxylic long arm side chains. The long arm provides its end carboxylic group with more freedom and a larger reaction space for an easier and more efficient surface anchoring. With the assistance of mussel-inspired universal adhesive polydopamine (PDA), different material surfaces precoated with PDA can immobilize the PMPCC via multipoint anchoring of the randomly distributed carboxylic side chains. The multipoint anchoring results in a stabilized and condensed PDA-PMPCC coating. The phosphorylcholine zwitterions of the densely immobilized PMPCC polymers form a cell outer membrane mimetic interface in an aqueous environment, endowing excellent properties of resisting protein adsorption, platelet activation and blood cell adhesion. More importantly, the PDA-PMPCC-coated glass surface can suppress thrombus formation for more than 24 h, while the bare glass surface forms obvious thrombus in 6 h tested in the same blood. Furthermore, the fabrication of the PDA-PMPCC coating is simple and material-independent. Therefore, the simple synthesis, facile surface coating and excellent hemocompatibility of the PMPCC make it a promising material for biomimetic surface modification.

Low field nuclear magnetic sensing technology based on hydrogel-coated superparamagnetic particles.

Based on superparamagnetic nanoparticles, a responsive polyacrylamide hydrogel self-assembled by nucleic acid hairpin hybridization chain reaction was designed, and a universal low field nuclear magnetic resonance sensing platform was successfully constructed. As the target was gradually added, the hydrogel coating on the surface of the magnetic nanoparticle was opened layer by layer through binding with the aptamer, which specifically bonded thereto, causing different degrees of exposure of the magnetic nanoparticle, resulting in changes of low field nuclear magnetic resonance signals. This method was originally applied to the rapid detection of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and the versatility of the method was verified using polychlorinated biphenyl 77 (PCB77). This method had the advantage of being fast, convenient, and low cost, and it can be easily operated with high repeatability. This universal method can detect a variety of targets by replacing aptamers and may be useful in controlling food quality and for rapidly detecting cancer cells in vitro.

Benign fibro-osseous lesions of the jaws: a study of 127 Chinese patients and review of the literature.

The aim of this study is to analyze all the cases of benign fibro-osseous lesions treated at School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, to compare the results obtained in this study with those previously documented by other authors. The 127 cases diagnosed as a fibro-osseous lesion were retrieved, and information about these lesions was documented. In all, 127 cases of benign fibro-osseous lesions were surgically treated. Of these, 55 were cemento-ossifying fibroma, 43 ossifying fibroma, and 29 fibrous dysplasia. Cemento-ossifying fibromas mostly occur in men of the second decades, mostly in the mandible. Ossifying fibromas had almost equal sex predilection and age distribution peaked in the second decades, mostly in the mandible. Fibrous dysplasia also had equal sex predilection, and age distribution peaked in the second and third decades, with equal occurrence in both jaws. The tumors needed to have a regular follow-up after the surgery.

Central giant cell granuloma of the jaws: clinical and radiological evaluation of 22 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The objective was to investigate the clinical and radiological characteristics of central giant cell granulomas (CGCGs) of the jaws. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of a 20-year database was performed regarding both clinical and radiological features of 22 patients affected with CGCGs of the jaws. RESULTS: Fourteen women and 8 men were included with the age range of 7-81 years (mean 31.7 years). Among the 22 lesions, 16 were located in the mandible and 6 in the maxilla. Painless swelling was the most common clinical feature in 18 of all cases. Limited mouth opening was noted in 2 patients where the lesions involved the condyle. Radiographically, 13 lesions were homogeneously osteolytic and 9 lesions were trabeculated. Fifteen lesions were unilocular and 14 lesions presented with well-defined but not sclerotic margins. CT images in 5 patients clearly showed the trabeculation within the lesions. The follow-up ranged from 1.5 to 11 years with a mean period of 5 years. Three out of 9 aggressive and 1 out of 13 nonaggressive lesions developed recurrence. CONCLUSIONS: Diagnosis of CGCGs of the jaws depends on both correct interpretation of clinical, radiographic and pathological data. Differentiation between aggressive and nonaggressive CGCGs should be considered to improve individual treatment planning.

Experimental and numerical investigations of effect of column length on retardation factor determination: a case study of cesium transport in crushed granite.

This study investigated breakthrough curves (BTCs) from a series of column experiments, including different column lengths and flow rates, of a conservative tracer, tritium oxide (HTO), and a radionuclide, cesium, in crushed granite using a reactive transport model. Results of the short column, with length of 2cm, showed an underestimation of the retardation factor and the corresponding HTO BTCs cannot be successfully modeled even with overestimated fluid dispersivity. Column supporting elements, including filters and rings, on both ends of packed granite were shown to be able to induce additional dispersive mixing, thus significantly affecting BTCs of short columns while those of the long column, with length of 8cm, were less affected. By increasing flow rates from 1mL/min to 5mL/min, the contribution of structural dispersive mixing to the false tilting of short column BTCs still cannot be detached. To reduce the influence of structural dispersivity on BTCs, the equivalent pore volume of column supporting materials should be much smaller than that of packed porous medium. The total length of column supporting structures should be greatly shorter than that of porous medium column.

A Data Mining Approach Identified Salivary Biomarkers That Discriminate between Two Obesity Measures.

Background: A key mechanism of obesity involves dysregulation of metabolic and inflammatory markers. This study aimed to identify salivary biomarkers and other factors associated with obesity using an ensemble data mining approach. Methods: For a random cohort of over 700 subjects from 8137 Kuwait children (10.00 ± 0.67 years), four data mining methods were applied to identify important variables associated with obesity, including logistic regression by lasso regularization (Lasso), multivariate adaptive regression spline (MARS), random forests (RF), and boosting classification trees (BT). Each algorithm generated a variable importance rank list, based on an internal cross-validation procedure. An aggregated importance ranking was constructed by averaging the rank ordering of variables from individual list, weighted by the classification performance of respective models. Subsequently, the subset of top-ranking variables that were identified with at least three algorithms was evaluated by classification performance using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis with bootstrap percentile resampling. Results: Obesity was defined either by the waist circumference (OBW) or by the body mass index (BMI) (OBWHO). We identified C-reactive protein (CRP), insulin, leptin, adiponectin, as salivary biomarkers associated with OBW, plus a clinical feature fitness level. A similar set of biomarkers was identified for OBWHO, but not including leptin. Tree-based clustering analysis revealed patterns that were significantly different between the OBW and OBWHO subjects. Conclusion: A data mining approach based on multiple algorithms is useful for identifying factors associated with phenotypes, especially in cases where relationships are not salient, and a consensus from multiple methods can help produce a more generalizable subset of features. In this case, we have demonstrated that evaluation using the waist circumference includes association with high levels of salivary leptin, which is not seen with evaluation by BMI.

Dietary phosphorus enhances inflammatory response: A study of human gingivitis.

Phosphates are associated with numerous disorders, ranging from vascular calcification to premature aging, possibly because of an increased inflammatory response. We therefore investigated the association of dietary phosphorus with gingivitis. We analyzed consumption of both phosphorus and sugar and related it to the concentrations of inflammatory biomarkers in saliva samples collected from 8314 children (mean age, 9.99 ± 0.68 years). About 64% of the children consumed more than 1250 mg phosphorus daily, and 34% consumed more than 82 g of sugar daily. Gingivitis was prevalent, with an average of 74% of possible gingival sites considered red. Quantile regression analysis revealed a statistically significant correlation between the occurrence of gingivitis and calorie-adjusted phosphorus intake and between gingivitis and calorie-adjusted sugar intake (both significant either as a linear trend or a categorical variable). In a subset (n = 744) investigation of nutrient consumption related to salivary biomarkers, we found that elevated calorie-adjusted phosphorus intake was directly associated with salivary IL-1ß concentration (OR1.40, 95% CI 1.04-1.89), and inversely associated with salivary IL-4 concentration (OR0.62, 95% CI 0.46-0.84). Sugar intake was not significantly associated with either biomarker. Thus, elevated dietary phosphorus consumption may influence inflammatory disease by altering cytokine levels.