Correlation study of structural parameters of bioadhesive polymers in designing a tunable drug delivery system.

Keeping in view the importance of network structure in designing tunable drug delivery devices, in the present work, correlation between structural parameters and drug release profile has been determined for polysaccharide gum based polymers. These polymers have been characterized by SEMs, FTIR, (13)C NMR, XRD, TGA/DTA/DTG, DSC, and swelling studies. The mechanical, biocompatible, and mucoadhesive properties of polymers have also been determined. The polymer network parameters such as polymer volume fraction in the swollen state, Flory-Huggins interaction parameter, molecular weight of the polymer chain between two cross-links, cross-link density, and mesh size have been evaluated. Different kinetic models have been applied for the drug release profile of the antifungal drug fluconazole. The swelling and drug release occurred through a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and a release profile best fitted in the Higuchi square root model. The polymers have been observed as non-thrombogenic, hemo-compatible, and mucoadhesive in nature and may be used in slow drug delivery applications to oral mucosa.

Functionalization of sterculia gum for making platform hydrogels via network formation for use in drug delivery.

Recently, various advancements have been made in the development of functional polymeric materials for innovative applications. Herein this work, functionalization of sterculia gum (SG) was carried out via grafting of poly(2-(methacryloyloxy) ethyltrimethylammonium chloride) (METAC)-polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP) to develop hydrogel dressings as a platform for use in drug delivery (DD). The innovation of the present work is the exploration of inherent antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of the SG along with antimicrobial characteristic of poly(METAC) and PVP, to design the doxycycline encapsulated hydrogel dressings for better wound healing. FESEM, EDS and AFM analyzed the surface morphology of hydrogels. FTIR, 13C NMR and XRD inferred inclusion of poly(METAC)-PVP into polymers. 13C NMR confirmed the incorporation of poly(METAC) and PVP onto gum by the presence of a peak at 54.74 ppm because of methyl carbon attached to quaternary nitrogen of poly(METAC) and at 45.48 ppm due to the ring carbon of PVP along with FTIR peak at 949 cm-1 because of CN bending of quaternary nitrogen of poy (METAC). Thermal characterization of copolymers has been performed using TGA analysis. One gram of copolymeric hydrogel dressing absorbed 6.51 ± 0.03 g simulated salivary fluid (SSF) and 7.65 ± 0.03 g simulated wound fluid (SWF). Release of doxycycline drug occurred in a sustained manner and followed the Non-Fickian diffusion mechanism from hydrogels. The release profile was most effectively described by Hixon-Crowell kinetic model. Hydrogel demonstrated biocompatibility and expressed thrombogenicity 79.7 ± 4.9 % during its polymer-blood interactions. Copolymer revealed mucoadhesive property, requiring a force of 77.00 ± 0.01 mN to detach from bio-membrane. Additionally, it exhibited antioxidant features, showing 43.81 ± 0.286 % free radical scavenging. Hydrogel dressings were mechanically stable and revealed 0.76 ± 0.09 N mm-2 tensile strength and 9.18 ± 0.01 N burst strength. Polymer films were permeable to oxygen and water vapor and were impermeable to microorganisms. Hydrogel dressings exhibited antimicrobial properties against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. Overall, these properties displayed the suitability of hydrogels for wound dressing (WD) applications which may actively enhance wound healing.

Designing network structure hydrogels derived from carrageenan- phosphated polymers by covalent and supramolecular interactions for potential biomedical applications.

Recently, various efforts have been made to explore the potential of natural polysaccharides derived from sea weeds to promote sustainable development. Herein, carrageenan (CG), a polysaccharide extracted from red sea algae, was utilized to design network structures as hydrogels, aimed at significant applications in drug delivery (DD) systems. Hydrogels were designed by graft copolymerization reaction of poly(bis [2-methacryloyloxy] ethyl phosphate [poly(BMEP)] and poly(acrylic acid) [poly(AAc)] onto CG in the presence of a crosslinking agent. Hydrogels were developed by covalent linkage by graft copolymerization and supramolecular interactions, existing in the copolymers. Copolymers were characterized by Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) instrumentations. The drug diffusion exhibited a sustained pattern due to polymer-drug interactions. The drug release followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and the release profile was most accurately depicted by first order kinetic model. The biocompatible nature of the copolymer was demonstrated from the hemolytic index value signifying minimal adverse interactions with blood component upon exposure. A protein adsorption test was performed using bovine serum albumin (BSA), exhibiting 8.15 ± 0.26 % albumin adsorption. Polymers exhibited mucoadhesive character, evidenced by their requirement of a detachment force measuring 195 ± 4.72 mN for separation from the membrane during interactions with the mucosal surface. The hydrogels exhibited antioxidant properties, evidenced by 2, 2'-Diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, revealing copolymer capable of scavenging 58.21 ± 2.26 % of free radical. The hydrogel revealed antimicrobial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus bacteria, a property further enhanced in hydrogels with the drug doxycycline. These findings suggest suitability of these hydrogels for biomedical applications, with a significant emphasis on drug delivery.

Evaluation of physiochemical and biomedical properties of psyllium-poly(vinyl phosphonic acid-co-acrylamide)-cl-N,N-methylene bis acrylamide based hydrogels.

Present investigation deals with the synthesis of psyllium based copolymeric hydrogels and evaluation of their physiochemical and biomedical properties. These copolymers have been prepared by grafting of poly(vinyl phosphonic acid) (poly (VPA)) and poly(acrylamide) (poly(AAm)) onto psyllium in the presence of crosslinker N,N-methylene bis acrylamide (NNMBA). These copolymers [psyllium-poly(VPA-co-AAm)-cl-NNMBA] were characterized by field emission-scanning electron micrographs (FE-SEM), electron dispersion X-ray analysis (EDAX), Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)- differential thermal analysis (DTG). FESEM, AFM and XRD demonstrated heterogeneous morphology with a rough surface and an amorphous nature. Diffusion of ornidazole occurred with a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism, and the release profile data was fitted in the Korsemeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Biochemical analysis of hydrogel properties confirmed the blood-compatible nature during blood-polymer interactions and revealed haemolysis value 3.95 ± 0.05 %. The hydrogels exhibited mucoadhesive character during biomembrane-polymer interactions and demonstrated detachment force = 99.0 ± 0.016 mN. During 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl reagent (DPPH) assay, free radical scavenging was observed 37.83 ± 3.64 % which illustrated antioxidant properties of hydrogels. Physiological and biomedical properties revealed that these hydrogels could be explored for drug delivery uses.

Investigations on physiochemical and biomedical properties of Aloe vera - Sterculia gum copolymeric dressings impregnated with antibiotic-anesthetic drugs to enhance wound healing.

Recently, various innovative advancements have been made in carbohydrate research to design versatile materials for biomedical applications. The current research focuses on the development of copolymeric hydrogel wound dressings (HWD) using a combination of aloe vera (AV) - sterculia gum (SG) - poly (vinylsulfonic acid) (VSA)-based with the aim to enhancing their efficacy in drug delivery (DD) applications. These hydrogel dressings were encapsulated with levofloxacin and lidocaine to address both microbial infection and pain. Copolymers were characterized by FESEM, SEM, EDS, AFM, 13C NMR, FTIR, XRD, and TGA-DTG analysis. Hydrogel exhibited a fluid absorption capacity of 4.52 ± 0.12 g per gram of polymeric dressing in simulated wound conditions. The hydrogels displayed a sustained release of drugs, demonstrating a non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Polymer dressings revealed antibacterial, mucoadhesive, antioxidant, biocompatible and non-cytotoxic properties. Additionally, HWD displayed permeability to O2 and water vapour, yet was impermeable to microbial penetration. Overall, the findings of physiological, biochemical and drug delivery properties demonstrated the suitability of materials for wound dressing applications.

In vitro release profile of anti-ulcer drug rabeprazole from biocompatible psyllium-PVA hydrogels.

The present article discusses the synthesis, characterization and haemocompatibility behaviour of the psyllium-PVA hydrogels prepared by chemical method in the presence of N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide. These hydrogels have been characterized by Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, thermo gravimetric analysis, swelling and drug release studies. The release of model drug rabeprazole sodium from the drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. Psyllium itself acts as anti-ulcer agent and release of rabeprazole from the drug loaded hydrogels may enhance the curing potential of the drug delivery device. The haemocompatibility was evaluated by studying the blood interactions with hydrogels with reference to thrombogenicity and haemolytic potential. Thrombogenicity results indicate that hydrogels are non-thrombogenic as the weight of clot formed and thrombus percentage for hydrogels was less than the positive control. The haemolytic index has been observed <5%. These observations indicate that these hydrogels are haemo-compatible and hence could be used for oral administration of antiulcer drugs.

Synthesis and characterization of modified bioactive arabinoxylan-psyllium: Evaluation of molecular interactions, physiochemical and biomedical properties.

Keeping in view the future prospectus of carbohydrate polymers, present research report is an elaboration, exploration and execution of the research expectancy in area of these polymers by researchers like John F. Kennedy. Herein, molecular interactions and physiochemical properties of modified bioactive arabinoxylan-psyllium have been evaluated for drug delivery applications. Arabinoxylan-psyllium was modified with sulphated and amide copolymers and co-polymers were characterized by SEMs, AFM, FTIR, XRD, solid state 13C NMR, TGA-DSC and water absorption studies. The 13C-NMR and FTIR confirmed grafted copolymers. The polymer-blood interactions revealed non-thrombogenic nature with thrombose percentage 63.17 ± 5.61 % and polymer-mucous membrane interactions showed detachment force 0.237 ± 0.078Nwith bio-membrane in mucoadhesion test. The pH responsible gels exhibited 44.49 ± 3.12 % inhibitions of free radicals in DPPH assay. The polymer-drug interactions demonstrated sustained diffusion of methotrexate with non-Fickian diffusion and Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. Overall, co-polymeric network structure was found useful in colon specific drug delivery.

A Core-Shell Au@TiO2 and Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotube-Based Sensor for the Electroanalytical Determination of H2O2 in Human Blood Serum and Saliva.

A hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) sensor was developed based on core-shell gold@titanium dioxide nanoparticles and multi-walled carbon nanotubes modified glassy carbon electrode (Au@TiO2/MWCNTs/GCE). Core-shell Au@TiO2 material was prepared and characterized using a scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM/EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Zeta-potential analyzer. The proposed sensor (Au@TiO2/MWCNTs/GCE) was investigated electrochemically using cyclic voltammetry (CV) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The analytical performance of the sensor was evaluated towards H2O2 using differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). The proposed sensor exhibited excellent stability and sensitivity with a linear concentration range from 5 to 200 µM (R2 = 0.9973) and 200 to 6000 µM (R2 = 0.9994), and a limit of detection (LOD) of 1.4 µM achieved under physiological pH conditions. The practicality of the proposed sensor was further tested by measuring H2O2 in human serum and saliva samples. The observed response and recovery results demonstrate its potential for real-world H2O2 monitoring. Additionally, the proposed sensor and detection strategy can offer potential prospects in electrochemical sensors development, indicative oxidative stress monitoring, clinical diagnostics, general cancer biomarker measurements, paper bleaching, etc.

Graft copolymerization of polyvinylpyrollidone onto Azadirachta indica gum polysaccharide in the presence of crosslinker to develop hydrogels for drug delivery applications.

In this work, graft-copolymerization of poly vinylpyrollidone onto Azadirachta indica gum polysaccharide in the presence of crosslinker has been carried out to prepare the hydrogel for use in drug delivery. The polymers were characterized by cryo-SEM, AFM, FTIR, and 13C NMR. The gel strength, cross-link density, mesh size, thrombogenicity, antioxidant and mucoadhesion properties of the gum-PVP hydrogels were determined along with the evaluation of drug release profile of methyl prednisolone, a colonic anti-inflammatory agent, from the drug loaded hydrogels. Cryo SEM images showed the porous crosslinked structure of the polymer network. The drug release from the polymer followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The polymers showed 71.47 ±â€¯4.63% haemo-compatibility and 05.52 ±â€¯0.59 Nmm gel strength. The value of DPPH radical scavenging assay (73.16 ±â€¯04.85%) indicated that the gum-PVP polymers are antioxidant. The results of biocompatibility, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion and drug release properties of the polymers inferred the use of this drug carrier for colonic drug delivery.

Synthesis and characterization of alginate and sterculia gum based hydrogel for brain drug delivery applications.

The present work deals with the design of the alginate, sterculia gum polysaccharide and PVP based hydrogel for brain drug delivery applications. The release dynamics of citicoline drug, a nerve regenerating agent, was evaluated. The polymers were investigated by Cryo-SEMs, AFM, FTIR, XRD, 13C NMR, and swelling studies. The drug release occurred slowly without burst effect and followed mechanism that was approaching the Fickian diffusion mechanism and first order kinetic model. The polymer matrix showed drug loading 40.0 ± 0.8%, thrombose percentage 68.70 ± 8.95%, hemolytic index value 3.66 ± 1.65%, detachment force from the intestinal mucosa = 0.124 ± 0.04 N, and tensile strength 7.67 ± 0.40 N/mm2. These films were found biocompatible, antioxidant and mucoadhesive and could be explored for brain drug delivery.

Preliminary evaluation of molecular imprinting of 5-fluorouracil within hydrogels for use as drug delivery systems.

Molecular imprinting is a new and rapidly evolving technique used to create synthetic receptors and it possesses great potential in a number of applications in the life sciences. Keeping in mind the therapeutic importance of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and the technological significance of molecular imprinting polymers, the present study is an attempt to synthesize 2-hydroxyethylmetacrylate- and acrylic acid-based 5-FU imprinted hydrogels. For the synthesis of these hydrogels, N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide was used as a crosslinker, ammonium persulfate as an initiator and N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine as an accelerator. Both molecular imprinted polymers (MIPs) and non-imprinted polymers were synthesized at the optimum crosslinker concentration obtained from swelling studies and used to study their recognition affinity, their swelling and the in vitro release dynamics of the drug. It was observed from this study that the recognition affinity of MIPs is increased when these are synthesized in a high concentration template solution.

In vitro release dynamics of thiram fungicide from starch and poly(methacrylic acid)-based hydrogels.

In order to make the judicious use of pesticide/fungicide and to maintain the environment and ecosystem we have developed the starch and poly(methacrylic acid)-based agrochemical delivery system for their controlled and sustained release. The delivery device was prepared by using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (N,N'-MBAAm) as crosslinker and was characterized with FTIR, TGA and with swelling studies as a function of time and crosslinker concentration. This article discusses the swelling kinetics of polymer matrix and release dynamics of thiram (fungicide) from hydrogels for the evaluation of the diffusion mechanism and diffusion coefficients. The values of the diffusion exponent 'n' for both cases, that is the swelling of hydrogels and for the release of thiram from the hydrogels have been observed between 0.7 and 0.9 when the concentration of the crosslinker in the polymers were varied from 6.49x10(-3) to 32.43x10(-3) moles/L. It is inferred from the values of the 'n' that Non-Fickian diffusion mechanism has occurred in both the cases.

Network formation of Moringa oleifera gum by radiation induced crosslinking: Evaluation of drug delivery, network parameters and biomedical properties.

The present article is an attempt to explore the potential of the Moringa oleifera gum polysaccharides in network formation with poly(acrylic acid) by radiation induced crosslinking to develop the hydrogel for slow drug delivery applications. Polymers were characterized by Cryo-SEM, AFM and 13C NMR techniques. Furthermore, drug delivery, network formation and some biomedical properties like blood compatibility, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion and gel strength of the hydrogels were also determined. The release of ciprofloxacin occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile best fitted in Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model. The hydrogels were found to be pH responsive, mucoadhesive non-thrombogenic, non-haemolytic, and antioxidant in nature. The crosslink density (ρ) and the mesh size (ξ) of the polymer network was observed 3.81×10-5mol/cm3 and 38.77nm respectively in pH 7.4 solution.

Modification of sterculia gum polysaccharide via network formation by radiation induced crosslinking polymerization for biomedical applications.

AIMS: Keeping in view the therapeutic and pharmaceutical applications of sterculia gum polysaccharide in consideration, its modification has been carried out through grafting and crosslinking to develop the hydrogels for enhanced biomedical applications. Radiation method was used for formation of sterile network of sterculia gum, carbopol and graphene oxide (GO). These polymers were characterized by Cryo-SEMs, AFM, 13C NMR solid state, swelling studies. Some biomedical properties of hydrogels like thrombogenicity, haemolytic potential, antioxidant activity, mucoadhesion and gel strength were determined along with the drug delivery studies. SCOPE: In the present work, sterile polysaccharide gum based drug delivery system was developed for the slow delivery of gemcitabine, an anti-cancer drug, to overcome its side. CONCLUSIONS: The release profile of anti-cancer drug "gemcitabine" followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in Korsmeyer-Peppas kinetic model of drug release. The hydrogels were found to be non-thrombogenic, non-haemolytic, mucoadhesive and antioxidant in nature. Incorporation of the GO nano-sheets in the composite hydrogel matrix has improved its mechanical and drug delivery properties and also exerted strong influence on the network density and mesh size of the hydrogels.

Psyllium as therapeutic and drug delivery agent.

There is no doubt that fibers, in particular viscous dietary fibers, have positive effects on human health, both in the prevention and in treatment of chronic diseases. Dietary fibers from psyllium have been used extensively both as pharmacological supplements, food ingredients, in processed food to aid weight control, to regulation of glucose control for diabetic patients and reducing serum lipid levels in hyperlipidemics. Keeping in view, the pharmacological importance of psyllium polysaccharide and its gel-forming nature, this article discusses the therapeutic value of psyllium for the treatment of constipation, diarrhea, irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease-ulcerative colitis, colon cancer, diabetes and hypercholesterolemia and exploitation of psyllium for developing drug delivery systems.

Crosslinking of poly(vinylpyrrolidone)/acrylic acid with tragacanth gum for hydrogels formation for use in drug delivery applications.

Tragacanth gum (TG) is generally recognized as safe by the Food and Drug Administration. The present article discusses the design of ciprofloxacin loaded TG based hydrogels for use in drug delivery especially to improve the pharmacotherapy of diverticulitis. The polymers were characterized by SEMs, FTIR, 13C NMR, XRD, TGA, DSC, gel strength and swelling studies. The polymer network parameters, mucoadhesion, gel strength, drug release mechanism and kinetic model were also determined. The release of drug occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and best fitted in the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. The pH of the swelling medium has also exerted a strong effect on polymer network structure and mechanical strength. These hydrogels have been observed pH responsive and mucoadhesive in nature and could be utilized for site specific drug delivery.

Influence of graphene-oxide nanosheets impregnation on properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization.

Present work is an attempt, to explore the potential of graphene oxide nanoplates impregnation, on the mechanical and drug delivery properties of sterculia gum-polyacrylamide composite hydrogel formed by radiation induced polymerization. These polymers were characterized by SEM, cryo-SEM, AFM, FTIR's, 13C NMR and swelling studies. Release profile of an anticancer drug 'gemcitabine' was studied to determine the drug release mechanism and best fit kinetic model. Furthermore, some important biomedical properties of the polymers such as blood compatibility, mucoadhesion, antioxidant properties and gel strength were also studied. Impregnation of GO into sterculia gum-poly(AAm) hydrogels decreased the swelling of hydrogels but improved the mechanical, drug loading and drug release properties of the hydrogels. Release of gemcitabine from drug loaded hydrogels occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order kinetic model. These hydrogels have been found as haemocompatible, mucoadhesive, and antioxidant in nature.

Evaluation of Gentamicin and Lidocaine Release Profile from Gum Acacia-crosslinked-poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate)-carbopol Based Hydrogels.

BACKGROUND: No doubt, the prevention of infection is an indispensable aspect of the wound management, but, simultaneous wound pain relief is also required. Therefore, herein this article, incorporation of antibiotic agent 'gentamicin' and pain relieving agent 'lidocaine' into hydrogel wound dressings, prepared by using acacia gum, carbopol and poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) polymers, has been carried out. The hydrogels were evaluated as a drug carrier for model drugs gentamicin and lidocaine. METHOD: Synthesis of hydrogel wound dressing was carried out by free radical polymerization technique. The drug loading was carried out by swelling equilibrium method and gel strength of hydrogels was measured by a texture analyzer. RESULTS: Porous microstructure of the hydrogel was observed in cryo-SEM images. The hydrogel showed mesh size 37.29 nm, cross-link density 2.19× 10-5 mol/cm3, molecular weight between two cross-links 60.25× 10-3 g/mol and gel strength 0.625±0.112 N in simulated wound fluid. CONCLUSION: It is concluded that the pH of swelling medium has influenced the network structure of hydrogel i.e., molecular weight of the polymer chain between two neighboring cross links, crosslink density and the corresponding mesh size. A good correlation was established between gel strength and network parameters. Cryo-SEM images showed porous morphology of hydrogels. These hydrogels were found to be biodegradable and antimicrobial in nature. Drug release occurred through Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile was best fitted in first order model. Overall it is concluded that modification in GA has led to formation of a porous hydrogels for wound dressing applications.

Acacia gum polysaccharide based hydrogel wound dressings: Synthesis, characterization, drug delivery and biomedical properties.

Keeping in view the importance of polysaccharide gums for wound care, in the present article, an attempt has been made to explore antioxidant nature of gum acacia in designing hydrogel wound dressing to improve its wound healing potential. These polymers were prepared by using acacia gum-polyvinylpyrollidone/carbopol and were characterized by 13C NMR, FTIR, SEM, AFM, cryo-SEM, XRD, TGA, DSC and elemental analysis techniques. Some important biomaterial properties of wound dressings such as wound fluid absorption, haemo-compatibility, bioactive assessment, gaseous/water/microbial permeability, mechanical properties, bio-adhesion, drug release, and histology of wound healing were also determined. Hydrogel wound dressings were found non-haemolytic, antioxidant and mucoadhesive in nature. Release of drug occurred through non-Fickian diffusion mechanism and release profile best fitted in Higuchi model.

The release dynamics of model drugs from the psyllium and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide based hydrogels.

In order to utilize the psyllium husk, a medicinally important natural polysaccharide, for developing the novel hydrogels for the controlled drug delivery device, we have prepared psyllium and N-hydroxymethylacrylamide based polymeric networks by using N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (N,N'-MBAAm) as crosslinker. The polymeric networks thus formed were characterized with scanning electron micrography (SEM), FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) techniques to study various structural aspects of the networks and also with the swelling response of the polymeric networks as a function of time, temperature, pH and [NaCl]. Equilibrium swelling has been observed to depend on both structural aspects of the polymers and environmental factors. Maximum P(s) 748.3 was observed at 13.0 x 10(-3)mol/L of [N,N'-MBAAm] in 0.5M NaOH solution. The release dynamics of model drugs (salicylic acid and tetracycline hydrochloride) from hydrogels has also been discussed, for the evaluation of the release mechanism and diffusion coefficients. The effect of pH on the release pattern of tetracycline has been studied by varying the pH of the release medium. In release medium of pH 7.4 buffer the release pattern of tetracycline drastically changes to the extent that mechanism of drug diffusion shifted from non-Fickian diffusion to Fickian diffusion. It has been observed that diffusion exponent "n" have 0.71, 0.67 and 0.52 values and gel characteristic constant 'k' have 1.552 x 10(-2), 2.291 x 10(-2) and 5.309 x 10(-2) values in distilled water, pH 2.2 buffer and pH 7.4 buffer, respectively, for tetracycline release. In solution of pH 7.4 buffer, the rate of polymer chain relaxation was more as compare to the rate of drug diffusion from these hydrogels and it follows Fick's law of diffusion. The value of the initial diffusion coefficient for the release of tetracycline hydrochloride was higher than the value of late time diffusion coefficient in each release medium indicating that in the start, the diffusion of drug from the polymeric matrix was fast as compare to the latter stages.