Antibody Polymer Conjugates (APCs) for Active Targeted Therapeutic Delivery.

Antibody drug conjugates (ADCs) are poised to have an enormous impact on targeted nanomedicine, especially in many cancer pathologies. The reach of the current format of ADCs is limited by their low drug-to-antibody ratio (DAR) because of the associated physiochemical instabilities. Here, we design antibody polymer conjugates (APCs) as a modular strategy to utilize polymers to address ADC's shortcomings. We show here that conjugation of polymer-based therapeutic molecules to antibodies helps increase the DAR, owing to the hydrophilic comonomer in the polymer that helps in masking the increased hydrophobicity caused by high drug loading. We show that the platform exhibits cell targetability and selective cell killing in multiple cell lines expressing disease-relevant antigens, viz., HER2 and EGFR. The ability to use different functionalities in the drug as the handle for polymer attachment further demonstrates the platform nature of APCs. The findings here could serve as an alternative design strategy for the next generation of active targeted nanomedicine.

Targeted Drug Delivery Using a Plug-to-Direct Antibody-Nanogel Conjugate.

Targeted drug delivery using antibody-drug conjugates has attracted great attention due to its enhanced therapeutic efficacy compared to traditional chemotherapy. However, the development has been limited due to a low drug-to-antibody ratio and laborious linker-payload optimization. Herein, we present a simple and efficient strategy to combine the favorable features of polymeric nanocarriers with antibodies to generate an antibody-nanogel conjugate (ANC) platform for targeted delivery of cytotoxic agents. Our nanogels stably encapsulate several chemotherapeutic agents with a wide range of mechanisms of action and solubility. We showcase the targetability of ANCs and their selective killing of cancer cells over-expressing disease-relevant antigens such as human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, epidermal growth factor receptor, and tumor-specific mucin 1, which cover a broad range of breast cancer cell types while maintaining low to no toxicity to non-targeted cells. Overall, our system represents a versatile approach that could impact next-generation nanomedicine in antibody-targeted therapeutics.

Targeting CD4+ Cells with Anti-CD4 Conjugated Mertansine-Loaded Nanogels.

CD4+ T lymphocytes play an important role in controlling many malignancies. The modulation of CD4+ T cells through immunomodulatory or cytotoxic drugs could change the course of disease progression for disorders such as autoimmunity, immunodeficiency, and cancer. Here, we demonstrate that anti-CD4 conjugated polymeric nanogels can deliver a small molecule cargo to primary CD4+ T cells and a CD4high T cell lymphoma. The antibody conjugation not only increased the uptake efficiency of the nanogel (NG) by CD4+ T cells but also decreased the non-specific uptake of the NG by CD4- lymphocytes. For T lymphoma cell lines, the mertansine-loaded conjugate displayed a dose-dependent cell growth inhibition at 17 ng/mL antibody concentration. On the other hand, antibody-drug conjugate (ADC)-type formulation of the anti-CD4 reached similar levels of cell growth inhibition only at the significantly higher concentration of 1.8 µg/mL. NG and antibody conjugates have the advantage of carrying a large payload to a defined target in a more efficient manner as it needs far less antibody to achieve a similar outcome.

Antibody Delivery for Intracellular Targets: Emergent Therapeutic Potential.

Proteins have sparked fast growing interest as biological therapeutic agents for several diseases. Antibodies, in particular, carry an enormous potential as drugs owing to their remarkable target specificity and low immunogenicity. Although the market has numerous antibodies directed toward extracellular targets, their use in targeting therapeutically important intracellular targets is limited by their inability to cross cellular membrane. Realizing the potential for antibody therapy in disease treatment, progress has been made in the development of methods to deliver antibodies intracellularly. In this review, we address various platforms for delivery of antibodies and their merits and drawbacks.

Comparison of therapeutic response of lycopene and curcumin in oral submucous fibrosis: A randomized controlled trial.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate and compare the therapeutic response of lycopene and curcumin with placebo in patients suffering from oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and to correlate the habit variables of smoked and smokeless tobacco products in OSMF. METHODS: A randomized placebo-controlled parallel clinical study was conducted on ninety OSMF patients, who were divided into three treatment groups using computer-generated randomization. Group A patients (n = 30) were given curcumin tablet (300 mg) twice daily, Group B patients (n = 30) received lycopene capsules (8 mg) twice daily, and for Group C (n = 30), placebo capsules were given once daily for a period of six months. Both the participant and outcome assessor were blinded. Pre- and post-treatment comparison of mouth opening, burning sensation, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility was analyzed at periodic follow-up of 9 months. RESULTS: The overall improvement in mouth opening, burning sensation, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility was 3.9 ± 4.9 mm, 4.8 ± 2.6, 5.0 ± 7.2 mm, & 0.36 ± 0.71 mm, respectively, for curcumin and 4.1 ± 4.2 mm, 5.0 ± 2.3, 2.4 ± 3.5 mm, & 0.66 ± 0.80 mm, respectively, for lycopene with the p value <0.05. CONCLUSION: Statistically significant improvement in clinical findings was observed in both curcumin and lycopene treatment groups in comparison with placebo. However, the therapeutic efficacy of curcumin and lycopene was found to be almost equal in OSMF patients.

Matrix Metalloproteinase-9-Responsive Nanogels for Proximal Surface Conversion and Activated Cellular Uptake.

Here, we have exploited the heightened extracellular concentration of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) to induce surface-conversional properties of nanogels with the aim of tumor-specific enhanced cellular uptake. A modular polymeric nanogel platform was designed and synthesized for facile formulation and validation of MMP-9-mediated dePEGylation and generation of polyamine-type surface characteristics through peptide N-termini. Nanogels containing MMP-9-cleavable motifs and different poly(ethylene glycol) corona lengths (350 and 750 g/mol) were prepared, and enzymatic surface conversional properties were validated by MALDI characterization of cleaved byproducts, fluorescamine assay amine quantification, and zeta potential. The nanogel with a shorter PEG length, mPEG350-NG, exhibited superior surface conversion in response to extracellular concentrations of MMP-9 compared to that of the longer PEG length, mPEG750-NG. Confocal microscopy images of HeLa cells incubated with both fluorescein-labeled nanogels and DiI-encapsulated nanogels demonstrated greater uptake following MMP-9 "activation" for mPEG350-NG compared to its nontreated "passive" mPEG350-NG parent, demonstrating the versatility of such systems to achieve stimuli-responsive uptake in response to cancer-relevant proteases.

Fibrotomy with diode laser (980 nm) and habit correlation in oral submucous fibrosis: a report of 30 cases.

To evaluate the efficacy of laser fibrotomy in patients with oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) and also to correlate the habit variables causing OSMF. Thirty patients diagnosed clinically and histopathologically with OSMF were included in the study. Laser fibrotomy was done under local anesthesia using Zolar diode laser (980 nm frequency) at 2-W power in contact mode with fibro-optic cutting tip. The patients were advised to practice mouth-opening exercises rigorously, and topical corticosteroid was given for burning sensation and pain for 6 months. Pre- and post-treatment comparison of mouth opening, burning sensation, tongue protrusion, and cheek flexibility was analyzed after a follow-up period of 9 months. After a follow-up period of 9 months from the surgical intervention, the mean value of difference in pre- and post-treatment of VAS score, mouth opening, and tongue protrusion was found to be 3.3 ± 2.1, 7.7 ± 5.1, 1.6 ± 2.7, and 0.38 ± 0.61 respectively. Using the Wilcoxon signed rank test, all the above difference in mean was found to be significant with p value < 0.05. With above suggested significant results, lasers can provide an alternative and better means for surgical fibrotomy, relieving trismus in moderate OSMF as they are minimally invasive, cause less hemorrhage, and have faster healing and minimal surgical site scaring and relapse.

Spontaneous resolution and bone regeneration in hemophilic pseudotumor: A rare case report and literature review.

AIM: Hemophilic pseudotumor (HP) is a very rare complication of hemophilia seen in only 1-2% of the cases. Although it is much more common in long bones, pelvis and small bones of hands and feet and very rarely involving jaw bones. METHOD AND RESULT: In the present case, the presence of a rare hemophilic pseudotumor of the mandible with the positive history of Hemophilia B justifies that the history, clinical and radiological examinations were sufficient to arrive at conclusive diagnosis precluding invasive diagnostic procedures such as biopsy hence avoiding the risk of hemorrhage, infection, or fistula. This case also highlights that patient was conservatively managed with Factor IX replacement alone with a very good clinical outcome. CONCLUSION: HP should be considered as a differential diagnosis of any progressive swelling of hard and soft tissues occurring in a patient with severe haemophilia.

Natural Teeth for Prosthetic Solutions in Pediatric Patients: Two Case Reports of Biologically Based Removable Functional Partial Dentures.

Prosthetic appliances are essential for promoting the proper development of teeth, dental arches, and facial bones in children. Due to the constantly changing nature of a child's oral environment, these appliances must be temporary and require regular maintenance and adjustment to avoid impeding orofacial growth. A fundamental aspect of contemporary dentistry is re-establishing aesthetics. The absence of front teeth can cause appearance-related concerns in children. Personal appearance holds significant importance for children, particularly during adolescence. Even preschoolers, aged three to five, begin to cultivate a keen sense of body image and are increasingly aware of how they are perceived by both their peers and adults. We executed two cases in which natural teeth were used as replacements for artificial teeth in partial dentures. In the first case, we used the exfoliated natural teeth in a removable partial denture for aesthetic rehabilitation. This method leverages the natural tooth's inherent aesthetic qualities, proving especially valuable in the immediate replacement of anterior teeth, where appearance is critical. In another case, we utilized the natural teeth for the posterior region not only to enhance the patient's chewing efficiency but also to facilitate the eruption of unerupted succedaneous teeth. Additionally, using the patient's own teeth helps to achieve proper occlusion and comfort after the denture is placed, thus ensuring that patient expectations are met in both situations.

Kid-Sized Dentistry: A Pioneering First-of-Its-Kind Study on Customizing Dental Tools and Technology for Pediatric Care.

Introduction At the core of pediatric dentistry lies a profound understanding of child development, behavior management, and tailored treatment modalities. Similarly, tailoring dental tools and technology to address the distinct requirements of children is an essential aspect of pediatric dental practice. Kid-sized dentistry is the customization of dental tools and technology to effectively meet the unique needs of children. This study is the first to comprehensively explore all dimensions of resizing dental tools and technology for children, synthesizing scattered literature on the topic into a unified analysis, a trailblazing contribution to the field. Therefore, the aim of this article is to address these research gaps by conducting both a comprehensive analysis and a cross-sectional study. Methods To gather information for the subject, we conducted searches using both free-text terms and specific MeSH terms. We searched for articles published in English up to July 2024 across various electronic databases. Utilizing keywords, we initially obtained approximately 25-30 relevant literature studies, from which we selected 15-20 which were more topic-specific. We conducted an original survey to assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices of pediatric and general dentists regarding kid-sized dentistry in the Jabalpur zone. This survey employed a validated, structured questionnaire designed to collect data comprehensively. Results Despite high awareness, there remains a gap in the actual use of these tools and technology, particularly among general dentists. Conclusion In the realm of dentistry, every specialty brings a unique lens through which patient care is viewed. Within this mosaic, the pediatric dentist offers a particularly invaluable perspective, one that is grounded in the delicate nuances of treating children. Pediatric dentistry, in particular, focuses on the specialized needs of children, with an emphasis on understanding child development, behavior management, and customized treatment approaches. Central to this field is the adaptation of dental tools and technologies to suit pediatric patients. Insights from pediatric clinicians have contributed to advancements in dental equipment, improving its suitability for children. Increasing awareness of these innovations among both general and pediatric dentists can enhance this progress. This study underscores the need for ongoing education and advocacy to ensure all dental professionals have access to the best tools for treating young patients.

A Rare Case of Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma in an Infant.

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) associated with natal/neonatal teeth is extremely rare. In general, POF occurs as a soft-tissue gingival nodule occurring in young adults. We report an unusual and a rare case in a 5-month-old male child who had two, localized, soft-tissue growth over the mandibular anterior alveolar ridge. History revealed the presence of natal teeth in the same mandibular anterior region, which exfoliated at the age of 2 months. Intraoral periapical radiograph showed soft tissue density with evidence of calcifications that also corroborated with the histopathological finding of masses of mineralized areas. Excision of the lesions followed by histopathological examination proved the final diagnosis of POF. Inspite of being a benign reactive lesion, a high recurrence rate has been reported. Such lesions require long-term follow-up subsequent to excision with histopathological examination due to a high recurrence rate.

A New Strategy for Reporting Specific Protein Binding Events at Aqueous-Liquid Crystal Interfaces in the Presence of Non-Specific Proteins.

Aqueous-liquid crystal (LC) interfaces offer promise as responsive interfaces at which biomolecular recognition events can be amplified into macroscopic signals. However, the design of LC interfaces that distinguish between specific and non-specific protein interactions remains an unresolved challenge. Herein, we report the synthesis of amphiphilic monomers, dimers, and trimers conjugated to sulfonamide ligands via triazole rings, their assembly at aqueous-LC interfaces, and the orientational response of LCs to the interactions of carbonic anhydrase II (CAII) and serum albumin with the oligomer-decorated LC interfaces. Of six oligomers synthesized, only dimers without amide methylation were found to assemble at aqueous interfaces of nematic 4-cyano-4'-pentylbiphenyl (5CB) to induce perpendicular LC orientations. At dimer-decorated LC interfaces, we found that concentrations of CAII less than 4 µM did not measurably perturb the LC but prevented non-specific adsorption and penetration of serum albumin into the dimer-decorated interface that otherwise triggered bright, globular LC optical domains. These experiments and others (including competitive adsorption of CAII, BSA, and lysozyme) support our hypothesis that specific binding of CAII to the dimer prevents LC anchoring transitions triggered by non-specific adsorption of serum albumin. We illustrate the utility of the approach by reporting (i) the relative activity of two small-molecule inhibitors (6-ethoxy-2-benzothiazolesulfonamide and benzenesulfonamide) of CAII to sulfonamide and (ii) proteolytic digestion of a protein (CAII) by thermolysin. Overall, the results in this paper provide new insight into the interactions of proteins at aqueous-LC interfaces and fresh ideas for either blocking non-specific interactions of proteins at surfaces or reporting specific binding events at LC interfaces in the presence of non-specific proteins.

Prosthetic Lip with the Retentive Attachment for a Unilateral Cleft Lip Patient: A Clinical Report.

Patients afflicted with congenital cleft lip defect experience disfigured facial esthetics and lack of oral competency that could reduce the speech intelligibility. Rehabilitation of such cosmetic deformities condition often encountered with dental abnormalities becomes the challenge. When surgical treatment is not desired, prosthetic reconstruction turns out to be an economical option. This clinical treatment describes the fabrication of a maxillary lip prosthesis supported by a cast partial denture retained with magnetic attachment in a cleft lip patient. The use of intraoral magnets placed labially on the cast partial denture and on the counterpart of the prosthesis improved the retention. Moreover, the biomedical-grade silicone prosthesis used to blend closely with the patient's skin shade fulfilled the esthetic needs.

Assessment of Palatal Plane and Occlusal Plane for Determining Anteroposterior Jaw Relation.

INTRODUCTION: Sagittal jaw relationship is an important parameter for orthodontic treatment planning. Angular and linear measurements both have been proposed and used in orthodontic cephalometrics to assess the sagittal jaw relationships. However, angular measurement has been questioned over the years for its reliability as a result of changes in facial height, jaw inclination and the variable positions of Nasion. So, the objective of our study was to assess the linear anteroposterior jaw relation in a sample of Nepali population using occlusal (Wits appraisal) and palatal planes as reference lines. METHODS: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted using the lateral cephalogram of 101 individuals visiting the Department of Orthodontics, Kantipur Dental College, Kathmandu, Nepal. Individuals with Class I skeletal relation were selected using convenience sampling method. Radiographs were standardised and traced. Occlusal and palatal planes were drawn that were bisected by the perpendicular lines from Point A and Point B. The linear distances between the intersections were measured to determine sagittal jaw relations. RESULTS: In Nepali individuals with normal ANB angle (3.05°±2.511°), the sagittal jaw relation with reference to occlusal (Wits appraisal) and palatal planes were found to be 0.203±3.343mm and 3.574±4.074mm respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Various methods has been proposed and used to assess the sagittal jaw relation and each method has its own strength and limitations. So, it is well advised to use additional cephalometric analysis whenever possible before arriving at any diagnosis and treatment plans.

Gingival manifestations of tuberculosis in pediatric patients: series of 4 cases.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study was to evaluate the gingival manifestations of tuberculosis (TB) in the oral cavity in pediatric patients. STUDY DESIGN: Four pediatric patients were enrolled in the study. Clinical symptoms, auxiliary examinations, treatments, and outcomes were recorded and analyzed. Four pediatric patients who presented with atypical gingival lesions were thoroughly examined for local and systemic signs and symptoms, and a detailed history was obtained. All relevant investigations led to a definitive diagnosis of oral tuberculous lesions. On the basis of the final diagnosis, antitubercular therapy (ATT) was started for all the pediatric patients, and outcomes were measured. RESULTS: All 4 patients responded very well to the treatment, with complete resolution of the lesions within 6 months after the initiation of ATT. CONCLUSIONS: Health care professionals should rule out TB as one of the differential diagnoses in pediatric patients with atypical gingival lesions. ATT is strongly recommended for the treatment of oral TB to achieve good clinical outcomes. Rapid molecular tests based on nucleic amplification should be utilized for the diagnosis of TB in children and also for extrapulmonary TB because they are much faster and reliable compared with conventional methods.

Clinicoradiologic follow up of cherubism with aggressive characteristics: a series of 3 cases.

Cherubism is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by replacement of bone with fibrous tissue containing multinucleated giant cells. It manifests as bilateral mandibular and/or maxillary enlargement. The 2017 World Health Organization classification lists cherubism as a giant cell lesion of the jaws, distinct from fibro-osseous disorders. We discuss 3 cases of familial cherubism having aggressive characteristics and present clinicoradiologic evaluations of the lesions over 12, 18, and 1.5 years, respectively. Follow-up was observational, without active intervention. Analysis of the lesions for change in size and functional impairments was correlated with periodic imaging. All patients are currently being monitored. The outcome in 2 cases has been excellent without intervention, but 1 case had extensive involvement of the jaws and involvement of the condyle and orbit. A secondary giant cell lesion involved the palate in one patient's mother, who had had cherubic lesions in childhood.

Dental Caries Scenario Among 5, 12 and 15-Year-old Children in India- A Retrospective Analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Dental caries is the most prevalent dental disease and children are one of the most affected groups. Thus, the present study was conducted to assess the average dental caries prevalence across different WHO index age groups (5, 12 & 15 years) for the past fifteen years. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Literature search was performed electronically in various search engines like google scholar, PubMed, Copernicus, etc. using Dental caries and India as MeSH terms. Articles from the past 15 years reporting on dental caries prevalence and experience in India were searched and this online searching strategy collected and listed 781 articles. After evaluating their titles and abstracts, only 30 articles fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria & were finally selected for complete review and data collection. Five articles which were hand searched were also included. Pooled estimates were calculated for different index age groups and different regions (Northern and Southern) separately with a confidence interval of 95% both for prevalence and experience of dental caries. RESULTS: The pooled prevalence of dental caries was found to be highest in 15 year olds followed by 5 and 12 years (62.02%, 48.11% & 43.34% respectively). Weighted mean was also found to be highest for 15 years, followed by 5 and 12 years (2.56±6.508, 2.49±7.78, 1.48±3.292 respectively). Pooled prevalence and weighted mean for the Northernern India region was found to be more in all the index age groups as compared to the Southernern India region. CONCLUSION: More than 40% of the children in India have shown dental caries in both primary and permanent teeth in the past 15 years. Also, Northernern region was found to be more affected by dental caries than Southern region. Since children are seen as the future of the nation, this data could be helpful in the planning of oral health care services by the concerned authorities in the community.

Bibliometric analysis of journal of clinical and diagnostic research (dentistry section; 2007-2014).

BACKGROUND: The role of scientific journals in diffusion of data concerning researches in the field of Public Health Dentistry is of premier importance. Bibliometric analysis involves analysis of publications reflecting the type of research work. AIM: The present study was conducted with an aim to determine the number and trends of published articles in Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research (JCDR) from Feb. 2007 to Oct.2014. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A retrospective observational study was conducted for JCDR. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All issues of JCDR were electronically searched for the parameters : study design, area of interest of research, state /college where research was conducted, authorship pattern, source of articles published each year, changing study trends, disease under study and publication bias. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: The data was organized and analyzed using software SPSS - version 21.0; descriptive statistics was used. RESULTS: Bibliometric analysis was done for 601 articles of JCDR published from Feb. 2007 to Oct. 2014. The total number of articles published under Dentistry section have tremendously increased from mere 2 articles in 2007 to 328 articles in 2014.Majority of the study designs published in both the journal were case reports (42.6%) followed by cross sectional studies (24.8%). 96.3% of the articles were from India. Majority of the articles published were of multi authors (65.2%) and from Educational institutes (98.4%). The trends of the articles published indicated that the case reports/series formed the major bulk (others=59.1%) followed by research studies (21.3%). CONCLUSION: It was concluded that most articles published were case reports followed by researches indicating an inclination towards better quality methodology. The SJR and the citation count of the articles published also indicated the quality of the scientific articles published.

Is Oral Health of the Sugar Mill Workers Being Compromised?

INTRODUCTION: Occupational environment has an immense influence on the general as well as oral health. The specific exposure to sugar and its byproducts might influence the dental health of sugar mill workers. AIM AND OBJECTIVES: The present study was conducted to assess and compare the oral health status of production line workers and administration staff working in the sugar mills of Western Uttar Pradesh. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four Government aided and four Private sugar mills of West Uttar Pradesh, India among the production line workers and administration staff. Multistage random sampling methodology was employed to select total of 600 sugar mill factory workers (449 production line workers and 151 administration staff). The oral health status of the study subjects was assessed using the modified WHO Oral health survey Performa 1997. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: SPSS 19 Version was used for statistical analysis. Mean, Standard Deviation and proportions were calculated for each clinical parameter. Student t-test and Chi-square analysis was done to analyse inter group comparison. RESULTS: Mean DMFT for production and non production line workers was 7.67± 2.99 and 0.15 ± 1.34 (p= 0.001) respectively. 80.17% of production line workers had maximum CPI score 2 in contrast to 63.57% of administration staff (p=0.324). CONCLUSION: The dental health was found to be debilitated among the production line workers of Sugar mill as compared to the Administrative staff. It is therefore recommended to raise the awareness among the sugar mill workers regarding the same.

Underlying kidney disease and duration of hemodialysis: an assessment of its effect on oral health.

BACKGROUND: Dental health among the patients undergoing haemodialysis therapy has been found to be debilitated and gets worsened with the increased duration of hemodialysis.Hence the present study aimed to assess the effect of duration of hemodialysis and the underlying kidney disease on the dental health status of patients. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 400 patients and 400 controls selected through stratified random sampling method from five zones of Delhi, India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The patient group was divided into following five groups in order to evaluate influence of duration of hemodialysis therapy on dental status of the subjects-a)≤ three months b)four to six months c)seven to nine months d) ten to twelve months and e) more than twelve months. Dental health was assessed using WHO dentition status and treatment needs, community periodontal index, oral hygiene index, prosthetic status and needs. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Student t-test, Chi-square test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Pearson's correlation was used to determine the difference in clinical parameters among the subgroup and between the patients and controls. RESULTS: Positive correlation was found between the frequency of dialysis and maximum CPI scores (p-value=0.018). 81.25% of patients and 74.75% of the controls had CPI score 2. Loss of attachment scores in patients was higher than the healthy controls (p-value 0.035). Mean OHI scores for the patients was 5.15±1.975 and for controls was 5.01±2.213 (p=0.635). Mean DMFT score of patients and controls was 3.552 and 3.559 respectively (p=0.937). 23%of controls showed presence of dental prosthesis in comparison to only 14.5 % of patients (p=0.05). Type of underlying kidney disease and duration of hemodialysis had significant influence on O.H.I scores and Prosthetic needs. CONCLUSION: Dental health status was found to be debilitated among the hemodialysis patients and got worsened with the duration of hemodialysis and the type of underlying kidney disease mainly due to oral health negligence contributing to morbidity and potential mortality. Further emphasis on the effective implementation of oral health promotion programme for medically compromised patients is thus advocated.