Dental fusion and dens evaginatus in the permanent dentition: literature review and clinical case report with conservative treatment.

This clinical case report describes concomitant developmental disorders in the permanent dentition. The concurrence of bilateral dens evaginatus and dental fusion is a rare dental anomaly. Dental fusion is characterized by the union of 2 adjacent teeth at the crown level, which produces the formation of an enlarged clinical crown. Dens evaginatus is an enamel elevation similar to a cusp, generally located in the main groove of molars and premolars. The etiology of both anomalies is uncertain. The purpose of this paper was to review the related literature and present a clinical case where both anomalies are present.

Putative periodontal bacteria in clinically healthy and diseased sites of periodontitis patients

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the microbial profile of subgingival sites in Periodontitis (Pd) patients and healthy ones. Methods: Eighteen patients with Pd and 18 gender-matched healthy controls were selected. Subgingival samples were collected from three types of sites: 1) healthy site of healthy subjects (probing pocket depth (PPD) ≤ 3mm, CG), 2) healthy site of Pd patients (PPD ≤ 3mm, PG-C) and 3) diseased site (PPD > 3mm) of the same Pd patients (PG-T). All sites were subjected to microbial analysis for the detection of 40 bacterial species by the "Checkerboard DNA-DNA hybridization" technique. Results: It was observed a great diversity of bacteria in all patients evaluated. The sites from the Pd groups (PG-T and PG-C) showed a higher overall count of the studied bacteria than those of the CG group, especially from Green, Orange, and Red complexes. Also, PG-T showed a higher prevalence of Red complex bacteria than CG. Individual pathogens, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Treponema denticola and Treponema socranskii were detected in higher levels and/or prevalence in Pd than in control patients. However, it was not observed any difference between PG-T and PG-C. Conclusion: Pd patients showed higher prevalence and counts of some putative periodontal bacteria, especially from the red complex, than control ones, regardless of the severity of their sites