RESUMO
Wnt5a has been found recently to be involved in inflammation regulation through a mechanism that remains unclear. Immunohistochemical staining of infected human dental pulp and tissue from experimental dental pulpitis in rats showed that Wnt5a levels were increased. In vitro, Wnt5a was increased 8-fold in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs) after TNF-α stimulation compared with control cells. We then investigated the role of Wnt5a in HDPCs. In the presence of TNF-α, Wnt5a further increased the production of cytokines/chemokines, whereas Wnt5a knockdown markedly reduced cytokine/ chemokine production induced by TNF-α. In addition, in HDPCs, Wnt5a efficiently induced cytokine/chemokine expression and, in particular, expression of IL-8 (14.5-fold) and CCL2 (25.5-fold), as assessed by a Luminex assay. The cytokine subsets regulated by Wnt5a overlap partially with those induced by TNF-α. However, no TNF-α and IL-1ß was detected after Wnt5a treatment. We then found that Wnt5a alone and the supernatants of Wnt5a-treated HDPCs significantly increased macrophage migration, which supports a role for Wnt5a in macrophage recruitment and as an inflammatory mediator in human dental pulp inflammation. Finally, Wnt5a participates in dental pulp inflammation in a MAPK-dependent (p38-, JNK-, and ERK-dependent) and NF-κB-dependent manner. Our data suggest that Wnt5a, as an inflammatory mediator that drives the integration of cytokines and chemokines, acts downstream of TNF-α.
Assuntos
Polpa Dentária/metabolismo , Mediadores da Inflamação/metabolismo , Sistema de Sinalização das MAP Quinases , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/metabolismo , Proteínas Wnt/metabolismo , Animais , Quimiocina CCL2/genética , Quimiocina CCL2/metabolismo , Polpa Dentária/patologia , Feminino , Humanos , Inflamação/genética , Inflamação/metabolismo , Inflamação/patologia , Interleucina-1beta/genética , Interleucina-1beta/metabolismo , Interleucina-8/genética , Interleucina-8/metabolismo , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Macrófagos/patologia , Masculino , NF-kappa B/genética , Proteínas Proto-Oncogênicas/genética , Ratos , Ratos Wistar , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/genética , Fator de Necrose Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Proteínas Wnt/genética , Proteína Wnt-5aRESUMO
PURPOSE: To identify whether or not immediate loading yields different clinical outcomes from conventional loading of single-tooth implants in the esthetic zone. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Various databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, Cochrane [CENTRAL], and Embase) were searched electronically to find articles published in the English language from January 2000 to April 2018. Only randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) that compared conventional and immediate implant loading with a minimum follow-up period of 1 year or more were considered. Available data were pooled for meta-analysis using the Review Manager software. RESULTS: Seven RCTs were included. There was no significant difference between immediate and conventional loading protocols on implant survival at the 1-year follow-up (risk ratio [RR] = 0.99; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.95 to 1.02). The differences regarding marginal bone loss between the two protocols were statistically insignificant (mean difference [MD] = 0.03 mm; 95% CI: -0.09 to 0.15 mm at the 1-year follow-up, and MD = -0.01 mm; 95% CI: -0.16 to 0.15 mm at the 2-year follow-up). Soft tissue changes following different loading protocols revealed no significant differences in the mesial papillae (MD = 0.30 mm; 95% CI: -0.25 to 0.85 mm), the distal papillae (MD = -0.00 mm; 95% CI: -0.42 to 0.42 mm), and the midfacial mucosa (MD = -0.33 mm; 95% CI: -1.17 to 0.50 mm) at the 1-year follow-up. The esthetic outcomes and patient satisfaction were reported in two and three RCTs, respectively. CONCLUSION: A short-term follow-up of single-tooth implants in the esthetic zone showed that the loading protocols (conventional or immediate loading) are not likely to influence the clinical outcomes, including implant survival and peri-implant stability of soft and hard tissues.
Assuntos
Implantes Dentários para Um Único Dente , Carga Imediata em Implante Dentário , Implantação Dentária Endóssea , Estética Dentária , Humanos , Satisfação do PacienteRESUMO
PURPOSE: To determine the influence of chin prominence on preferred lip position in profile. METHODS: The average profile was constructed from the profile of a young Chinese man who has typical Chinese facial profile. Changes in chin position were established by altering the antero-posterior position by protruding or retruding the chin in increments of 5 degrees and 10 degrees from the average profile. The lips were then protruded or retruded in 1mm increments from the average profile and 9 silhouettes were arranged respectively. One hundred and eighty college students were asked to rate the top three most favored, well-balanced profiles.SPSS13.0 software package was used to compare the differences in the scores between the top three most favored profiles and the other profiles. RESULTS: Slightly retruded lip positions were preferred for the average profile.The scores in top three profiles were significantly larger than the other profiles(P<0.05);The raters tended to prefer more retruded lip positions as the facial convexity decreased and more protruded lip positions as the facial convexity increased. CONCLUSIONS: The chin position does significantly impact preferred lip position and different esthetic standards should be applied to the various profiles encountered in clinical practice.The results might be helpful in decisions between extraction and nonextraction treatment in borderline cases.