Summary of Japanese clinical practice guidelines for head and neck cancer - 2022 update edited by the Japan society for head and neck cancer.

The aim of the "Japanese Clinical Practice Guidelines for Head and Neck Cancer - 2022 Update" is to review the latest evidence regarding head and neck cancer and to present the current standard approaches for diagnosis and treatment. These evidence-based recommendations were created with the consensus of the Guideline Committee, which is composed of otorhinolaryngologists and head and neck surgeons, together with radiologists, radiation oncologists, medical oncologists, plastic surgeons, dentists, palliative care physicians, and rehabilitation physicians. These guidelines were created by the Clinical Practice Guideline Committee of the Japan Society for Head and Neck Cancer based on the "Head and Neck Cancer Treatment Guidelines 2018 Edition," and the revised draft was compiled after evaluation by the Assessment Committee and public comments. The 'Clinical questions and recommendations' section consists of 13 categories, and 59 clinical questions are described in total. Here we describe 6 clinical questions specific to other sets of guidelines with recommendations and comments.

Rehabilitation and nutritional support for sarcopenic dysphagia and tongue atrophy after glossectomy: A case report.

Swallowing dysfunction is related to long-term weight loss and reduced body mass index in patients with head and neck cancer. We describe a 76-y-old woman who had severe sarcopenic dysphagia and atrophy of the reconstructed tongue for 17 mo after subtotal glossectomy due to tongue cancer and lost 14 kg during that period. Upon admission, the patient received diagnoses of malnutrition in the context of social or environmental circumstances with insufficient energy intake, loss of muscle mass, localized fluid accumulation, weight loss, and sarcopenia due to reduced skeletal muscle mass (skeletal muscle index <3.95 cm2/m2) and low walking speed (<0.8 m/s). She was not able to eat anything and had a functional oral intake scale level of 1 and penetration-aspiration scale score of 7 points on video fluorography. We increased the nutritional intake to 1900 kcal/d and protein intake to 70.3 g/d by supplying sufficient excess energy, and provided physical therapy and dysphagia rehabilitation to improve sarcopenia, atrophy of the reconstructed tongue, and dysphagia. After 20 mo of treatment, she was considered to be no longer malnourished (11 kg weight gain) and without sarcopenia (skeletal muscle index 4.01 cm2/m2), and the volume of the reconstructed tongue was increased. Sarcopenia and atrophy of the reconstructed tongue may cause dysphagia after glossectomy due to tongue cancer. Additionally, nutritional support and rehabilitation could improve such dysphagia.

Effects of combined treatment with porous bovine inorganic bone grafts and bilayer porcine collagen membrane on refractory one-wall intrabony defects.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a combination of porous bovine inorganic bone graft (Bio-Oss) and bilayer porcine collagen membrane (Bio-Gide) on refractory one-wall intrabony defects in dogs. Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide were applied into the refractory one-wall intrabony defect. The contralateral sites were used as controls (without the application of Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide). At 24 weeks after surgery, similar pocket depths were found in both groups. However, histologic observation revealed an infiltration of inflammatory cells in the control group caused by poor gingival architecture, whereas only a few of the experimental sites showed inflammatory infiltration. In addition to the healthy gingival tissue, periodontal tissue regeneration was observed in the experimental group. The combination of Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide was an effective treatment for refractory one-wall intrabony defects in dogs.

[Distribution of periodontal pathogens in dental plaque samples from 7 to 12-years-old children of Changchun Ziqiang primary school].

OBJECTIVE: To detect the presence of Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the oral plaque samples from children and investigate the relationship between bacteria and clinical parameters. METHODS: A total of 151 children aged 7 to 12 years were selected from Changchun Ziqiang primary school. The supragingival plaque sample was collected from the mesiobuccal and labial surfaces of the right maxillary central incisor and the right maxillary first molar. Extracted DNA from plaque samples was used for PCR analysis. Intraoral examination, probing depth (PD) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were performed and recorded. RESULTS: The detection rate for Pg was 27.6% and Aa 54.3% in supragingival plaque. The detection rates for Pg in molars were much higher than those in incisors (P < 0.01). The detection rate of Pg was positively related to BOP+ and PD. The detection rate for Pg increased gradually with aging, and the detection rate for Aa was highest in the group aged 11 to 12 and the detection rates for Pg and Aa were higher in the gingiva with BOP+ than that with BOP- (P < 0.05). The detection rates for Pg increased remarkably with BOP+ and especially when PD was greater than 4 mm. CONCLUSIONS: Detection rates of putative periodontal pathogens from healthy children of 7 to 12 years of age were high. The detection rates for Pg in molars were much higher than those in incisors,and the presence of Pg and Aa in supragingival plaque was related to periodontal parameters.