Salivary Irisin and periodontal clinical parameters in patients of chronic periodontitis and healthy individuals: A novel salivary myokine for periodontal disease.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate changes in the levels of salivary irisin in chronic periodontitis, and to correlate the two. METHODS: The analytical cross-sectional study was conducted at Fatima Memorial Hospital & College of Dentistry, Lahore, Pakistan, from September 2017 to March 2018, and comprised patients of either gender visiting the periodontic out-patient department. The subjects were divided into group I, which had periodontally healthy controls, and group II, which had an equal number of chronic periodontitis patients. Chronic periodontitis was assessed on basis of pocket probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque percentage and bleeding on probing. Also, 4ml of un-stimulated saliva was collected for the quantification of irisin protein using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Data was analysed using SPSS 25. RESULTS: Of the 40 subjects, there were 20 (50%) in group I with 10 (50%) males and 10 (50%) females having an overall mean age of 37.60±2.58 years. The remaining 20 (50%) subjects were in group II with 16 (80%) males and 4 (20%) females having an overall mean age of 43.25±6.10 years. Mean salivary irisin level in group II was 6.80±3.97ng/ml compared to 3.99±2.48 ng/ml in group I (p=0.009). Periodontal clinical parameters in both the groups were positively but non-significantly correlated with salivary irisin levels (p>0.05) except for decreased plaque percentage in group I (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Salivary irisin levels increased in chronic periodontitis and decreased with decreasing plaque percentage in healthy individuals, indicating that this myokine can act as a biomarker for chronic periodontal disease.

Evaluation of safety and efficacy of silicone rod in tarsofrontalis sling surgery for severe congenital ptosis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of silicone rod in tarsofrontalis sling surgery for severe congenital ptosis. METHODS: A prospective, case series study was performed in 46 patients (56 eyelids) who underwent tarsofrontalis sling surgery using silicone rod for severe congenital ptosis. The efficacy of the silicone rod in tarsofrontalis sling surgery was evaluated by marginal reflex distance1 (MRD1), postoperative eyelid symmetry, and recurrence of ptosis. Safety of silicone rod was assessed by noting postoperative complications. The postoperative results were considered as good if MRD1 was 4.0 ± 0.5 mm (3.5-4.5 mm) and symmetry ≤1 mm; fair if MRD1 was 2.5 ± 0.5 mm (2-3 mm) and symmetry 1.5 to 2.0 mm; and poor if MRD1 was <2.0 mm and symmetry <2.0 mm. RESULTS: In cases of unilateral congenital ptosis, good results were seen in 83.3% cases, fair results in 11.1% cases, and poor results in 5.5% cases. In cases of bilateral congenital ptosis, good results were seen in 80.0% cases, fair in 15.0% cases, and poor result in 5.0% cases. Satisfactory postoperative eyelid elevation of ≥2 mm was seen in 93% cases. Complications in the form of granuloma formation, subsequent silicone rod extrusion, and recurrence occurred in 4% cases. CONCLUSIONS: The use of silicone rod in tarsofrontalis sling surgery for severe congenital ptosis repair is a safe and effective surgery, with few complications and easy removal and adjustment.

Recent progress in materials development and biological properties of GTR membranes for periodontal regeneration.

Chronic periodontal is a very common infection that instigates the destruction of oral tissue, and for its treatment, it is necessary to minimize the infection and the defects regeneration. Periodontium consists of four types of tissues: (a) cementum, (b) periodontal ligament, (c) gingiva, and 4) alveolar bone. In separated cavities, regenerative process also allows various cell proliferations. Guided tissue regeneration (GTR) is a potential procedure that favors periodontal regrowth; however, some limitations (such as ineffective hemostatic property, poor mechanical property, and improper biodegradation) are also associated with it. This review mainly emphasizes on the following areas: (a) a summarized overview of the periodontium and its immunological situations, (b) recently utilized treatments for regeneration of distinctive periodontal tissues; (c) an overview of GTR membranes available commercially, and the latest developments on the characterization and processing of GTR membrane material; and 4) the function of the different non-polymeric/polymeric materials, which are acting as drug carriers, antibacterial agents, nanoparticles, and periodontal barrier membranes to prevent periodontal inflammation and to improve the strength of the GTR membrane.