Head and neck carcinoma in children: A clinicopathological study of 42 cases.

Background/purpose: Cancer is an important part of the global burden of childhood diseases. Head and neck carcinoma in children is rare and related research is limited. This study aimed to investigate the clinicopathological features of childhood head and neck carcinoma. Materials and methods: Forty-two cases of childhood head and neck carcinoma treated in our institution were reviewed and analyzed. Results: Median age overall was 11 years. Twenty-three patients (54.8%) were male and 19 (45.2%) were female. Parotid gland location was most common (54.8%). Mucoepidermoid carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma were the most common histological types (57.1% and 11.9%, respectively). Two patients had a history of bone marrow transplantation and two had a history of odontogenic keratocyst. The recurrence rate after treatment was 8.6%. Conclusion: Early diagnosis and treatment and close follow-up of childhood head and neck carcinoma are warranted to prevent recurrence and improve clinical outcome.

Accuracy of Mixed Reality Combined With Surgical Navigation Assisted Oral and Maxillofacial Tumor Resection.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the feasibility and accuracy of mixed reality combined with surgical navigation in oral and maxillofacial tumor surgery. METHODS: Retrospective analysis of data of seven patients with oral and maxillofacial tumors who underwent surgery between January 2019 and January 2021 using a combination of mixed reality and surgical navigation. Virtual surgical planning and navigation plan were based on preoperative CT datasets. Through IGT-Link port, mixed reality workstation was synchronized with surgical navigation, and surgical planning data were transferred to the mixed reality workstation. Osteotomy lines were marked with the aid of both surgical navigation and mixed reality images visualized through HoloLens. Frozen section examination was used to ensure negative surgical margins. Postoperative CT datasets were obtained 1 week after the surgery, and chromatographic analysis of virtual osteotomies and actual osteotomies was carried out. Patients received standard oncological postoperative follow-up. RESULTS: Of the seven patients, four had maxillary tumors and three had mandibular tumors. There were total of 13 osteotomy planes. Mean deviation between the planned osteotomy plane and the actual osteotomy plane was 1.68 ± 0.92 mm; the maximum deviation was 3.46 mm. Chromatographic analysis showed error of ≤3 mm for 80.16% of the points. Mean deviations of maxillary and mandibular osteotomy lines were approximate (1.60 ± 0.93 mm vs. 1.86 ± 0.93 mm). While five patients had benign tumors, two had malignant tumors. Mean deviations of osteotomy lines was comparable between patients with benign and malignant tumors (1.48 ± 0.74 mm vs. 2.18 ± 0.77 mm). Intraoperative frozen pathology confirmed negative resection margins in all cases. No tumor recurrence or complications occurred during mean follow-up of 15.7 months (range, 6-26 months). CONCLUSION: The combination of mixed reality technology and surgical navigation appears to be feasible, safe, and effective for tumor resection in the oral and maxillofacial region.