Current developments in dural repair: a focused review on new methods and materials.

The dura mater, the outermost layer of the meninges covering the brain and spinal cord, is a collagenous connective tissue consisting of numerous collagen fibers, fibroblasts, and few elastic fibers arranged in a parallel form. The dura mater may be damaged by trauma or excising during intracranial or spinal surgery., To date, cerebrospinal fluid leakage followed by dura damage is still an intractable complication due to its various secondary complications , dural repair has recently garnered increased attention with the progress of the spinal surgery and neurosurgery. In this review, we discuss commonly used methods including the addition of sealants, the use of substitutes, and other effective methods and materials.